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2014年中考命题要点强化与新题预测形容词副词【考点串讲】中考试题对形容词的考查涉及形容词作定语、表语、宾语补足语的基本用法;形容词原级、比较级和最高级的各种句型;易混淆的形容词用法辨析等。其中,形容词比较等级句型,形容词修饰不定代词something,anything,everything,nothing时的位置,易混淆的形容词用法辨析等是考查的热点。中考试题对副词的考查涉及常用副词的用法、副词等级的各种句型,易混淆副词用法辨析等。高频考向一形容词作定语,一般放在所修饰词的前面。但形容词修饰something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词时,须放在其后;形容词修饰疑问代词时,也须放在其后。如:its a cold and windy day.这是个既寒冷又有大风的一天。would you like something hot to drink?你想要喝些热的东西吗?what else can you see?你还能看见其他什么东西?作表语,放在系动词的后面。常见的系动词有be,become,get(变),make(使),turn(变),keep,feel,look(看起来),seem,smell,sound,taste。如:he looks happy today.他今天看起来很高兴。silk feels soft.绸子摸起来很软。milk is able to turn bad easily in summer.夏天,牛奶容易变质。作宾语补足语。形容词作宾补时,应放在宾语之后,表示宾语的性质、状态等。如:he always makes us happy.他总是使我们高兴。注意点:表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词,应放在相应的名词之后。如:how long is the river?its about two thousand metres long.这条河有多长?大约2000米长。只能作表语的形容词:afraid害怕;alone独自的;asleep 睡着的;awake醒着的;alive活着的;well健康的;ill病的;frightened害怕的。如:the man is ill.(正)the ill man is my uncle.(误)貌似副词的形容词:lonely独自的;friendly友好的;lively生动的;lovely可爱的。如:its very kind of you to help me.你帮助我,真好。its not easy to learn a foreign language.学好一门外语不容易。1population【特别关注】more than three quarters of the population are chinese.超过四分之三的人口是中国人。what is the population of wenzhou?温州的人口有多少?【拓展精析】population指人口总数,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,但当population前有分数、百分数等修饰时,谓语动词用复数形式。population还可以被large/small修饰,表示“人口众多或稀少”,但不被many/few修饰。询问人口多少的常用句型:what is the population of.?注意:many/few可修饰people。how many people多少人。what is the population of hangzhou?how many people are there in hangzhou?【活学活用】1)which city has _d_ population,shanghai,hong kong or qingdao?shanghai,of course.athe smallestbthe leastcthe most dthe largest2look【特别关注】two people are looking through the books in the bookstore.两个人正在书店里浏览书籍。【拓展精析】look through浏览【例1】【2013,安徽】what was jim wearing at the party?nothing _.he was in his usual shirt and jeans.aspecial bsimplecimportant dinteresting解析:special“特别的”;simple“简单的,简朴的”;important“重要的”;interesting“有趣的”。由答语“他穿着他平时的衬衫和牛仔裤”可知此处意为“没什么特别的”。答案:_a_【例2】【2013,德州】linda felt very _ after the long way,so she stopped to have a rest.asurprised bshy ctired dexcited解析:surprised“惊奇的”;shy“害羞的”;tired“劳累的”;excited“兴奋的”。由后半句句意“因此她停下来休息”推知前半句句意为“琳达在走了很长的路之后,感到非常累。”答案:_c_高频考向二副词副词按性质和用途可分为时间副词、地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词等。时间副词通常用来表示动作发生的时间。常见的时间副词有now,today,tomorrow,yesterday,before,late,early,never,seldom,sometimes,often,usually,always等。地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有here,there,inside,outside,home,upstairs,downstairs,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere,somewhere,down,up,off,in,out等。方式副词一般用来回答“怎样的”这类问题,绝大部分由形容词词尾加ly构成,少数与形容词同形。常见的方式副词有badly,carefully,proudly,suddenly,successfully,angrily,happily,slowly,warmly,wildly,well,fast,hard,alone,high,straight等。程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词,少数用来修饰动词和介词短语。常见的程度副词有much,(a) little,a bit,very,so,too,enough,quite,rather,pretty,greatly,nearly,almost,deeply,hardly等。疑问副词一般引导特殊疑问句。常见的疑问副词有how,when,where,why等。几组常见副词的用法。also,too,either三者都表示“也”。also通常放在句中,位于系动词、情态动词或助动词后面,实义动词前面;too通常用在肯定句中,放在句末;either用在否定句中,放在句末。very与much二者都可以表示“很”,但用法不同:very修饰形容词和副词的原级,而much修饰形容词和副词的比较级。ago与beforeago表示以现在为起点的一段时间以前,不能单独使用,必须和一些表示时间概念的短语搭配,常和过去时连用。before表示在过去或将来某个时间以前,也可以指“以前”,可单独使用,常与过去完成时、过去时、现在完成时连用。so与suchso修饰形容词或副词,表示“如此地”;such修饰名词,表示“如此的”。many,much,little,few名词,前面只能用so而不能用such修饰;such可以修饰a lot of名词。sometime,sometimes,some time与some timessometime某一时间,某一时刻(可指将来,也可指过去)sometimes有时,不时的some time一段时间some times几次,几倍【例3】 speak aloud,please!i can _ hear you.(2013,莱芜)ausually balmost chardly dnearly解析:usually“通常”;almost“几乎;差不多”;hardly“几乎不”;nearly“几乎;差不多”。由前句“请大声讲话!”推知,后句句意为“我几乎听不见你说话。答案:_c_【例4】 _ can you finish this english examination?in about one and a half hours.ahow far bhow oftenchow soon dhow long解析:how far“多远”;how often“多久一次”;how soon“多久以后”;how long“多长时间”。由答语句意“大约一个半小时以后”可知此处是提问“多久以后”。答案:_c_高频考向三形容词、副词等级的用法1形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成规则变化2.形容词、副词等级的用法原级的用法只能修饰原级的词:very,quite,so,too,rather。如:he is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。as.as.和一样(中间用原级)not as(so).as和不一样(中间用原级)如:tom is as old as kate.汤姆和凯特年龄一样大。tom is twice as old as kate.汤姆的年龄是凯特的两倍。this room is not so/as big as that one.这个房间不如那个大。比较级的用法可以修饰比较级的词:much,a lot,far,a little,a bit,even,still。.than.比如:tom is taller than kate.汤姆比凯特高。选择疑问句中,二选一时如:which is bigger,the earth or the moon?哪一个更大,地球还是月球?用比较级表示最高级的意思如:the yangtze river is longer than any other river in china.在中国,长江比其他任何一条河都长。“比较级and比较级”表示“越来越”如:he is getting taller and taller.他变得越来越高了。the flowers are more and more beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮了。“the比较级,the比较级”表示“越,就越”如:the more careful you are,the fewer mistakes youll make.你越认真,犯的错误就越少。在比较级中为了避免重复,在than后常用one,that,those等词来替代前面提到过的名词。如:the weather here is warmer than that in shanghai.这里的天气比上海的暖和。表示倍数的比较如:this room is three times bigger than that one.这个房间比那个大3倍。最高级的用法形容词最高级前一定要用the,副词最高级前可省略the。有范围(in,of,among或从句等)修饰的用最高级。如:winter is the coldest season of the year.冬季是一年里最冷的季节。this is the best film that i have ever seen.这是我所看过的最好的电影。“主语beone of the形容词最高级复数名词in/of短语”表示“是中最之一”。如:beijing is one of the largest cities in china.北京是中国最大的城市之一。选择疑问句中用于三者或三者以上的比较。如:which country is the largest,china,brazil or canada?哪一个国家最大,中国,巴西还是加拿大?which season do you like (the) best,spring,summer or autumn?你最喜欢哪一个季节,春天,夏天还是秋天?表示“第几个最”时,用“the序数词最高级名词单数”的结构。如:the yellow river is the second longest river in china.黄河是中国第二长河。【例5】【2013,河南】my grandpa told a good story,but i told a _ one.agood bbetter cbest dworse解析:由前半句句意“我爷爷讲了一个好故事”可知,后半句句意为“但我讲了一个更好的”,两者比较用比较级。答案:_b_【例6】【2013,十堰】many boy students think math is _ english.i agree.im weak in english.amuch difficult than bso difficult ascless difficult than dmore difficult than解析:a选项中much常用来修饰比较级,此处后面跟原级,故排除。b选项的结构常常用在否定句中,故排除。根据题干i agree.im weak in english.可推知前句意为“大多数男学生认为数学没有英语难”。答案:_c_【要点强化】【例1】【2013,莱芜】fred is always _ because he often does something good for his health outdoors.aweak bnervous cserious denergetic解析:由后半句句意“因为他经常在户外做一些有益健康的事情”推知,前半句句意为“fred总是精力充沛”。weak“虚弱的”;nervous“紧张的”;serious“严肃的”;energetic“精力充沛的”。答案:_d_【例2】【2013,聊城】the baby is sleeping.please speak _.aloudly bclearly cquietly dpolitely解析:loudly意为“大声地,响亮地”;clearly意为“清楚地”;quietly意为“安静地,悄悄地”;politely意为“礼貌地”。句意为“那个宝宝正在睡觉,请悄悄地说”。答案:_c_【例3】【2013,河北】im sorry im late.i should get here 10 minutes _.aearly bearliercthe earlier dthe earliest解析:根据前句“im sorry im late.(很抱歉我迟到了。)可推知后句句意为“我应该早10分钟到达这儿。”指的是与现在相比较更早些,故用比较级。注意,除非明确指两者中“较(更)的一个”,即两者进行比较时,或用在固定句式中,否则比较级前不能加the。答案:_b_【例4】【2013,济宁】he looks much _ without sunglasses.awell bgood cbest dbetter解析:much修饰形容词的比较级,表示比较的程度,意为“得多”。句意为“不戴太阳镜,他看上去好得多。”答案:_d_1.【2013天津】25. mr smith thinks running is _than gymnastics. a. very popular b. more popular c. most popular d. the most popular【答案】b【解析】考查形容词的比较等级。从than知,本句中应用形容词或副词比较级。而多音节形容词比较级的构成是在其前加more。故选b。句意:mr smith认为跑步比体操更受欢迎。2.【2013陕西】27.its one of the_ things in the world to stay with friends.i agree. it always makes us relaxed. a. worse b. happiest c. busiest d. hardest 【答案】b【解析】考查比较等级。句意:和朋友们在一起是世界上最_的事情之一。根据句中的in the world 判断使用最高级,再根据句意判断使用形容词happy的最高级。3.【2013山东威海】29. the number of the students in our school is _ than _. a. much larger; that of no. 8 middle schoolb. more larger; that of no. 8 middle schoolc. much greeter, no. 8 middle schoold. more large; no. 8 middle school【答案】a【解析】考查形容词辨析和比较级用法用法。句意:我们学校的学生比第八中学的学生更多。表示数量多少应该用large和small,large的比较级为larger,比较级前可以用much来修饰,在比较结构中,为了避免重复,常用that替代前面提到的单数词。故选a。4.【2013江苏淮安】6. of all the subjects, english is _ for me. a. interesting b. more interestingc. the most interesting d. much more interesting【答案】c【解析】考查形容词的最高级。由句中的of all the subjects“在所有科目中”知, 用形容词的最高级, 所以选择c。5.【2013江苏淮安】4.lets go on a picnic this weekend, ok?that sounds_. a. great b. well c. hardly d. terribly【答案】a【解析】考查单词在语境中的辨析。great形容词“好的”, well副词“好”, hardly副词“几乎不”, terribly副词“非常糟糕地”。sound是系动词, 后接形容词作表语, 所以选择a。6.【2013江苏常州】5. he offered valuable advice that people disagreed.a. such; a fewb. such; fewc. so; a fewd. so; few【答案】b7.【2013浙江杭州】26. there has never been such a beautiful village _ in the world.a. anywhereb. everywherec. somewhered. nowhere【答案】a【解析】本题考查合成副词的用法。由never可知,本句表示否定意义,又由句意“在世界上没有任何一个像这样漂亮的山村”可知,用anywhere“任何地方”。故选a。8.【2013山东菏泽】12. the world health organization has given some advice on _to protect us from being infected(感染) with h7n9. a. how b. what c. where d. when【答案】a【解析】考查疑问副词。句意:世界卫生组织就如何保护我们不被感染给出了一些建议。9.【2013山东青岛】12. it is _ that mr. guo sailed across the world by himself _ within about 130 daysa. terrified, successfulb. scary, successfullyc. amazing, successfully d. convincing, successful12.【答案】 c【解析】考查形容词、副词的用法。由动词sailed知道用副词修饰,故排除a, d ,amazing“令人惊异的”,scary“吓人的”,所以选择答案c。10.【2013福建福州】34. dad. would you please drive _? no hurry. we have enough time before the plane takes off.faster b. more slowly c. more carefully【答案】a【解析】选a。考查比较级的用法。faster更快地;slowly更慢地;carefully比较仔细地请。又句意为:爸爸,你开得快一点,好吗?不急,飞机起飞前,我们有足够的时间。故选a项。【新题预测】【上海市虹口区2014年中考二模】32. when the father heard from his son from abroad, he became _.a) exciting b) happily c) happiness d) excited【答案】d【上海市虹口区2014年中考二模】33. jd.com is one of _ shopping

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