陕西省咸阳市高考英语阅读理解（6）.doc

陕西省咸阳市2014高考英语阅读理解（6）及答案 【2014高考英语安徽省六校联考】ci once had a house guest from cuba.during his visit, i happened to throw an old broken blender (搅拌机) in the trash. the next day it was sitting on my counter in working order. in his world, people simply cannot afford to replace an item which doesnt work properly. they take the time and figure out how to fix it. in cuba, they are still driving cars from the 1960s, mainly because they do not have a choice. in contrast, the u.s. is a “throw-away society.” statistics show that each american produces six pounds of trash per day.i believe a combination of factors has contributed to this phenomenon.“planned obsolescence(废弃)” is not a secret. it is a manufacturing (制造业) philosophy developed in the 1920s and 1930s, when mass production became popular.the goal is to make a product or part that will fail, or become less desirable over time or after a certain amount of use. this pressures the consumer to buy again.planned obsolescence does keep costs down.instead of making an expensive product that will last a long time, businesses produce more affordable, disposable(一次性的) items. some electronic items have become so inexpensive that it is cheaper to replace them than to repair them.busy people often value their time and convenience more than money. if a car starts to have mechanical problems, replacing it with a newer, more reliable model may be more appealing than tolerating it being in the garage for a week.in addition, advertising trains consumers to want what is new and improved. it convinces them that the more they have, the happier they will be. unlike people in many developing countries, we live in a world of abundance. a study by dr. timothy jones of the university of arizona also found that in the u.s., 40-50 percent of all food ready for harvest is wasted.abundance and waste soon became closely associated in the american way of life.64. in cuba, people usually fix a broken item instead of buying a new one because _. a. wasting is prohibited thereb. they are poor c. they are interested in fixing thingsd. they live a low-carbon life65. according to the article, planned obsolescence _. a. began before mass production became popular b. is intended to encourage consumers to buy more things c. results in higher prices of items d. requires factories to produce high-quality products66. which of the following is not true about the “throw-away society” in the u.s.? a. people prefer to buy a new blender rather than repair the broken one. b. a large quantity of food has been wasted. c. people believe that the more they have, the happier they will be. d. people all hold the belief that money comes first.67. what may be the writers attitude towards a throw-away society? a. supportive.b. critical.c. tolerant.d. optimistic.【参考答案】6467 bbdb 6871 cbcc 7275 badb【2014高考英语安徽省六校联考】dxian china has introduced various emergency responses and long-term measures against air pollution in the central and eastern regions.the air quality index (aqi) for xian reached 500 on wednesday afternoon, at the top of the aqi scale, according to the national air quality monitoring website. xian weather forecasters predict the smog (雾霾) will continue for the next week and air pollution may worsen.“i have to keep buying masks for my family,” said liu, buying masks at a pharmacy (药店) near her home in downtown xian. “this is the only thing we can do to protect ourselves.”on wednesday, a city government emergency response plan was put into action, suspending all construction and taking at least 50 percent of government vehicles off the road. power plants must limit their output and reduce emissions. nearly half the country, more than 100 cities in 20 provinces, has suffered from smog since last december. many have taken action, including experimenting with artificial methods to reduce smog, limiting vehicle use and fining polluters.assessments based on gdp alone were abandoned last month and more emphasis has been put on public well-being and the environment. whether the move will be effective in forcing local governments consider environmental issues over economic growth remains to be seen. environmental protection professionals are doubtful about the immediacy of the effects of these measures.xiao hang, an urban researcher at the chinese academy of sciences, said it took london 50 years to lose the moniker (绰号) “foggy london town”, and los angeles still struggles to control its photochemical (光化学) smog. “we cant ignore environmental problems during the development process and china has a long way to go,” he said.68. what would be the best title for the article? a. aqi for xian reached 500 b. smog crisis tries the limits of peoples patience c. smoggy chinese cities to clear the air d. dust masks become hot sellers69. the underlined word “suspending” in paragraph 4 can be replaced by _. a. encouragingb. stoppingc. continuingd. expanding70. we can infer from the article that _. a. china is the only country suffering from smog b. environmental professionals believe the air quality will soon be improved with these measures c. assessments based on gdp alone were harmful to environmental protection d. xian was the most polluted city in china71. what xiao hang said indicates _. a. london still has serious air pollution after 50 years of effort b. the development of china is more important c. solving environmental problems requires great effort d. its normal for china to have environmental problems【参考答案】6871 cbcc 【2014高考英语广东省中山市华侨中学二模试题】dsparrow is a fast-food chain with 200 restaurants. some years ago, the group to which sparrow belonged was taken over by another company. although sparrow showed no sign of declining, the chain was generally in an unhealthy state. with more and more fast-food concepts reaching the market, the sparrow menu had to struggle for attention. and to make matters worse, its new owner had no plans to give it the funds it required.sparrow failed to grow for another two years. until a new ceo, carl pearson, decided to build up its market share. he did a survey, which showed that consumers who already used sparrow restaurants were extremely positive about the chain, while customers of other fast-food chains were unwilling to turn away fromthem. sparrow had to develop a new promotional campaign.pearson faced a battle over the future of the sparrow brand. the chains owner now favored rebranding sparrow as marcys restaurants. pearson resisted, arguing for an advertising campaign designed to convince customers that visits to sparrow restaurants were fun. such an attempt to establish a positive relationship between a company and the general public was unusual for that time. pearson strongly believed that numbers were the key to success, rather than customers speeding power. finally, the owner accepted his idea.the campaign itself changed the traditional advertising style of the fast-food industry. the tv ads of sparrow focused on entertainment and featured original songs performed by a variety of stars. instead of showing the superiority of a specific product, the intension was to put sparrow in the hearts of potential customers.pearson also made other decisions which he believed would contribute to the new sparrow image. for example, he offered to lower the rent of any restaurants which achieved a certain increase in their turnover (营业额). these efforts paid off, and sparrow soon became one of the most successful fast-food chains in the regions where it operated.41. which was one of the problems sparrow faced before pearson became ceo?a. the number of its customers was decliningb. its customers found the food unhealthyc. it was in need of financial supportd. most of its restaurants were closed42. what does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 2 refer to?a. customers of sparrow restaurants b. sparrow restaurantsc. customers of other fast-food chains d. other fast-food chains43. for what purpose did pearson start the advertising campaign?a. to build a good relationship with the publicb. to stress the unusual tradition of sparrowc. to learn about customers spending power.d. to meet the challenge from marcys restaurants.44. the tv ads of sparrow _.a. changed peoples views on pop starsb. amused the public with original songsc. focused on the superiority of its productsd. influenced the eating habits of the audience45. what was pearsons achievement as a ceo?a. he managed to pay off sparrows debts.b. he made sparrow much more competitivec. he helped sparrow take over a companyd. he improved the welfare of sparrow employees【参考答案】41-45. cdabbpassage twenty (ncb in interpol)the organization known to the world as interpol has sometimes been described as an outfit of chisel-jawed gimlet-eyed crime fighters who put their lives in jeopardy every working hour. less flatteringly, interpol has also been described as a huge filing cabinet, stuffed with clerks choking on their own statistics.as with most generalities, there is some truth in both statements. there are, certainly, some grim battlers of crime to be found working with interpol. there are, just as surely, those drones shuffling mountains of paper whose cheeks are sallow from indoor life. consider the charisma of the name alone: interpol, the international police force. continents leaped in a single bound, oceans crossed in the space of a breath, villains watched by eyes that never sleep. surprisingly, a lot of it happens almost that way.four groups coordinate and direct the activities of interpol. one of them is the national central bureaus, or ncbs, bodies designated by the member nations to serve as their link with interpol. these are the front-line troops, the action people. in the united states, the treasury department is the national central bureau. in the united kingdom, it is scotland yard; the questura in italy and the melbourne city police in australia. because police organization varies from country, the ncbs were established to act as the one special group to handle interpol chores and unsure maximum cooperation between nations. each ncb is usually an official government body with police powers if a country has only one central police authority, that body becomes the national centre bureau. of course, any service appointed as an ncb is bound to its nations law and authority and retains its national title.each ncb is connected by radio to the regional station for its geographic zone. the regional stations are connected to the central station in france. the radio network is versatile. network stations can monitor the central station or any regional station. because of this messages can be broadcast to more than one station at a time. a coding system determines the urgency of each message so that those with high priority can be given precedence. besides, other communication tools, such as radio-teleprinters and phototelegraphy equipment. permit rapid transfers of fingerprints and photographs. sometimes ever more advanced technology is employed. when the police all over the world were looking for a canadian named george leray, they turned to the early bird satellite. leray had led his gang on a daring holdup of a montreal bank and gotten away with $4 million. scotland yard broadcast lerays photo to the world by satellite. an american who saw the picture in florida recognized leray as a man who was living on a yacht in fort lauderdale under an assumed name. the police were alerted and arrested leray.1. what is the best title for this passage?a. the function of the interpol. . the quality of the interpol.c. the organization of the interpol. d. the rapid development of the interpol.2. the organization of this passage is a. general to specific. . cause and effect.c. comparison and contrast. d. development.3. the sentence “stuffed with clerks choking on their own statistics” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to a. a lot of employees busying in their work. many office workers busying with various documents.c. crowded with office workers busying with their own collected data.d. workers busying in their own information.4. which is the easiest tool to communicate?a. satellite. . radio. teleprinter. d. phototelegraphy.vocabulary1. interpol 国际刑警组织2. outfit 全班人马，有组织团体3. chisel-jawed 仪表英俊的4. gimlet-eyed 目光锐利的5. jeopardy 危险6. flatteringly 奉承7. choke 闷死 choking on their own statistics 被自己的统计数字弄的喘不过气来8. as with most generalities 和大多数笼统说法一样9. grim 冷酷的10. drone 懒汉，懒洋洋的人11. shuffle 反复挪动，乱翻，洗（纸牌）12. charisma 超凡的魅力13. national central bureaus 国家中心局14. treasury department 财政部（美）15. questura 警察局（意）16. melbourne 墨尔本警察局17. chore 日常零星工作18. to be bound to 受的约束，义务，一定19. geographic zone 地区，地带20. versatile 有多方面用途的21. radio-teleprinter 无线电打印机22. phototelegraph 传真23. daring 大胆的24. holdup 抢劫25. alert 使警惕，使处于待命状态难句译注1. the organization known to the world as interpol has sometimes been described as an outfit of chisel-jawed gimlet-eyed crime fighters who put their lives in jeopardy every working hour. less flatteringly, interpol has also been described as