湖南省长沙市芙蓉区高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解能力演练题（3）.doc

湖南长沙市（芙蓉区）2016高考英语二轮阅读理解能力演练题（3）【阅读理解】 for those who study the development of intelligence (智力) in the animal world，selfawareness is an important measurement. an animal that is aware (意识) of itself has a high level of intelligence. awareness can be tested by studying whether the animal recognizes itself in the mirror, that is, its own reflected image (反射出的影像). many animals fail this exercise bitterly, paying very little attention to the reflected image. only humans，and some intelligent animals like apes and dolphins，have been shown to recognize that the image in the mirror is of themselves.now another animal has joined the club. in the proceedings of the national academy of sciences, researchers report that an asian elephant has passed the mirror selfreflection test. “we thought that elephants were the next important animal，”said diana reiss of the wildlife conservation society, an author of the study with joshua m. plotnik and fansb. m. de waal of emory university. with their large brains，reiss said, elephants “seemed like cousins to apes and dolphins.”the researchers tested happy. maxine and patty, three elephants at the bronx zoo. they put an 8footsquare mirror on a wall of the animals play area (out of the sight of zoo visitors) and recorded what happened with cameras, including one built in the mirror.the elephants used their long noses to find what was behind it，and to examine parts of their bodies.of the three, happy then passed the test，in which a clear mark was painted on one side of her face. she could tell the mark was there by looking in the mirror, and she used the mirror to touch the mark with her long nose.diana reiss said，“we knew elephants were intelligent, but now we can talk about their intelligence in a better way.”文章通过实验说明能意识到自身形象的动物具有高智商。1. what can mirror tests tell us about animals?a. whether they have large brains. b. whether they have selfawareness.c. whether they enjoy outdoor exercises. d. whether they enjoy playing with mirrors.答案：b。细节理解题。由文章第二段第一句话“awareness can be tested by.”可知b项正确。2. why does the author mention apes and dolphins in the text?a. they are most familiar to readers.b. they are big favorites with zoo visitors.c. they are included in the study by reiss.d. they are already known to be intelligent.答案：d。推理判断题。由第二段最后一句可知人们已经知道apes和dolphins是聪明的。3. what made happy different from maxine and patty?a. she used her nose to search behind the mirror.b. she recognized her own image in the mirror.c. she painted a mark on her own face.d. she found the hidden camera.答案：b。推理判断题。由倒数第二段可推出happy能辨别出自己在镜子中的形象。2016高考阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d）中，选出最佳选项。 when i was going home to india last year, i called up my mother to ask if she wanted anything from china.when india had not opened up its markets to the world, i carried suitcase loads of dark glasses and jeans. thankfully, we can get all these anywhere in india now.still, her answer surprised me: “green tea.”as long as i can remember she didnt even drink indian tea.i dutifully bought a big packet of longjing and headed home to hear the story. my mother and her brother, both regular newspaper readers, believed that chinese green tea was the wonder drug for all illnesses.at the turn of the century, china was not really familiar to the average india. it was a strange country.how things change! and how soon!now every town of any size seems to have a “china market”. and everyone is talking about china.the government of india has planned to send a team to china to see how things are done. a minister once said that india must open the doors for more foreign investment and such a step would “work wonders as it did for china”.but its a two-way street. i just heard about a thousand shenzhen office workers who have gone to bangalore to train in software. meanwhile, all the indian it majors are setting up a strong presence in china.no wonder that trade, which was only in the millions just ten years ago, is expected to hit about us $ 15 billion for last year and us $20 billion by 2008, a goal set by both governments.no wonder, my colleague wrote some weeks ago about this being the sino-indian（中印）century as the two countries started on january 1 the sino-indian friendship year.but what is still a wonder to me is my mother drinking chinese tea.1. why did the mother ask for chinese green tea? a. she was tired of indian tea. b. she had a son working in china. c. she believed it had a curing effect. d. she was fond of chinese products.2. what does the author mean by “its a two-way street” in paragraph 10? a. china and india have different traffic rules. b. tea trade works wonders in both india and china. c. chinese products are popular in both china and india. d. the exchanges between india and china benefit both.3. what do we know about the indian it industry? a. it will move its head office to shenzhen. b. it is seeking further development in china. c. it has attracted an investment of us $15 billion. d. it caught up with the us it industry in 2008.4. in the text the author expresses _. a. his concern for his mothers health b. his support for drinking chinese green tea c. his surprise at chinas recent developmentd. his wonder at the growth of indias it industry参考答案14、cdbc 2016高考阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d）中，选出最佳选项。foreign drivers will have to pay on-the-spot fines of up to 900 for breaking the traffic law to be carried out next month.if they do not have enough cash or a working credit card, their vehicles will be clamped（扣留）until they payand they will face an additional fee of 80 for getting back their vehicles.the law will also apply to british citizens. the fines will be described officially as “deposits” when the traffic law takes effect, because the money would be returned if the driver went to court and was found not guilty. in practice, very few foreign drivers are likely to return to britain to deal with their cases.foreign drivers are rarely charged because police cannot take action against them if they fail to appear in court. instead, officers often merely give warnings.three million foreign-registered vehicles enter britain each year. polish vehicles make up 36 percent, french vehicles 10 percent and german vehicles 9 percent.foreign vehicles are 30 percent more likely to be in a crash than british-registered vehicles. the number of crashes caused by foreign vehicles rose by 47 percent between 2003 and 2008. there were almost 400 deaths and serious injuries and 3,000 slight injuries from accidents caused by foreign vehicles in 2008.the new law is partly intended to settle the problem of foreign lorry drivers ignoring limits on weight and hours at the wheel. foreign lorries are three times more likely to be in a crash than british lorries. recent spot checks found that three quarters of lorries that failed safety tests were registered overseas.the standard deposit for a careless driving offencesuch as driving too close to the vehicles in front or reading a map at the wheelwill be 300. deposits for speeding offences and using mobile phones will be 60. foreign drivers will not get points as punishment added to their licenses, while british drivers will.1. the first paragraph serves as a(n) _. a. explanation b. introduction c. comment d. background2. the foreign drivers who break the traffic law and do not pay on the spot are likely to be fined up to _. a. 60 b. 300 c. 900 d. 9803. we can learn from the passage that _. a. many foreign drivers have been fined by british police b. 300,000 german vehicles enter britain every year c. 25 percent of foreign vehicles entering britain have failed safety tests d. british drivers will be punished with points and fines for breaking the traffic law4. the new traffic law is mainly intended to _. a. limit the number of foreign vehicles entering britain b. increase the british governments additional income c. lower the rare of traffic accidents and injuries d. get foreign drivers to appear in court参考答案14、bddc 阅读理解。everybody is happy as his pay rises. yet pleasure at your own can disappear if you learn that a fellow worker has been given a bigger one. indeed, if he is known as being lazy, you might even be quite cross. such behavior is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying belief that other animals would not be able to have this finely developed sense of sadness. but a study by sarah brosnan of emory university in atlanta, georgia, which has just been published in nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well. the researchers studied the behaviors of some kind of female brown monkeys. they look smart. they are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food happily. above all, like female human beings, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males. such characteristics make them perfect subjects for doctor brosnans study. the researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens (奖券) for food. normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for pieces of cucumber. however, when two monkeys were placed in separate and connected rooms, so that each other could observe what the other is getting in return for its rock, they became quite different. in the world of monkeys，grapes are excellent goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). so when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was not willing to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. and if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either shook her own token at the researcher, or refused to accept the cucumber. indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other room (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to bring about dissatisfaction in a female monkey.the researches suggest that these monkeys, like humans, are guided by social senses. in the wild, they are co-operative and group-living. such co-operation is likely to be firm only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. feelings of anger when unfairly treated, it seems, are not the nature of human beings alone. refusing a smaller reward completely makes these feelings clear to other animals of the group. however, whether such a sense of fairness developed independently in monkeys and humans, or whether it comes from the common roots that they had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question. 1. according to the passage, which of the following statements is true? a. only monkeys and humans can have the sense of fairness in the world. b. women will show more dissatisfaction than men when unfairly treated. c. in the wild, monkeys are never unhappy to share their food with each other.d. monkeys can exchange cucumbers for grapes, for grapes are more attractive. 答案解析：答案为b。本题为推断题，考生需通读全文进行推断。本文讲述了当受到不公平待遇的时候，每个人都会生气，包括动物。但是雌性的动物比雄性的动物更加在意不公平的待遇，研究中用猴子作为实验来证明这一点。文章中第二段 “above all, like female human beings, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.” 与第三段 “such characteristics make them perfect subjects for doctor brosnans study.” 都有此表达，故答案为b “当受到不公平待遇的时候，女性比男性更加不满”。 从最后一段 “refusing a smaller reward completely makes these feelings clear to other animals of the group. however, whether such a sense of fairness developed independently in monkeys and humans, or whether it comes from the common roots that they had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.”中可知，independently (独立)对应a选项中的only，whetheroran unanswered question（是否或者未知的问题）的表达方式与a选项的意思 “只有猴子与人类才具有公平意识” 不同，故a选项是错误的。从第三段 “normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for pieces of cucumber. however, when two monkeys were placed in separate and connected rooms, so that each other could observe what the other is getting in return for its rock, they became quite different.”可知，猴子乐意用石块交换黄瓜，但是当看到另外一只猴子因为石块得到的回报，态度就不一样了。因此c选项 “猴子从不会不高兴彼此分享食物” 与该句意思不符。从第四段首句 “in the world of monkeys，grapes are excellent goods (and much preferable to cucumbers).” 中注意 “excellent (极好的)” 与 “ preferable(更好的)” 两词，与d选项 “for grapes are more attractive（更具有吸引力的）” 意思不一致。综上分析，a, c, d都不符合文章意思。2. the underlined statement “it is all too monkey” means that _. a. monkeys are also angry with lazy fellows b. feeling bitter at unfairness is also monkeys nature c. monkeys, like humans, tend to be envious of each other d. no animals other than monkeys can develop such feelings 答案解析：答案为b。本题为句意推断题。结合文章第一段中 “all too human”前面的内容是说当得知别人懒惰却加薪更多的时候，人人都会生气，这是人的本能。接下来提到的 “it is all too monkey” 也是表达 “猴子受到不公平待遇的时候感到痛苦也是猴子的本能。”的意思。故答案为b。a选项 “猴子对懒惰的同伴也会生气”, c选项 “猴子像人类一样会彼此嫉妒”, d选项 “除了猴子没有其他的动物会有那种感觉” 都与文章意思不符。3. female monkeys of this kind are chosen for the research most probably because they are _ . a. more likely to weigh what they get b. attentive to researchers instructions c. nice in both appearance and behaviorsd. more ready to help others than their male companions 答案解析：答案为a。本题为细节推理题。从文章中第二段 “above all, like female human beings, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of