江苏省南京市高考英语最后冲刺 阅读理解巩固自练11(1).doc

2014江苏省南京市高考英语阅读理解巩固自练阅读理解 (2013合肥市二模，e)telling fewer lies benefits people physically and mentally. anita kelly, study author and professor of psychology at the university of notre dame, employed 110 adults for her study. she divided them into two groups and asked one group to stop lying for 10 weeks. lies included big ones and tiny onesany false statementsbut participants were still allowed to leave out the truth, keep secrets and avoid questions they didnt want to answer, etc. the other group wasnt given any special instructions about lying.it turns out that both groups reduced their lying, but those who were specifically told to tell the truth improved their health more. “we found that the participants could purposefully and dramatically reduce their everyday lies, and that in turn was associated with significantly improved health，” said kelly.when participants in the nolie group told three fewer white lies than they did in other weeks, they experienced, on average, fewer mentalhealth complaints and physical complaints. they were less likely to feel tense or sad and also experienced fewer sore throats and headaches. they also reported that personal relationships improved. additionally, participants found themselves honest about their daily accomplishments, and they stopped making up excuses for being late or failing to complete a task, for example.“its certainly a worthy goal to have people be more honest and interact with others in a more honest way，” says psychologist robert feldman. “that would be beneficial, im a little doubtful whether it makes us all healthier, but it may make us healthier in a psychological way.”文章大意：本文是一篇科研报告。研究了撒谎和健康之间的关系。12which of the following is true according to the text?apeople who tell lies are healthier than those who dont.bbeing honest can help cure sore throats and headaches.cnot all the participants were required to tell the truth.dparticipants involved are asked not to keep secrets.答案：c细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第一句“the other group wasnt given any special instructions about lying.”可知，有一组的实验对象没有被要求讲实情，故答案c符合文义。13the participants of the two groups _.atold as many lies as before bwere almost equally healthyctended to lie less about their activities dexperienced tenser personal relationships答案：c细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句“it turns out that both groups reduced their lying.”可知，答案c符合文义。14from robert feldman, we can learn that _.awhite lies might make people have more complaintsbhonesty is likely to help people become mentally healthiercpeople should not be honest with others but with themselvesdtelling the truth can make people physically and mentally healthy答案：b推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“. but it may make us healthier in a psychological way”可推知，答案b“诚实会让人们在精神上更健康”符合文义。15the text is mainly about _.athe connection of honesty and healthbresearch on physical and mental healthcadvice about being an honest persondeffects of honesty on personal relationships答案：a主旨大意题。根据文章第一句“telling fewer lies benefits people physically and mentally.”的开篇点题可知，本文主要讲的是诚实和健康之间的关系，故答案a符合文义。阅读理解解读ugg boots have been a winterweather fashion for several years now, combining function, comfort, warmth and even some style. what many uggenthusiasts dont know is that their boots are a breeding ground for bacteria and cause foot problems.doctors believe the boots, which are particularly popular among young teenage girls, are leading to a rise in the number of people suffering pains in their feet and knees.dr. ian drysdale, head of the british college of osteopathic medicine, believes because the foot does not get the proper support on the inside, it will lead to more ankle, knee, hip and back problems. “these boots are not designed for outside wear. just because something becomes a trend or fashionable doesnt mean its good or right，” he said. “the particular problem with this type of footwear is that it is unsupported. its a slipper. you wouldnt normally expect to be doing outdoor activities from something thats indoor. if you decide to wear your pajamas outside all the time, someone will come up and say its not a good idea.” dr. drysdale explained that the feet issues become a particular problem among young teenage girls, whose bones are “plastic” and developing when they are growing. “if that structure is developing in an inappropriate way，” he said，“then the ultimate structure will be deformed.”mike oneill, a consultant surgeon, said，“as the foot slides around, you get wear and tear (磨损) on the joints on the inside of the foot. the ankle is in the wrong position, the thigh bone also changes position, and you get an abnormal movement in the pelvis, which leads to back problems.”ugg australia, who makes the designer version of the boots, told the daily wirror that their boots are “comfort” rather than “performance” footwear and consumers should be aware of “knockoffs (仿制品)” which lack reinforced heels in their boots.文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了雪地靴因它的时尚、舒适、保暖等特性而备受年轻女孩的青睐。但研究人员发现，在它时尚的外观背后，隐藏着一些不为人知的健康隐患。9teenage girls prefer to wear ugg boots because of the following except _.adesign bcomfort cquality dwarmth10according to dr. ian drysdale, _.athere is a possibility that bacteria will multiply in ugg bootsbwearing ugg boots will lead to more ankle and toe problemscits not a good idea to wear boots like ugg outside all the timedteenage girls bones are plastic enough to wear ugg boots11the underlined word “deformed” is closest in meaning to _.ashaped bstrengthened creformed ddamaged12which of the following can be the best title for the text?apotential harm of ugg boots bthe popularity of ugg bootscthe unique design of ugg boots dbenefits of ugg boots阅读理解-(2013南昌市二模，c)“plants were expected to get larger with increased carbon dioxide in atmosphere, but changes in temperature, humidity and nutrient availability seem to trumped the benefits of increased carbon dioxide，” said researchers from the national university of singapore.45 percent of the species studied now reach smaller adult sizes than they did in the past. the researchers pointed out that warmer temperatures and changing habitats, caused by climate change, are possible reasons for shrinking creatures.“we do not yet know the mechanisms involved, or why some organism are getting smaller while others are unaffected，” the researchers said. “until we understand more, we could be risking negative consequences that we cant yet quantify.”the change was big in coldblooded animals. only two decades of warmer temperatures were enough to make reptiles smaller. an increase of 1 degree centigrade caused nearly a 10 percent increase in metabolism (新陈代谢). greater use of energy resulted in tiny tortoises and little lizards. fish are smaller now too. though overfishing has played a part in reducing numbers, experiments show that warmer temperatures also stop fish growth. there is a recent report on warmer temperatures negative effects on plankton, the base of the marine ecosystem.warmblooded animals werent immune from the size change caused by climate change. many birds are now smaller. mammals have been miniaturized too. soay sheep are thinner. red deer are weaker. and polar bears are smaller, compared with historical records.this is not the first time this has happened in earths history. 55 million years ago, a warming event similar to the current climate change caused bees, spiders and ants to shrink by 50 to 75 percent over several thousand years. that event happened over a long time than the current climate change.the speed of modern climate change could mean organisms may not respond or adapt quickly enough, especially those with long generation times. so, it is likely that more negative influences of climate change will be shown in future.文章大意：本文是一篇科普说明文。主要报道了一项新发现，研究人员发现了气候变暖会导致地球上许多生物个体变小的现象。16which of the following would be the best title for the passage?awhy do some species become smaller?bhow does temperature change in earths history?cclimate change has many negative effectsdspecies become smaller as climate warms答案：d标题概括题。通读全文及第二段首句“45 percent of the species studied now reach smaller adult sizes than they did in the past.”可知，本文主要讲述了气候变暖会导致许多生物个体变小的现象，故d项正确。17the underlined word “trumped” in the first paragraph can be replaced by _.abeen neglected by bhad strong influences thancbeen weakened by dbeen less than答案：b词义猜测题。根据本句中的but可知，画线词与其前面的内容“大气中二氧化碳的增加会使植物个体变大”是转折关系，并根据下文中气温、湿度、可利用的营养等条件对生物的影响可知，这些条件的改变似乎比二氧化碳浓度增加更有影响力。故b项正确。18researchers from the national university of singapore believe that _.ahow climate change effects animals size has not been found clearlyball the animals on the earth have become smallerctoo many studies on animals size have been donedpeople can avoid the negative effects of climate change答案：a细节理解题。文章第三段研究人员提到“we do not yet know the mechanisms involved”，其中the mechanisms指的是气候变暖影响了生物个体大小的机制，故a项正确。19what can we learn from the passage?aclimate change has even affected plankton negatively.bbirds have suffered more from climate change than fish.cants, bees and spiders have been shrinking by 50% to 70% in the past decade.da warming event causing species to become smaller has never happened before.答案：a细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“there is a recent report on warmer temperatures negative effects on plankton, the base of the marine ecosystem.”可知，气候变化已经对浮游生物产生了有害影响。故a项正确。20whats the authors attitude toward climate change in the passage?aconcerned. boptimistic. cindifferent. dconfident.答案：a观点态度题。根据文章最后一句“so, it is likely that more negative influences of climate change will be shown in future.”可知，作者对气候变暖对生物的影响有些担忧。故a项concerned(关心的)符合语境。阅读理解解读deception (骗术) is something that people do all the time, and it plays an important role in military (军事的) strategy. now some researchers are trying to figure out how to get robots to do it, by looking at the behavior of squirrels and birds.at georgia tech, a team led by ronald arkin, a professor at the school of interactive computing, studied the literature on squirrels hiding their acorns (橡果). squirrels will hide their food in a certain place, but when they see other squirrels trying to steal from them, they attempt to fool the thieves by running to a false location.ronald arkin and his ph. d. student jaeeun shim used that as a model for robot behavior. they programmed the robot into tricking a “predator (捕食者)” machine by doing what a squirrel does: showing the enemy a false location for an important resource.the team also looked at how other animalsin this case, a species of bird called arabian babblerdrive off predators. a babbler will make an alarm call when they see a predator and other babblers will join the bird and make more calls. they then surround the predator, all the while flapping (拍打) wings and making noises. the babblers dont ever actually fight the animal they want to drive off; they just make enough noises and flaps around enough so that it seems that attacking a babbler isnt worth it.they found that the deception works when the group reaches a certain sizeessentially, when enough birds arrive to convince the enemy that its best to back off. davis modeled that behavior in software using a military scene and found that it worked even if the group didnt have the firepower