江苏省南京市高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解选练（4）.doc

阅读理解选练（4）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a.b.c和d项中，选出最佳选项。advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why theyre always coming in for criticism. their critics seem to resent them because they have a flair for self-promotion and because they have so much money to throw around. its iniquitous, they say, that this entirely unproductive industry (if we can call it that) should absorb millions of pounds each year. it only goes to show how much profit the big companies are making. why dont they stop advertising and reduce the price of their goods? after all, its the consumer who paysthe poor old consumer! hed have to pay a great deal more if advertising didnt create mass markets for products. it is precisely because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. but we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. another equally important function is to inform. a great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods derives largely from the advertisements we read. advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about. supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc., from an advertisement.lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim may be seriously doubted. it is hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. and what fun they often are, too! just think what a railway station or a newspaper would be like without advertisements. would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading railway byelaws while waiting for a train? would you like to read only closely printed columns of news in your daily paper? a cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a drab wall or a newspaper full of the daily ration of calamities.we must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. newspapers, commercial radio and television companies could not subsist without this source of revenue. the fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast programmes is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price!another thing we mustnt forget is the small ads. which are in virtually every newspaper and magazine. what a tremendously useful service they perform for the community! just about anything can be accomplished through these columns. for instance, you can find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a birth, marriage or death in what used to be called the hatch, match and dispatch column but by far the most fascinating section is the personal or agony column. no other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight into human nature. its the best advertisement for advertising there is!1.what is main idea of this passage?a. advertisement. b. the benefits of advertisement.c. advertisers perform a useful service to communities.d. the costs of advertisement.2.the attitude of the author toward advertisers isa. appreciative.b. trustworthy.c. critical.d. dissatisfactory.3.why do the critics criticize advertisers?a. because advertisers often brag.b. because critics think advertisement is a “waste of money”.c. because customers are encouraged to buy more than necessary.d. because customers pay more.4.which of the following is not true?a. advertisement makes contribution to our pockets and we may know everything.b. we can buy what we want.c. good quality products dont need to be advertised.d. advertisement makes our life colorful.5.the passage is a. narration.b. description.c. criticism.d. argumentation.vocabularycome in for ( sth. ) 是某事物的对象，吸引（某事物），获得flair 天资，天分iniquitous 极邪恶的，极不公正的drab 单调的，乏味的subsist 活下去，生存下去，维持下去hatch 孵化（指生孩子）match 匹配，婚姻dispatch 派遣，发送agony 极大痛苦，煎熬agony column （报刊中关于个人疑难问题征询意见的）读者来信专栏难句译注advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why theyre always coming in for criticism.【参考译文】广告商总是雄心勃勃（想得很大），也许这就是为什么他们老挨批评。their critics seem to resent them because they have a flair for self-promotion.【参考译文】他们的批评者似乎对他们很气愤，因为他们在自我抬高/标榜上很有天分。no other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offer such deep insight into human nature.【参考译文】报纸任何其他栏目都难以提供如此有趣的文章，或提供对人性的内涵如此深刻的洞察。its the best advertisement for advertising there is.【参考译文】这是广告中最佳的广告。写作方法与文章大意 文章以因果、对比的手法写出有没有广告的后果及广告的真正作用。文章首先指出广告商遭批评的原因：广告商夸大和人们认为广告浪费钱财、商品价格就搞；然后作者以有无广告的后果突出其功能，没有广告，商品价更高，生活单调、乏味。有了广告，商品价低，生活丰富多彩，人们获取各种信息。答案详解1.c. 广告对社会的服务很有用。作者从三方面来叙述广告作用：第二段点出如果广告不为产品开辟广大的市场，我们就得付出很多钱，正是因为大量的广告费用，消费者的商品才会那么便宜。广告除销售商品外，其重要的功能在通知/告诉信息，有关家用商品的许多只是来自广告，还有新产品的介绍。第三段讲了美化环境功能。如果火车站的墙上和报上没有广告，那会怎么样。一幅悦人心目，机智的广告将改变一切。第四段讲了它为我们省钱：别忘了广告对我们口袋作出积极的贡献。报纸、电台、电视台公司没有这笔收入很难生存。我们的报纸，我们付给很少，或者说，我们能享受那么多的节目完全是因为广告商花的钱。如果要我们付报纸的全价，那我们要花多少钱！最后一段讲了各种专栏的功能。人们可以在这些栏目找工作、买卖房子、宣布婚丧嫁娶信息。这些都围着一个中心：广告对社会服务的有用性。2.a. 广告。太笼统。b. 广告之优点。文章不是讲优点，而是讲服务于社会的功能。d. 广告费用。3.a. 欣赏/赞赏。从上述注释也可推知是a项。最重要的，作者提出种种功能，是为了反驳第一段内提到的论点：完全是非生产企业每年吸收几百万镑，这说明这些大公司利润有多高。最重要的是消费者付的广告费等。反驳更说明了a项对。b. 值得信任。 c. 批评。 d. 不满意。a. 因为广告商常常爱吹，。见难句译注1.。b. 因为批评者认为广告浪费钱。 c. 因为广告促使消费者购买不必要的东西。 d. 因为消费者支付更多。4.c. 优质产品不需要广告。一切产品都需要广告，新产品、老产品都需要。a. 广告对我们的口袋作出贡献。 b. 我们可以买到我们所需的。 d. 广告使我们生活丰富多彩。这三条都提到也是真实的。5.c. 文章一开始就提到对广告的批评，然后作者以对比的手法说明其功能。a. 叙事。b. 描写。 d. 议论。阅读理解。youve seen news reports about people who need help after a flood. maybe youve walked past people who are sleeping on the streets. or perhaps youve watched tv programs about how lonely older people can get. so what can you do about any of those things? the answer: you can volunteer (做志愿者).volunteering is a great way to learn new skills from working as part of a team to setting and reaching goals. it gives you a chance to find out what kinds of things youre good at and enjoy the most. volunteering can provide you with a sense of responsibility because people really depend on you. and it can help you understand disabled (残疾的) people, sick kids, or the elderly.volunteering helps people feel they do have the power to change things for the better. when people depend on you, it can change the way you look at yourself, and this is the main reason that makes volunteering attractive. you can feel proud of the goals that youve achieved (实现) for a charity organization (慈善组织) whether its helping to organize a 10k to raise money for lung cancer or running the race itself.sometimes its easy to feel worried about your grades or the fight you had with your friend or parents. and although these things are very important in their own way, sometimes it can be helpful to get some distance and think about other things. volunteering allows you to do this. it lets you focus on others that are worth doing. finally, volunteering can help save you from being bored it gives you a place to be where you can have a good time and keep busy.1. from the passage, we can learn that volunteering _. a. is the best way to find out your interests b. mainly helps the old and the poor peoplec. makes sure volunteers will get a good job in the futured. can help volunteers choose a job that they really like in the future2. today, most people volunteer mainly for the purpose of _. a. making themselves famous and popular b. knowing their value by helping others c. increasing their knowledge and learning skills d. helping people out of trouble3. what do the underlined words “a 10k” (paragraph 3) probably refer to? a. a charity organization. b. a volunteer group.c. a 10-kilometer race. d. a political activity. 4. the purpose of the passage is to _. a. talk about the difficulties of volunteering b. talk about how to make life meaningful c. tell readers how to volunteer d. talk about the advantages of volunteering【参考答案】1-4、dbcd阅读理解。in business, there is a speed difference: its the difference between how important a firms leaders say speed is to their competitive (竞争的) strategy（策略）and how fast the company actually moves. the difference is important regardless of industry and company size .companies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the speed.in our study of 343 businesses, the companies that choose to go, go, go to try to gain an edge ended up with lower sales and operating incomes than those that paused at key moments to make sure they were on the right track, whats more, the firms that “slowed down to speed up “improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating incomes over a three-year period.how did they disobey the laws of business physics, taking more time than competitors yet performing better? they thought differently about what “slower” and “faster” mean. firms sometimes fail to understand the difference between operation speed (moving quickly )and strategic speed (reducing the time it takes to deliver value ).simply increasing the speed of production, for example ,may be one way to try to reduce the speed difference .but that often leads to reduced value over time, in the form of lower-quality products and services.in our study, higher-performing companies with strategic speed always made changes when necessary. they became more open to ideas and discussion. they encouraged new ways of thinking. and they allowed time to look back and learn. by contrast (相比而言), performance suffered at firms that moved fast all the time, paid too much attention to improving efficiency, stuck to tested methods, didnt develop team spirit among their employees, and had little time thinking about changes.strategic speed serves as a kind of leadership. teams that regularly take time to get things right, rather than plough ahead full bore , are more successful in meeting their business goals . that kind of strategy must come from the top.( ) 1. what does the underlined part “gain an edge” in paragraph 2 mean? a. increase the speed. b. get an advantage. c. reach the limit. d. set a goal.( ) 2. the underlined part “the laws of business physics” in paragraph 3 means _. a. spending more time and performing worse.b. spending more time and performing betterc. spending less time and performing worse d. spending less time and performing better ( ) 3. what can we learn from the text? a. how fast a firm moves depends on how big it is.b. how competitive a firm is depends on what it produces.c. firms guided by strategic speed take time to make necessary changes.d. firms guided by operational speed take time to develop necessary team spirit.( ) 4. which could be the best title for the text? a. improve quality? serve better. b. deliver value? plough ahead.c. reduce time? move faster. d. need speed? slow down.【参考答案】1-4、bdcd阅读理解。the way we do things round here some years ago，i was hired by an american bank. i received a letter from the head of the personnel department that started，“dear john，i am quite pleased that you have decided to join us.” that “quite” saddened me. i thought he was saying “were kind of pleased you decided to join us although i wish we had hired someone else.”then i discovered that in american english “quite” sometimes means “very”， while in british english it means “fairly”so the first lesson about working in other countries is to learn the language and by that i dont just mean the words people speak. it is body language，dress，manners, ideas and so on. the way people do things highlights many of the differences we see between cultures (文化)some of these differences may be only on the surfacedress，food and hours of workwhile others may be deeper and take longer to deal with. mostly, it is just a question of getting used to the differences and accepting them, like the climate (气候)，while getting on with business. some of the differences may be an improvement. people are more polite；the service is better；you ask for something to be done and it happens without having to ask again. however，other differences can be troubling, like punctuality (准时). if you invite people to a party at 7