材料概论(双语)词汇表.doc

P011 Introduction to Material 1.1Materials and material sciencefixed vt.确定bronze Age n.青铜; n.铜器时代decisive a.决定性的; technological changes科技进步speciality专业；conceive of想象；taking into account v.重视, 考虑 organization n.组织结构；atomic scale原子尺度；realmn.领域；availability n.可用性, 有效性；facility n.容易, 便利；discrete adj.不连续的, 离散的submicroscopic adj.亚微观的range vt.在范围内变化monocrystal n.单晶体items n.物品；constitute vt.构成sectors n.部门；human activity 人类活动hydroelectric dam n.大坝；strengthen v.加强biomaterials n.生物材料;indispensable n.不可缺之物excludes vt.把.排除在外; combustibles adj.易燃的（物）criteria n.标准，依据，是criterion的复数形式ovalent bonding 共价键；secondary bonding次级键离子键examine: 仔细调查；the Periodic Table of the Elements元素周期表；Mendeleev 人名门捷列夫P02occurs vt.存在Ceramic：陶瓷Cobalt：钴hard metal：硬质合金Reinforced concrete钢筋混凝土Brass：黄铜polymer: n.聚合体Cord：n.绳索Rubber：橡胶Pneumatic tyre：充气轮胎mineral glass：无机玻璃Organic Polymer:有机聚合物Thermoplastics：n.热塑性塑料Elastomer: n.弹性体,人造橡胶Organic fiber：有机纤维Glass fiber：玻璃纤维Polyester：n.聚酯Carbon fibers：碳纤维Epoxies：n.环氧树脂ambient a.周围的；室温zinc n.锌；contain vt.包含, 容纳 good conductors 良导体；opaque a.不透明的；in the main大体上；rigid adj.刚性的；undergo vt.经受, 忍受attached vt.附加上hydrogen n.氢chlorinen.氯；methyl radical n.甲基etc = et cetera（and so on,）participate in v.参加, 参与；poly vinyl chloride聚氯乙烯polyethylene聚乙烯；polystyrene聚苯乙烯diversifiedadj.多变化的, 各种的insulators n.绝缘体, 绝热器contrary to与.相反; non-orienteda.非取向型; rigidity n.刚性withstand vt.抵挡, 经受得住inorganic adj.无机的；result from v.由.产生oxygen n.氧P03abrasives n.研磨剂 fragileadj.易碎的, 脆的constituted vt.构成，组成synergetic adj.协同作用的 agglomeration n.凝聚; cement n.水泥;gravel n.砂砾arbitrary adj.武断的，专断的discontinuiry n.不连续性define vt.定义, 详细说明by means of adv.依靠；a normalized standard test归一化标准试验subjected v.遭受；action n.作用reactive adj.反应的,endowed with v.捐赠, 赋予；in a substantial way（实质性地）turbines n.燃气涡轮；jet enginesn.喷气发动机creep v.蠕变；thermal shock n.热冲击，热震derived vt.得自，vi.起源opaqueness n.不透明transparency n.透明；extensibility n.可延长性consists of v.由.组成microscopic adj.细微的；defined morphology 确定的形态P04crucial adj.至关紧要的；adapted for 使适合于envisioned vt.想象,预想；take into account vt.考虑,顾及mode 形式；intrinsic adj.固有的；corrosion n.耐腐蚀性；resistance n.传导性, conductivity 传导率solutions n.解决方法recycling n.再利用；eliminmation n.消除；incineration n.焚化recovery n.恢复，回收substitute v.代替, 替换, 替代ecological adj.生态的； motivies n.动机, 目的Progressively adv.日益增多地；Supplanted vt.代替Above all adv.最重要, 首先；controllable adj.可控的humidity n.潮湿, 湿度production lines n.生产线，流水线；reliability n.可靠性entails vt.需要；criteria n.标准，依据rhythm n. 韵律，节奏 superior to 高于/cm3=gram per cubic centimeter；cane: vt.编制；sports goods 运动器材severe adj. 严重的, 严峻的in constant ad.不变的, 持续的domains n.领域；notion n.概念, 观念, 想法fluidity n.流动性, 流变性，流度arise from: 从.中产生, 源于fundemental laws 基本定律seeks v.探索, 寻求；molecular adj.分子的，由分子构成的P05transformation n.转变，相变；complements vt.补充clay 粘土；wool 羊毛；satisfy 满足；empirical 实验方法；accumulateted v.积累ceramists 陶艺家；suffice to 足以；comtemproary n.当代人；meet 适应；unified quantitative 统一的；定量的；aessential .必需的general character 一般特性; 多学科研究法; disciplinary: 学术的civil civil engineering:土木工程coherent adj.一致的;couple with 与联在一起theoretical background 理论框架schematized vt.扼要表示aspect n.方面；coupled with 加上 elaborate vt.精心制作finished object 成品successively rolling 连续轧制；钢板；stamping n.冲压finishing operations 精整工序，后续加工Performances: 功能Synthesis：合成Manufacturing：制造，加工Processing: 处理Composition: 成分Structure: 结构Properties: 固有特性Master vt.控制consequently 因此；access to 有机会应用sophisticated a.完善的，技术先进的,numerous a.无数的（巨大的）remodeled vt.重新塑造, 改变constrains n.约束radically adv.从根本上cable cars n.电缆车telecommunications n.电讯;satellites n.卫星p101.2 Types of Materials addressed vt.提出；available a.可用到的；wide -ranging a.广泛的distinguish v.区别，辨别encompass v.包含，包括；engineeringmermaterial工程材料；associated同.联系在一起versatile adj.通用的construction material 建筑材料，结构材料readily ad.容易地；形成deformability n.可塑性；ductilityn.展延性 permitting v.允许 yielding n.屈服Californiansn.加州人；moderate adj.中等的framing n.框架；luster n.光泽；shares vt.共有；基本性能perspective 详细说明；正确地安置； extent n.程度，范围；（在通常知道的范围）bases n.主要成分compound n.化合物；根本地oxidized v.被氧化的reactoin product反应产物；degradation n.降级, 降解refractory adj.难熔的desirable adj.合意的，令人想要的adj.难熔的；即；工业炉a.较高的，出色的；炉体结构vt.引起vi.存在adj.合意的, 令人想要的冲击载荷vt.排除n.选择P11utility n.效用inherent adj.固有的, 内在的sufficiently adv.十分地, 充分地Mega(million) Pascal(帕斯卡)basis n.基本原理promise n.希望；结构陶瓷Silicon nitride 氮化硅（Si3N4）silicates n.硅酸盐; claysn.粘土;粘土状矿物 Phosphor: 磷enormous adj.庞大的；rangen.行列，系列Bear in mind记住compounds and solutions 化合物和固溶体crystallineadj.结晶的；组成原子stacked v.堆垛；noncrystalline form非晶的形态； irregular random不规则、随机的方式；名词silicate n.化硅酸盐balance n.余额calcium oxide 氧化钠；氧化钙； transmit传输；ultraviolet a.紫外、红外（infrared） lithium aluminosilicates n.铝矽酸锂devitrified vt.反玻璃化vitreous adj.玻璃质的appropriate adj.适当的subsequent a.后来的； porosity n.多孔性, 有孔性bonus n.意外收获 cookware n.总炊具There is perhaps no class of .life than polymens.也许没有哪一类材料对日常生活中的现代工程技术的影响比高分子化合物更典型了。P12readily adv.容易地fabrication n.制作，加工mer n.单元；hydrocarbon n.碳氢化合物， compounds n.化合物acrylics n.丙烯酸树脂;nylons n.尼龙; fluorinen.氟silicones n.硅树脂descriptive adj.描述性的polymeric adj.聚合体的versatile adj.通用的, 万能的substantial adj.坚实的；sufficiently adv.充分地substitution for代替，取代panel n.面板, 嵌板, 仪表板tidy a.整齐的；albeit conj.虽然 fiberglass n.玻璃纤维（复合材料）matrix n.基体commonplace adj.平凡的The best of both worlds两全其美； superior to优于separately 个别地ductility n.展延性, 柔软性抵挡，承受；正常载荷illustrate vt.图解说明noble ad.实质上；惰性的；column n.族in detail adv.详细地纤维增强的In addition to adv.除.之外1.3 Structural Characte-ristic of MaterialsP16substantially adv.充分地，重大地retain vt.保持；definite adj.明确的，一定的inverse adj. 颠倒的，相反的solidification n.凝固solidifying v .(使)凝固, (使)巩固respectively adv.分别地viscous adj.粘性的in（prep.在状态）fixed vt.固定holding long（长期保持）result in v.导致turbidity n.混浊, 不透明tension n.紧张(状态) ordered adj.整齐的；规则的elementary particlesn.核基本粒子interactions n.交互作用；spatial adj.空间的fineadj.细微地, 精巧地，纯粹地structural结构组成reveal vt.显示, 揭示Microscopic exminations金相试验Foreign inclsions外来夹杂物microvoids微孔；orientationsn.方向；crystallographica.结晶学的，晶体学的naked adj.裸体的; n.肉眼magnifying glass放大镜shrinkage cavities缩孔；voids n.空间, 孔洞P17cracks n.裂缝；inhomogeneities n.不均一性，textures多相性etched n.质地, 纹理；specimens n.纤维组织 Crystal lattice n.格子；晶体点阵, 晶格spheres n.球, 球体 replace by v.取代, 以.代替spacing n.间隔, 间距in the general case v.比方说, 假定Coordinate planes坐标平面plurality n.复数,众多；parallelepipeds n.平行六面体parallel adj.平行的elementary cell单位晶格，晶胞displacementsn.移置；three-dimensionaladj.三维的, 立体的coincide withn. 阵点，结点 v.与.相符sectionsn.项（参量，长度）equal to相等dimensions n.尺寸, 尺度 lattice spacings n.晶格间距lattice constantsn.点阵晶格常数intricate adj.复杂的lattice sites结点位置，阵点位置P18elementary cell单位晶格，晶胞，原胞fallsvt.落入simultaneously adv.同时地；roughly adv.概略地solely adv.单独地；particular adj.特定的uniquely adv.唯一地additional adj.另外的follow from从.得出；geometry n.几何；packing v.堆积，排列；堆积密度packing factor配位数；填充因子（致密度）equidistantadj.等距的ratio n.比, 比率Octahedral adj.有八面的, 八面体的Tetrahedral adj.有四面的, 四面体的P20parenthesesn.圆括号the plane indices n.晶面指数；密勒指数corresponding adj.相应的preferable a.更可取的, 更好的；n.移置, 位移base n.底部, 基础；prism n.棱柱Anisotropy n.各向异性crystallographic a.结晶学的，晶体学的crystallographic directions晶体学方向pronounced adj.显著的, 明确的symetry n.对称, 匀称crystalline solids化结晶固体；polycrystaln.多晶体plurality n.复数, 多数；（大量）mean statistic adj.平均的；adj.统计学的quasi-：类,准,半；quasi-isotropic adj.各向同性的（转动）；平行地parallel n.织构化的P261.4 Structure-property-processing Relationshibe interestde in对.感兴趣component n. 成分，部分，部件expected lifetime n.预期寿命meets vt.对付，满足taking advantage of v.利用internal structure 内部结构final adj.最后的, 最终的aspects n. （问题等的）方面either pron.任一个interrelate v.相互关联Creep vi.蠕变creep rate n.蠕变速率；corrosion n.腐蚀Stress- rupturen.应力开裂；Refining n.精炼，提纯ductilityn.展延性，延性；Densityn.密度Elongation .延伸率，伸长率Reduction in arean.断面收缩率；conductivityn.传导率Fatigue n.疲劳；Dieletricn.电介质insulation；n.绝缘（体）Endurance limit n.耐久极限；Ferroelectricity n.铁电（性）Fatigue lifen.疲劳寿命；piezoelectricityn.压电（性）Magnetic adj.磁的Scratch resistance n.抗划伤性；Ferrimagnetica.亚铁磁的；Wear ratesn.磨损率；ferromagnetica.铁磁的Impact n.冲击；paramagnetic adj.顺磁性的Absorbed energyn.吸收能量（冲击功）toughnessn.韧性；Absorption n.吸收Transition temperature n.（韧脆）转变温度；Strengh n.强度；Diffraction n.衍射Modulus of elasticity n.弹性模量；lasting action n.受激辐射Tensile strength n.抗拉强度；photoconduction n.光电导(性)Yield strength n.屈服强度；reflection n.反射Refraction n.折射Transmission n.传输, 传播Heat capacity n.热容Thermal conductivity n.导热性Thermal expansion n.热膨胀P27Applied vt.施加, 作用cross-sectional a.横截面的stiffness n.刚度is exposed to 遭受, 暴露于.intense blow 剧烈的爆炸； alternating force交变应力stability n.稳定性；subjected to v.使遭受abrasive a.研磨的，有研磨作用的in service在服役中ease n.容易（方便性）；part n.零件forging n.锻炼； withstand vt.经受住；application n.作用deform v.(使)变形profound a.（意义）深刻的，深远的electrical conductivity n.电导率；semiconducting a.半导体的 firing n.烧成, 锻烧；thermal insulation n.热绝缘, 绝热impurities n.杂质wing n.翅，机翼acting on v.作用于.cyclical a.循环的vibration n.振动, 颤动；fatigue properties疲劳特性shock loading n.冲击荷载encountered v.遭遇, 遇到 corrosion resistance n.耐(腐)蚀性，抗腐(蚀)性solar cell n.太阳能电池interact vi.相互作用in turn adv.依次, 轮流，反过来finest a.最细微