帧中继上的RIP.doc

软 件 学 院CCNA实验报告课题名称：帧中继上的RIP专 业：网络系统管理 姓 名： 班 级：网络102（专）学 号： 指导老师：潘 磊 2011年11月1号一、 实验目的：2二、 实验拓扑2三、 实验设备3四、 实验步骤31.帧中继云的配置 （模拟帧中继交换机）32.帧中继接口的基本配置53.配置RIP6五、 实验调试61.帧中继交换机是否正常.62.检查各个路由器的路由表73.检查各个路由器接口的ping 情况9六、 实验总结101、 实验目的：1. 通过本实验，读者可以掌握如下技能：2. 理解PVC的概念；3. 帧中继的基本配置；4. 帧中继的动态映射；5. 帧中继的静态映射；6. 帧中继上的路由协议运行的特殊性；7. 水平分割；2、 实验拓扑实验拓扑如图8-4所示图8-43、 实验设备1. 1841路由器（3台）；2. 帧中继云（1个）；3. 线缆若干；4、 实验步骤1. 帧中继云的配置 （模拟帧中继交换机）由实验拓扑可知，需配置3个接口，分别如下:a) S0/1的配置如图4-1所示：图4-1b) S0/2的配置如图4-2所示:图4-2c) S0/3的配置如图4-3所示:图4-3d) Frame Relay的配置如图4-4所示:图4-42. 帧中继接口的基本配置e) R1接口S0/0/0的配置Router(config)#hostname R1R1(config)#interface Serial0/0/0R1(config-if)#no shutsown R1(config-if)# ip address 192.168.123.1 255.255.255.0R1(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay /配置帧中继封装类型.对与思科路由器，cisco是它默认值。R1(config-if)frame-relay lmi-type cisco /配置LMI类型,如果采用的IOS是11.2或以后的版本，路由器可以自动适应LMI类型。国内帧中继电路一般采用ansi的LMI信令类型，这里采用的是cisco.f) R3接口S0/0/0的配置Router(config)#hostname R3R3(config)#interface Serial0/0/0R3(config-if)# ip address 192.168.123.3 255.255.255.0R3config-if)#no shutdown R3(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relayR3(config-if)frame-relay lmi-type ciscog) R4接口S0/0/0的配置Router(config)#hostname R4R4(config)#interface Serial0/0/0R4(config-if)#no shutsown R4(config-if)# ip address 192.168.123.1 255.255.255.0R4(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relayR4(config-if)frame-relay lmi-type cisco3. 配置RIPh) 关于R1的配置R1(config)#int loopback 0R1(config-if)#ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0R1(config)#Router ripR1(config-router)#network 1.0.0.0R1(config-router)#network 192.168.123.0i) 关于R3的配置R3(config)#int loopback 0R3(config-if)#ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.0R3(config)#Router ripR3(config-router)#network 3.0.0.0R3(config-router)#network 192.168.123.0j) 关于R4的配置R4(config)#int loopback 0R4(config-if)#ip address 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.0R4(config)#Router ripR4(config-router)#network 4.0.0.0R4(config-router)#network 192.168.123.05、 实验调试1. 帧中继交换机是否正常.以R1为例.a) 显示帧中继PVC状态R1#show frame-relay pvcPVC Statistics for interface Serial0/0/0 (Frame Relay DTE)DLCI = 103, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL, PVC STATUS = ACTIVE, INTERFACE = Serial0/0/0/可以看到DLCI=103的PVC的状态是ACTIVEinput pkts 14055 output pkts 32795 in bytes 1096228out bytes 6216155 dropped pkts 0 in FECN pkts 0in BECN pkts 0 out FECN pkts 0 out BECN pkts 0in DE pkts 0 out DE pkts 0out bcast pkts 32795 out bcast bytes 6216155DLCI = 104, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL, PVC STATUS = ACTIVE, INTERFACE = Serial0/0/0/可以看到DLCI=104的PVC的状态是ACTIVEinput pkts 14055 output pkts 32795 in bytes 1096228out bytes 6216155 dropped pkts 0 in FECN pkts 0in BECN pkts 0 out FECN pkts 0 out BECN pkts 0in DE pkts 0 out DE pkts 0out bcast pkts 32795 out bcast bytes 6216155b) 查看帧中继映射R1#show frame-relay mapSerial0/0/0 (up): ip 192.168.123.3 dlci 103, dynamic, broadcast, CISCO, status defined, activeSerial0/0/0 (up): ip 192.168.123.4 dlci 104, dynamic, broadcast, CISCO, status defined, active /默认时帧中继接口开启了动态映射，会自动建立帧中继映射c) ping其它路由器的帧中继接口R1#ping 192.168.123.3 /pingR3Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.123.3, timeout is 2 seconds:!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 62/62/63 msR1#ping 192.168.123.4 /ping R4Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.123.4, timeout is 2 seconds:!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 47/59/63 ms2. 检查各个路由器的路由表d) R1的路由表R1r#show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not set 1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0R 3.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 192.168.123.3, 00:00:26, Serial0/0/0R 4.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 192.168.123.4, 00:00:15, Serial0/0/0C 192.168.123.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0e) R3的路由表R3#show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not setR 1.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 192.168.123.1, 00:00:01, Serial0/0/0 3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 3.3.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback0C 192.168.123.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0由上可知，R3没有获取 4.0.0.0/8 120/2 via 192.168.123.1, 00:00:01, Serial0/0/0R3#ping 4.4.4.4Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 4.4.4.4, timeout is 2 seconds:.Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)有两个原因：一：ping 命令没有指明源地址，则ICMP数据包的源IP为192.168.123.3，目标为4.4.4.4.，没有。路由器R3通过路由表把数据包发给R1，R1查询路由表得知该数据包发给192.168.123.4，R4有192.168.123.4的直连路由，却没有192.168.123.3的帧中继映射，因此无法封装。为了解决该问题，分别在R3、R4增加静态映射；R3(config)#interface Serial0/0/0R3config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.4 301/增加静态映射R4(config)#interface Serial0/0/0R4config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.123.3 401二：该网络中的R1有到R2、R3的两条虚拟电路，但这两台路由器必须通过R1到达其他路由器。这3台路由器运行RIP，它们每个只有一台VC且能在自己的VC上发送和接受路由更新。然而。R1在把来自R1、R4的路由信息传给子网中的其它路由器时会出现问题。假设R3生成了路由器选择更新。由于R3没有到R4的VC，它将更新转发到R1，希望R1会把更新转发到R4。然而，R1接受到R1选择更新时，由于水平分割，路由器R1无法将其转发到R4。故可禁用R1上的子接口的水平分割。R1(config)#interface Serial0/0/0R1(config-if)# no ip split-horizon配置上述命令后，可得到如下结果：R1r#show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not set 1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0R 3.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 192.168.123.3, 00:00:26, Serial0/0/0R 4.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 192.168.123.4, 00:00:15, Serial0/0/0C 192.168.123.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0R3#ping 4.4.4.4Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 4.4.4.4, timeout is 2 seconds:!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 109/121/125 msf) R4的路由表（可获得R4R4的回环接口路由）R4#SHOW IP ROUTECodes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not setR 1.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 192.168.123.1, 00:00:21, Serial0/0/0R 3.0.0.0/8 120/2 via 192.168.123.1, 00:00:21, Serial0/0/0 4.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 4.4.4.0 is directly connected, Loopback0C 192.168.123.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/03. 检查各个路由器接口的ping 情况g) R1接口s0/0/0 ping R3接口s0/0/0的情况如下：R1#ping 192.168.123.3Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.123.3, timeout is 2 seconds:!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 47/59/63 msh) R1接口s0/0/0 ping R4接口s0/0/0的情况如下：R1#ping 192.