高中英语必修一M4单词讲解.doc

survey v 1 look carefully at all of (sth/sb), esp from a distance 仔细全面地观察（某物某人）（尤指自远处）: surveying the crowds from a balcony 从阳台上观望人群 survey the countryside from the top of a hill 从山顶上眺望郊野 She surveyed me haughtily over the top of her glasses. 她傲慢地从眼镜的上方向我审视. 2 study (and describe) the general condition of (sth) 全面研究（及论述）（某事物）: a speech in which she surveyed the international situation 她概括论述国际局势的讲话 In this book, the author surveys recent developments in linguistics. 作者在本书中概述了语言学目前的发展情况. 3 find and record the area and features of (a piece of land) by measurement and/or calculation (eg using trigonometry) 测量, 勘察, 勘测（土地）: survey a plot of land for building 勘测一建筑用地. 4 (Brit) examine (a building, etc) to make sure its structure is in good condition 检查（建筑物等）（鉴定其结构状况）: have a house surveyed before deciding to buy it 买房子要先鉴定质量再决定购买与否. 5 investigate the behaviour, opinions, etc of (a group of people), usu by questioning them 调查（某部分人）的行为、 意见等（通常以询问方式进行）: Of the five hundred householders surveyed, 40% had dishwashers. 在接受调查的五百家住户中, 40% 有洗碗机. n 1 general view, examination or description 全面的观察、 检查或论述; 审视; 概观; 概论: A quick survey of the street showed that no one was about. 扫视街道, 空无一人. a survey of the situation, subject 对情况、 问题的概括论述 a comprehensive survey of modern music 现代音乐综述. 2 act of surveying (survey v 3); map or record of this 测量; 勘测; 测量图; 勘测记录: an aerial survey, ie made by taking photographs from an aircraft 航空测量照片. 3 (Brit) examination of the condition of a house, etc （房屋等的）结构状况检查, 查勘, 鉴定. 4 act of surveying (survey v 5); investigation （对部分人的行为、 意见等的）调查: a public opinion survey 民意调查 Surveys show that 75% of people approve of the new law. 民意测验表明, 75% 的人赞成新颁布的法规.neighbourhood (US neighborhood) n 1 CGp (people living in a) district; area near a particular place 地区; 某地区的人; 与某处邻近的地区: She is liked by the whole neighbourhood. 邻近的人都喜爱她. We live in a rather rich neighbourhood. 我们住在很富裕的住宅区. Theres some beautiful scenery in our neighbourhood. 我们附近有几处景色很美. We want to live in the neighbourhood of London. 我们想住在伦敦附近. 2 (idm 习语) in the neighbourhood of approximately 大约: a sum in the neighbourhood of 500 大约500英镑的一笔款.local adj esp attrib 尤作定语 1 belonging to a particular place or district 地方的; 本地的; 地区的: Following the national news we have the local news and weather. 国内新闻之后是本地新闻和天气报告. the local farmer, doctor, shopkeeper, etc 当地的农民、 医生、 店主等 local knowledge, ie detailed knowledge of an area that one gets esp by living there 地方知识（尤指居住当地而知其详者） Shes a local girl, ie from this area. 她是本地姑娘. a local train/bus, ie not long-distance 本地的火车公共汽车. n 1 (usu pl 通常作复数) inhabitant of a particular place or district 本地人; 当地人: The locals tend to be suspicious of strangers. 当地人对陌生人往往有戒心. suburb n (esp residential) district outside the central part of a town or city （城镇的）郊区; （尤指）城郊住宅区: an industrial suburb 城郊工业区 a suburb of Naples 那不勒斯市郊 live in the suburbs, ie in such a district 住在市郊 the inner/outer suburbs 近远郊 a dormitory suburb, ie one from which people travel elsewhere to work 市内工作者的郊外住宅区. suburban adj 1 of or in a suburb 城郊的; 在郊区的; 城郊住宅区的: a suburban street, shop, newspaper 郊区的街道、 商店、 报纸. attractive adj having the power to attract(2a); pleasing or interesting 有吸引力的; 诱人的; 使人愉快的; 引起兴趣的: I dont find him at all attractive. 我觉得他一点儿也不讨人喜欢. Your proposal sounds very attractive. 你的建议很动听. goods for sale at attractive prices 价钱低廉诱人的货物. attractively adv: attractively arranged, displayed, presented, etc 诱人地摆着, 陈列着, 展示着等. attractiveness n U.fortunatea. 1. 幸运的,侥幸的+to-v(+in)+thatIt is fortunate that we can all meet tomorrow. 我们明天都能见面了,真是幸运。 Hes fortunate in having a good job. 他真幸运,有份好工作。 I feel fortunate to have met them. 我觉得很幸运能见到他们。 2. 带来幸运的He came at a very fortunate time. 他来得恰是时候。 That is a fortunate start. 那是个良好的开端。 pretty adj (-ier, -iest) 1 pleasing and attractive, without being beautiful or magnificent 漂亮的, 可爱的, 精致的（并非华丽的或堂皇的）: a pretty child, pattern, tune 可爱的孩子、 好看的花样、 好听的曲调 a pretty (ie effeminate-looking) boy 俊俏的男孩儿 What a pretty dress! 多漂亮的连衣裙哪! She looks very pretty in that hat. 她戴着那顶帽子真是漂亮极了. The bodies of the victims were not a pretty sight. 这些受害者的尸体惨不忍睹. adv 1 fairly or moderately 相当; 颇: The situation seems pretty hopeless. 这情况似乎没有多大希望了. She seemed pretty satisfied with the result. 她对那结果似乎相当满意.sound adj 1 in good condition; not hurt, diseased, injured or damaged 完好的; 健康的; 健全的; 无损伤的: have sound teeth 牙齿结实 have a sound mind, ie not mentally ill 心智健全 a sound constitution 强健的体质 a house built on sound foundations 地基坚实的房子. 2 based on reason, sense or judgement; dependable 合理的; 明智的; 正确的; 稳妥的: a sound argument, policy, etc 正确的论据、 政策等 sound advice 忠告 a sound business firm 信誉好的公司 Is he sound on state education? ie Are his views well founded, officially acceptable, etc? 他对国家教育的见解有道理吗? 3 usu attrib 通常作定语 (of sleep or a sleeper) deep, peaceful and uninterrupted （指睡眠）酣的, 香甜的, 不中断的; （指睡觉的人）酣睡的: be a sound sleeper 睡得很沉 a sound nights sleep 睡一夜好觉. 6 (idm 习语) safe and sound = safe1. (as) sound as a bell in perfect condition 健康的; 完好的: The doctor said I was as sound as a bell. 医生说我身体很好. adv (idm 习语) be/fall sound asleep be/become deeply and peacefully asleep 酣睡着安然入睡. soundly adv in a sound manner; thoroughly and fully 健全地; 充分地; 彻底地; 稳健地: a soundly based argument 有充分根据的论点 be soundly beaten at chess 下棋一败涂地 sleep soundly 酣睡. soundness n U: the soundness of her advice 她的劝告的正确性 the soundness of his performance 他表演的娴熟. sound n 1 U sensation detected by the ear, caused by the vibration of the air surrounding it 声; 声音: an experiment to measure the speed at which sound travels 测定声速的试验 Sound travels more slowly than light. 声速低于光速. 2 C, U thing that produces such a sensation; thing that can be heard 声音; 声响: the sound of the wind, sea, a car, voices, breaking glass 风、 大海、 汽车、 人们说话、 打碎玻璃的声音 the sound of music 音乐声 I heard a strange sound outside. 我听到外面有一种奇怪的声音. He crept upstairs without a sound, ie noiselessly. 他悄悄地上了楼. vowel sounds, eg / u:, Q, E/ 元音（如 /u:/、 /Q/、 /E/）. sound v 1 (a) give a specific impression when heard 听起来; 似乎: That music sounds beautiful. 那音乐优美动听. His voice sounded hoarse. 他说话声音嘶哑. His explanation sounds reasonable. 他解释得听起来合情合理. His excuse sounds unconvincing. 他说的理由好像不可信. She sounds just the person we need for the job. 听起来她正是我们需要的人, 适合做这事儿. 2 (a) produce a sound from (sth); make (esp a musical instrument) produce a sound 用（某物）发出声音; 使（尤指乐器）发出声音: sound a trumpet 吹喇叭 The bell is sounded every hour. 那个钟每小时响一次. (b) give out a sound 发出声音; 作响: The trumpet sounded. 喇叭吹响了. The A key on this piano wont sound, ie No sound is produced when the key is struck. 这钢琴上的A键按下去不响. 3 give (a signal) by making a sound; announce 用声音发（信号）; 发布: sound a note of alarm/danger/warning 发出警报危险信号/警告信号 sound the alarm, eg by ringing a bell 发警报（如按响电铃） 4 esp passive 尤用于被动语态 (fml 文) pronounce (sth) 发出（某事物）的声音: You dont sound the h in hour. hour中的h不发音. The b in dumb isnt sounded. dumb中的b不发音. tourist n 1 person who is travelling or visiting a place for pleasure 旅行者; 旅游者; 观光客: London is full of tourists in the summer. 在夏季伦敦有很多游客. attrib 作定语 a tourist agency 旅行社. bother v 1 (a) sb (about/with sth) cause trouble or annoyance to sb; pester sb 打扰或烦扰某人; 给某人添麻烦: Im sorry to bother you, but could you tell me the way to the station? 对不起打扰一下, 请问去车站怎么走? Does the pain from your operation bother you much? 你手术后疼得很难受吗? Does my smoking bother you? 我吸烟会不会影响你? Dont bother your father (about it) now; hes very tired. 现在别（拿这个）去打搅你父亲, 他很累了. Hes always bothering me to lend him money. 他老是闹着要我借给他钱. (b) worry (sb) 使（某人）不安: Whats bothering you? 你愁什么呢? Dont let his criticisms bother you. 别因为他批评你而感到烦恼. The problem has been bothering me for weeks. 那问题已经困扰了我几个星期. It bothers me that he can be so insensitive. 他这样麻木不仁, 我心里很不痛快. 2 (a) take the time or trouble (to do sth) （为做某事物）费工夫, 添麻烦: Shall I help you with the washing up? Dont bother Ill do it later. 要不要我帮你洗碗碟?不用麻烦了-我待一会儿洗.He didnt even bother to say thank you. 他甚至连说一声谢谢都不肯. n 1 U trouble; inconvenience 麻烦; 不便: a spot of bother 不便之处 Did you have much bother finding the house? 你找到这所房子费劲吗? Thanks for your help! It was no bother. 谢谢你的帮助! 没什么. Im sorry to have put you to all this bother, ie to have caused you so much inconvenience. 真抱歉给你添了这么多的麻烦. 2 a bother sing annoying thing; nuisance 恼人的事物; 讨厌的事物: What a bother! Weve missed the bus. 真恼人! 我们误了公共汽车. nuisance n thing, person or behaviour that is troublesome or annoying 令人讨厌的事物、 人、 行为: You are a confounded nuisance. Stop pestering me. 你这个可恶的东西. 别再缠着我了. The noise was so loud that it was a nuisance to the neighbours. 那声音大得让邻居讨厌.rent n 1 U, C regular payment made for the use of land, premises, a telephone, machinery, etc; sum paid in this way 租金; 地租; 房租; （电话、 机器等的）租赁费: owe three weeks rent/be three weeks behind with the rent 欠三个星期的租金 live in a house free of rent, ie without paying rent 住免缴租金的房子 Non-payment of rent can mean eviction. 不交租金就可能被赶出去. pay a high/low rent for farming land 缴纳耕地的高昂的低廉的地租 Rents are going up again. 租金又涨了. attrib 作定语 a rent book, agreement, collector 租金登记簿、 租赁协定、 收租人. 2 (idm 习语) for rent (esp US) available to be rented 供租用的; 招租的. v 1 sth (from sb) pay for the occupation or use of (land, premises, a telephone, machinery, etc) 租借或租用（土地、 房屋、 电话、 机器等）: rent a holiday cottage from an agency 向代理公司租用度假村舍 Do you own or rent your video? 你的录像机是自己的呢, 还是租来的? 2 sth (out) (to sb) allow sb to occupy or use (land, premises, a telephone, machinery, etc) in return for payment 将（土地、 房屋、 电话、 机器等）出租给某人: Mr Hill rents this land (out) to us at 500 a year. 希尔先生把这块地租给我们, 租金每年500英镑. Will you rent me this television? 你把这台电视机租给我行吗? 3 (at/for sth) be let at a specified rent 以一定租金出租: The building rents at 3000 a year. 这座建筑物以每年 3000 英镑的租金出租. (US) an apartment renting for $900 a month 每月租金为 900 美元的一套公寓.district n 1 part of a country or town having a particular quality 地区; 区域: mountainous, agricultural, outlying, poor, gloomy districts 山区、 农业区域、 边远地区、 贫穷地区、 黑暗地区 the Lake District （英格兰西北部的）湖区. 2 area of a country or town treated as an administrative unit 行政区: a postal district 邮政区 rural and urban districts, ie units of local government 乡区和市区（地方行政单位）attrib 作定语 district councils 区议会.approach v 1 come near or nearer to (sb/sth) in space or time （在空间或时间上）接近, 靠近（某人某事物）: The time is approaching when we must think about buying a new house. 我们要想一想买新房子的事了, 时机即将来临. As you approach the town the first building you see is the church. 接近那座城镇的时候, 首先看到的就是教堂. 2 be similar in quality or character to (sb/sth) （在性质或特点上）接近（某人某事物）: Few writers even begin to approach Shakespeares greatness. 莎士比亚的伟大, 鲜有作家能望其项背. n 1 sing act of approaching 接近: Heavy footsteps signalled the teachers approach. 沉重的脚步声显示教师已经走近了. At her approach the children ran off. 她走近的时候, 孩子们都跑了. 2 C way leading to sth; path; road 通路; 进路; 道路: All the approaches to the palace were guarded by troops. 通往宫殿的所有道路都有部队把守. attrib 作定语 Police are patrolling the major approach roads to the stadium. 警察正在通往运动场的主要通路上巡逻. 3 C way of dealing with a person or thing 方法; 手段: a new approach to language teaching 语言教学的新方法. approachable adj 1 (of people or things) that can be approached （指人或物）可接近的 : The village is only approachable from the south. 这个村子只有从南边才能到达. 2 friendly and easy to talk to 和蔼可亲的.harbour (US harbor) n C, U 1 place of shelter for ships 港; 港口; 港湾: Several boats lay at anchor in the harbour. 港湾里停泊着几只船. We reached (the) harbour at sunset. 日落时我们抵达了港口. 2 (fig 比喻) place of safety or shelter 避难处; 庇护所.gorgeous adj 1 (infml 口) giving pleasure and satisfaction; wonderful 令人愉快而满意的; 极好的: a gorgeous meal 好吃的饭菜 gorgeous weather 宜人的天气. 2 (infml 口) very beautiful 非常漂亮的: gorgeous hair 十分好看的头发. 3 usu attrib 通常作定语 (esp rhet 尤作修辞) richly coloured; magnificent绚丽的; 辉煌的; 壮丽的: walls hung with gorgeous tapestries 挂着绚丽挂毯的墙壁. gorgeously adv: gorgeously dressed, decorated, etc 穿得、 装饰得.华丽.architecture n U 1 art and science of designing and constructing buildings 建筑学. 2 design or style of a building or buildings 建筑设计; 建筑风格: the architecture of the eighteenth century 十八世纪的建筑风格 Modern architecture depresses me. 现代的建筑设计使我感到很憋闷. architect n person who designs buildings and supervises their construction 建筑师; 设计师 : the architects plans for the new theatre 建筑师兴建新剧院的设计图 (fig 比喻) He was one of the principal architects of the revolution. 他是那次革命的一位发动者.starve v 1 (cause a person or an animal to) suffer severely or die from hunger （使人或动物）挨饿, 饿死: Thousands of cattle are starving. 成千上万的牛正在挨饿. starve to death 饿死 (infml 口) Shes starving herself to try to lose weight. 她正在用节食的办法减轻体重. 2 usu passive 通常用于被动语态 for sth; sb of sth (cause sb to) suffer or long for sth greatly needed or wanted; deprive sb of sth （使某人）得不到某事物而受苦或渴望获得某事物; 缺乏: children starving for/starved of affection 渴望受人疼爱的孩子 (fig 比喻) Industry is being starved of technical expertise. 工业界技术力量匮乏. 3 (infml 口) (used only in the continuous tenses 仅用于进行时态) feel very hungry 感觉很饿: Whats for dinner? Im starving! 晚饭吃什么? 我饿极了! park n 1 public garden or recreation ground in a town 公园: The children have gone to play in the park. 孩子们到公园玩耍去了. 2 enclosed area of grassland, usu planted with trees, attached to a large country house （乡间巨宅的）庭园, （通常指）园林. 3 (US) sports ground or playing-field 运动或游戏场地. 4 (in compounds 用以构成复合词) (large) area of land used for recreation by the public 公共游乐场地: a national park 国家公园 a safari park 野生动物园 an amusement park 游乐场. v 1 stop and leave (a vehicle) in a place for a time 停放（车）: Where can we park (the car)? 我们在哪儿可以停（车）啊? You cant park in this street. 这条街不准停车. You are/Your car is very badly parked. 你的汽车停放得很不好. 2 (infml 口) (a) leave (sb/sth) in a place for a time （暂时）留下（某人）; 寄存（某物）: Park your luggage here while you buy a ticket. 你去买票, 行李就先放在这儿吧. traffic n U 1 vehicles moving along a road or street 往来于街道的车辆; 交通: heavy/light traffic 往来车辆很多不多 Theres usually a lot of traffic at this time of day. 每天在这段时间往来车辆都很多. Traffic was brought to a standstill by the accident. 出了事故以后, 交通陷于停顿. London-bound traffic is being diverted via Slough. 开往伦敦的车辆现绕道经过斯劳. attrib 作定语 a traffic accident 交通事故.traffic jam situation in which vehicles cannot move freely and traffic comes to a standstill 交通阻塞. traffic-light (also stoplight) n (usu pl 通常作复数) automatic signal that controls road traffic, esp at junctions,by means of red, yellow and green lights 交通信号灯.committee n CGp group of people appointed (usu by a larger group) to deal with a particular matter （通常由较大团体所委派以处理某事务的）委员会: be/sit on a committee 任委员会委员 The committee has/have decided to dismiss him. 委员会已决定辞退他. the transport committee 运输委员会 This was discussed in committee, ie by the committee. 这事已经委员会讨论. attrib 作定语 a committee meeting, member, decision 委员会的会议、 成员、 决定. organization, organisation n 1 U (a) activity of organizing 组织的活动: Hes involved in the organization of a new club. 他参与了新俱乐部的组织工作. (b) condition or state of being organized 组织性; 系统性; 条理性: She is brilliant but her work lacks organization. 她很有才华,但工作缺乏条理. 3 C organized group of people; system 组织; 机构; 系统: all the local leisure organizations所有的地方康乐组织 The human body has a very complex organization. 人体是个非常复杂的机体.unemployed adj 1 temporarilywithout a paid job 未被雇用的; 失业的. household n 1 all the people (family, lodgers, etc) living together in a house 同住在一所房子里的人（家人、 房客等）; 一家人; 家庭: I grew up as part of a large household. 我是在一个大家庭里长大的. attrib 作定语 household (ie domestic) expenses, duties, goods 家庭的开销、 事务、 用品. 2 (idm 习语) a ,household name/word name of a person or thing that has become very well known because it is so often used 家喻户晓的名字或名称: The product was so successful that its name became a household word. 这一产品非常成功, 其名称已经家喻户晓.occupation n 1 U (a) action of occupying; state of being occupied (occupy 1) 居住; 占据: the occupation of a house by a family 某家庭在某房子中的居住. (b) taking and keeping possession 占领; 领有: a country under enemy occupation 被敌人占领的国家 an army of occupation 占领军. 2 C period of time during which a house, country, etc is occupied (occupy 1,2) 居住期; 占据期; 占有期; 占领期: their four-year occupation of the farm, that country 他们对该农场四年的占用期、 对该国四年的占领期. 3 C (a) (fml 文) job; employment 工作; 职业: Whats your occupation? Im a dancer. 你的职业是什么?我是跳舞的. Please state your name, age and occupation. 请说明姓名、 年龄和职业. (b) activity that occupies a persons (esp spare) time; pastime 占据某人时间的活动; （尤指）业余活动; 消遣: She has many occupations including gardening and wine-making. 她有许多消遣, 包括园艺和酿酒. His favourite occupation is reading. 他的业余爱好是看书. 4 U, C action of occupying a building, factory, etc as part of a political or other demonstration （对建筑物、 工厂等的）占领, 占据（作为政治等示威行动）.professional adj 1 (a) attrib 作定语 of or belonging to a profession 职业（上）的; 从事某职业的; 属于某专业的: professional associations, codes of practice, conduct 专业协会、 职业道德规范、 职业道德 You will need to seek professional advice about your claim for compensation. 你在索赔的问题上需要内行人士作指导. The doctor was accused of professional misconduct. 那医生被控有违行医