英语必修一知识点归纳.doc

Unit1.Friendship一 重点单词及短语I. upset心烦意乱的 ignore不理睬，忽视calm使（平静） concern使（担忧） outdoor户外的 dusk黄昏 thunder打雷，雷声 entire完全的 suffer遭受，忍受 loose松的 teenager青少年 suitcase手提箱 curtain窗帘 highway公路，大陆IIcalm sb down使某人平静 be concerned about担心，关心go through经历 set down记下，写下 a series of一连串的on purpose故意 in order to为了 at dusk在黄昏时刻settle down安家；定居 face to face面对面地 no longer；not any longer不再 suffer from illness患病 suffer loss遭受损失；忍受 recover from a cold从感冒中痊愈 pack something up捆扎，包扎 take part in参加 walk sb陪某人散步 walk the dog遛狗disagree with somebody不同意某人 get on/along well with somebody与某人相处很好 get /be tired of sb/sth对某人、某物厌烦 fall in love with爱上某人 be crazy about对迷恋 add up all the numbers加起来所有数字 add to the beauty增添了美丽 addto把加到里add up to 200共计200 have trouble/difficulty with sth在某事上有麻烦have trouble/difficulty in doing sth做某事有麻烦 get loose 松了have got to=have to 不得不 havent got to=dont have togo on holiday去度假 cheat in the exam作弊 happen to do碰巧做某事二，词形变化upsetupsetupset-upsetting; ignore-ignorant(adj，无知的)-ignorance（n,无知）；outdoor（adj，an outdoor hotel）outdoors（副词go outdoors）；entire-entirely（副词）；dust（名词，灰尘）-dusty（形容词，布满灰尘的）；Germany（形容词，德国的；德国人的）-German（名词，德国，德国人）；lonely（形容词，孤独的）-loneliness（名词，孤单）；exact(形容词，精确的)-exactly（副词）；likedislike（反义词）; go throughwent through-gone through(经历)三，重点单词讲解1. get sb to do sth，make/have sb do sth 让某人做某事get/make/have sb doing sth让某人一直做某事get/have/make sth done让别人来做这件事；某事被做I got my car repaired yeaterday. get my hair cut理头发 get my tooth pulled out拔牙2. ignore忽视（故意地），neglect忽略（不是故意的）3. should have done本该做但却没做；shouldnt have done本不该做却做了4. be concerned about关心，担忧； be concerned with与有关，参与The meeting was concerned _with_ reforms and everyone present was concerned _about_ their own interests.5. it is/wasthat/who强调句（1）区分强调句与定语从句，一要看去掉it is/wasthat/who之后句子完整不完整；二要看作用是强调句子的某一部分还是修饰句子某一部分，若是强调则为强调句，修饰则为定语从句比如：This is Monday when he met his classmates.(定语从句) 这就是他遇见他同学的那个周一。 It is on Monday that he met his classmates.(强调句) 就是在周一他遇见他同学的。（2）如是一般疑问句，强调结构用 “”Be itthat（who）?”,如果原句是特殊疑问句，则用“特殊疑问词+be+itthat(who)?”Is it at the end of 2001 that China joined WTO?When is it at the end of 2001 that China joined WTO?(3) 如原句中含有“notuntil”,强调时，将not 连状语一起强调It was not until she took off her hat that I recognized her.(4)人称，时态要保持一致It is Tom that/who helps me solve the problem.It was you who had the book. 6. 区分dare实义动词与情态动词的用法实义动词： dare/dares/dared to do, doesnt /didnt/dont dare to do 不定式结构，且dare 随人称变化情态动词： dare do, dare not do 不带to，且dare不随人称变化，但有dared do/ dared not do 就像can，may一样，它也有过去式7. It is the first time that sb has/have done sth这是某人第一次做什么事It was the first time that sb had done sth.8. in order to 用于句首，句中， so as to只用于句中9. take part in， join， attend， join in区别join+群体 （join the army参军，join them加入他们，join the Party入党）join in+竞赛，娱乐，活动take part in参加群众性活动并起积极作用。 比如，I took part in the Sports Meeting and won the first.Attend正式的，参加会议，婚礼等，attending the meeting, wedding ceremony10. 省略a. When seen from the top of the building, the buses looks small.b. While walking through the park, we saw a fine flower show.当主句和从句主语一致时，可省略。如果是主动，就用现在分词；被动就用过去分词。a句原句是when the bus is seen from the top of the building, the buses looks small.把从句里的主语和be动词去掉，就剩seen。B句原句是while we were walking through the park，we saw a fine flower show。把从句中的主语和be动词去掉，剩walking 所以，如是主动从句中就用现在分词，被动就用过去分词11. it is no pleasure doing sth.做没乐趣 it is no fun doing sth做没乐趣it is no use doing sth做没用it is no good doing sth做没好处12. sb think/find it +adj+ to do sth某事发现做某事I found it easy to learn English. 四，直接引语，间接引语I. 三变化 a. 人称变化 I told him, “I dont agree with you.” I told him that I didnt agree with him. b. 时态变化 如主句中是一般现在是或将来时，则间接引语中的时态不变；如果是过去式，则需做下列变化： 一般现在时-一般过去时 现在进行时-过去进行时 现在完成时-过去完成时 一般过去时-过去完成时 一般将来时-过去将来时 过去完成时不变 c.指示代词， thisthat； thesethose时间状语，nowthen; today-that day; tonight-that night; tomorrowthe next day; yesterday-the day before; next week-the next week地点状语, herethere及方向性动词变化,bringtake, comego II. 直接引语变间接引语“三不变”（1） 客观真理He said, “Light travels much faster than sound.”-He said that light travels much faster than sound.(2) 直接引语中有明确时间He said, “I was born in 1990 in Beijing.”-He said that he was born in 1990 in Beijing.(3) 名人名言He said, “Where there is a will, there is a way.”-He said that where there is a will, there is a way. III. 疑问句（1）一般疑问句中，用whether或if引导，陈述语序，如是said改为asked She said, “Is your father at home?”-She asked whether/ if my father was at home.(2) 特殊疑问句中，特殊疑问词+陈述语序My friend asked me, “What do you do every morning?”-My friend asked me what I did do every morning.(3)祈使句转化为间接引语时，使变成带to的不定式She said to us, “Please sit down.”-She told us to sit down.Unit2. English around the world一， 重点单词及短语I. elevator电梯 petrol汽油 voyage航海 native本国的，本地的adj；n,本地人 usage用法 vocabulary词汇 recognize认出request请求 expression表达，词语 block街区 lightning闪电accent口音 standard标准 dialect方言 latter后者 identity身份II. more than one kind不止一种 around the world全世界 a number of 大量 the number of的数量 come up 走近；被提出；出现，发生 at present目前，现在 be present在场的，出席的 such as例如 make use of sth to do sth利用某物做某事 even if/though即使 instead of而不是 believe it or not信不信由你 play a part/role in sth/doing sth在起作用，扮演一个角色have a good command of sth精通某事 request sb to do sth请求某人做某事base sth on sth把某物基于某物 be native to特有的，原产于二，词形变化Office(n,办公室)-official（adj,官方的，正式的）-official（n,政府官员）actually（adv，实际上，事实上）-actual（adj，实际的）gradual(adj)-gradually(adv,逐渐地) fluent(adj)-fluently(adv流利地)frequent（adj）-frequently(adv,频繁地) command（n掌握，命令）-commander(n,指挥员，司令员) straight(adj直的a straight road)straight(adv直接go straight) easteastern（东方的）二， 重点单词讲解1. suggest用法suggest (sb) doing或suggest+that （should）do虚拟语气The teacher_me to have a try.A. warn B. suggested C. hoped D. asked分析：warn sb of sth/ warn sb against doing 警告某人不要做某事 Hope to do 不加sb suggest sb doing 只有ask sb to do sth 故为D其他用虚拟的词，一个“渴望”（desire） 两个“劝告”（advise，recommend） 三个“命令”（command，direct，order） 四个“要求”（ask，demand，request，require）2. by the way顺便说一下, on ones way在某人去的路上, in the way挡道, in a way以一个方式，in some ways在一些方面3. make use of sth to do sth利用某物做某事sth be made use of to do sth某物可用来做某事what use can sth be made use of to do sth用某物可以来做什么 4. no such+thing as没有像样的东西 no such+ man as没有像样的人 5. at the end of+ time, sth在末尾 by the end of+time截止到 （时态用完成时） in the end最终 at an end结束（The class is at an end.） 6. a number of +可数 Plenty of, a lot of, lots of+可数/不可数 a great deal of, a large amount of+不可数 7. come up走近，被讨论，发生，出现 The question came up in the meeting. (主动形式，表被讨论的意思) Come across a friend邂逅朋友 come out 开花，出版The newspaper comes out every week. Come up with a question 提出，想出问题 8，such as后加多个例子，前面不能有逗号，for example一个例子，且for example前面可有，或位于两，之间 9.more than+ n “不仅仅” You are more than a writer.=You are not only a writer. More than+ adj “非常” I am more than happy to help you. More than+number “超过” The students are more than 50. 10. voyage海上航行 travel 一系列旅行，从一个地方到另一个 tour观光游览 journey陆地上的远途旅行 Her wish is to have a round-the-world_. 应为tour，因为roundtheworld世界巡回旅行，侧重旅游观光 11. however然而；无论怎样 However比but语气弱，可位于句首，句中和句末，可用逗号隔开，但but通常只用于句首，不可有逗号 You have not told us your opinion. You can,_, make it clear now. A. but B, and C, however D. or 分析：句意“但你必须说清楚”，but不可有逗号，故C I will try to do however hard it is.=I will try to do no matter how hard it is. 12. the way to do , the way of doing They have no way_with KateA. to communicate B. to communicating C. communicate D.communicating 分析：way to do sth 和way of doing意思都为“的方法”，故A四. 易错题（1）Everybody has_to play_our environment.A. a part, to protect B. a role, in protectingC. part, in protecting D. a role, to protect分析：play a part/role in dong sth 故为B （2）This is the main use that the scientists make_of natural resources. A. it B. which C. use D. / 分析：这是个定语从句，use是先行词，从that到最后是定语从句，make use of natural resources,定语从句中少use，宾语，故用that，而that作宾语时可省，故为D（2） The dictionary cost me 8yuan, postage（邮资）_A includes B. is include C. including D. included应为D，邮资被包括在内，故为过去分词 Unit 3. Travel Journal一 重点单词及词汇I.transport运输 organize组织 beneath在下面 reliable可信赖的， stubborn顽固的，固执的 forecast预测transportation交通 view风景，观点 although虽然，尽管as usual照常， flame火焰II. persuade sb into doing sth说服某人做某事 graduate from school从学校毕业 determine to do决心做某事 make up ones mind to do sth决定做某事 change ones mind改变主意 care about关心，忧虑, care for喜爱，喜欢，照顾，赡养， take care of照顾，照料prefer to do rather than do, prefer doing to doing, prefer A to Bbe excited about因而激动 think about/of考虑 dream of/about sth/doing sth梦想某事、梦想做某事 at an altitude of在的高度get sb interested in使某人对感兴趣 at midnight在午夜stay awake不睡觉二，词形变化bendbentbent弯腰， final(adj)finally(adv最终), carrycarriedcarried-carrying, grow-grew-grown成长，种植planplanedplaned cycle(v骑车)cyclist（骑自行车的人）-cycledcycled-cycling三，重点词汇讲解1. Give up放弃， give in让步，屈服， give in to sb向某人屈服，give away分发，赠送， give out=give off发光，发热2. On指从一个地方到另个地方（表面）, across， through穿过，通过（内部）3. Fare交通费用, cost成本，代价（production cost）,value商品的价值,fee学费，咨询费，家教费用等4. Persuade, advisePersuade说服成功，如说服没成功，则是try to persuade或advise(建议)Persuade sb to do sth= persuade sb into doing sth说服某人做某事, persuade sb not to sth=persuade sb out of doing sth说服某人不要做某事, persuade sb of sth说服某人相信某事5. 主语+be+adj+to do结构You were silly not to have locked your car.因为动作是过去了，所以用现在完成时。6. Since, ever since+时间，主句里用完成时Since I graduated from school, we have never met each other.7. Insist两个意思，坚持说和坚持要求，如果意思是坚持说则从句时态随主句变化，如是坚持要求，则用should+do虚拟Insist on/upon sth/doing sth坚持某事，坚持做某事Mary was ill. Her parents insisted that she (should) see a doctor.坚持要求He insisted that he hadnt stolen the girls handbag.坚持说 8. make up ones mind 下定决心read ones mind 看出某人的心思speak ones mind 直言不讳give/ put ones mind 专心于keepin mind 记住三， 语法将来时几种表达方法1. will/shall表将来，表意愿 I will go to watch movie.2. 现在进行时表将来时，像come, go, do, start, have, leave, arrive, return, begin, move, join, finish, drive, work等词，用现在进行表将来。3. be going to表打算做某事或预料到可能发生某事 It is going to rain.4. be about to即将做某事，比be going to时间更紧迫，“立刻，马上” He is about to start.5. 按列车时刻表，火车，飞机等用一般现在时表将来 The train leaves at 7:00.Unit4. Earthquakes一， 重点单词及词汇pipe 管 event事件，大事 steam蒸汽 suffering苦难extreme极度的 track足迹，痕迹 dam大坝 well井earthquake地震 electricity电 traffic交通 sincerely真诚地breathe（v呼吸） accident事故 block街区 directly直接地upset沮丧的，不安的right away/immediately/at once/right now(立即,还有现在的意思) 立即，马上in ruins破败不堪 挖掘dig out 没有重视 think little of结束at an end be trapped in 陷入困境 be shocked at/by因为而震惊be familiar to sb被某人熟悉 encourage sb to do sth鼓励某人做某事in honor of为纪念二， 词形变化burstburstburstbursting爆炸 digdugdugdiggingtraptrapped-trappedtrapping buryburiedburiedburying埋 destroydestroyeddestroyeddestroyingcongratulatecongralated-congratulatedcongratulation（n祝贺）frighten(v使害怕)frightened（adj害怕的）-frightening（令人害怕的）三， 重点词汇讲解1. rise, raiserise不及物动词,raise及物动词He rose from his chair and said something should be done to raise peoples living standard.2. 主动表被动：It is easy to handle.这很难解决。English is easy to learn.四， 定语从句1. 关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose,when, where, why, 介词+which/whom2. 关系代词关系代词指代成分关系代词指代成分who人主语/宾语that人/物主/宾语（作宾语时可省略）whom人宾语When=on which时间时间状语Whose=of whom谁的定语Where=in/at which地点地点状语which物主语/宾语Why=for which原因原因状语3. 定语从句中关系代词选择：看在从句中缺什么，补什么4. 注意：（1）当先行词是he，she，those，the one关系代词常用who He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.(2) which与that有时可互换，但在下列情况中只能用that: a. 当先行词是all，little，only, very, 不定代词(everyone, nobody, something等), the+序数词，最高级时 This is the very book that I want. b在who，which引导的特殊疑问句中 Who is the man that is standing there? c. 关系代词在定语从句中做表语时 I lived in this house that it used to be. d.先行词有人有物时 The person and the dog that were killed added up to 2000.只能用which：a. 非限制性定语从句中b. 介词后(比如in which, at which, on which等)易错题：(看上次发的语法专项)1. Is this the school that you visit?2. Is this school the one (that) you visit?3. She is the only one of girls who is late.4. She is one of girls who are late.5. She doesnt think this book is good, is it?相当于She thinks this book is not good. Unit5.Nelson Nandela-a modern hero一 重点单词及词汇 quality质量；品质 mean吝啬的；卑鄙的 selfless无私的selfish自