贵州省仁怀市高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解练习（二）.doc

贵州仁怀市2017高考英语阅读理解一轮练习（二）阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。(原创)taking exams in a large group setting can be stressful for students and for the staff members who are watching over them. when classrooms are crowded and desks are close together, cheating might be tempting. one university in thailand came up with an anti-cheating hat that makes it almost impossible for students to see other students papers. a photo of the students wearing the anti-cheating hats made its way to the internet, and the university was criticized for making students wear those ridiculous looking homemade hats. the hats were made by stapling pieces of paper onto a headband, one to each side of the head. after being criticized, senior academic staff at kasetsart university in bangkok, thailand, released a statement saying that the hats idea came from students. they said that in a bid to prevent cheating they asked the students for ideas on how to prevent cheating in the upcoming exam, which was being taken by almost one hundred students. students came up with different ideas, then the paper hat idea was selected by them as the most suitable. the university claimed that no one was forced to use the hat, but they all chose to do so. “when wearing the hat during the exam, students felt more relaxed, ”nattadon rungruangkitkrai, a lecturer at the university said. “it was not meant to indicate that kasetsart students often cheat on exams. i apologize if the photo makes other people look at my students in a negative way, ”rungruangkitkrai added. 【文章大意】很多人在一起考试对监考老师来说压力不小。近日, 泰国某大学就想出了防作弊帽的点子, 这样就不用担心学生偷看其他人的试卷了。此举引起了广泛的争议。1. according to the text, in which case cheating will become easy? a. when desks are crowded into a classroom. b. when too many students are sitting in a classroom. c. when students are too stressful. d. when the staff members who are watching over them are not responsible. 【解析】选b。细节理解题。根据第二段when classrooms are crowded and desks are close together, cheating might be tempting. 可知本题选b。2. why was the university criticized? a. the university was too strict. b. the university prevented students cheating. c. the university made students wear strange looking hats. d. the students chose to use the hats. 【解析】选c。细节理解题。由第三段第二句中的the university was criticized for making students wear those ridiculous looking homemade hats. 可知本题选c。3. what can we learn from the last two paragraphs? a. the senior academic staff at the university made the paper hat idea. b. the students felt more stressful when wearing the hat during the exam. c. the students dont like wearing the hats when taking the exam. d. the students are not forced to wear the hats when taking the exam. 【解析】选d。推理判断题。根据第四段及第五段的观点可知本题选d。4. whats the best title of the text? a. how to make the anti-cheating hatb. anti-cheating hat was criticizedc. anti-cheating hatd. anti-cheating hat was considered the most suitable choice【解析】选c。主旨大意题。由全文可知, 文章主要介绍的是反作弊帽, 其他选项都是文章细节。故本题选c。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c、d）中，选出最佳选项。【2014模拟调研】 in many american schools the holiday celebrating dr. martin luther king jr.s birthday is used as an opportunity to teach children about his life and legacy. but in too many of those same schools, black childrens extraordinary talents are still being wasted today. nearly three-quarters of black fourth and eighth grade public school students cannot read or compute at grade level.black students made up only 18 percent of students in public schools in 2009-2010 but were 40 percent of students who received one or more out-of-school suspensions（暂被停学）a blackpublic school student is suspended every four seconds. black students are more than twice aslikely to drop out of school as white students. each school day 763 black high school students drop out.so i applaud the us. departments of education and justice for their recent action toaddress harmful school discipline policies that push so many thousands of black children out of school each year and into the juvenile（青少年)justice and adult prison pipeline. if the education system is to do its part in replacing it with a cradle to college, career and success pipeline, we must end the current practice where children in the greatest need are suspended from school mostly for nonviolent offenses. these resources, officially known as guidance, will help schools and districts meet their legal responsibility to protect students from discrimination on the basis of race, color or national origin as required under title vi of the civil rights act of 1964. as we recognize the 50th anniversary of the civil rights act of 1964 and so many other important hard-won victories in the civil rights movement this year, we must remember those victories could be lost without meaningful enforcement of the laws advocates fought so hard to win half a century ago. while the guidance does not prohibit schools or districts from using any particularnondiscriminatory policy, it does call into question some policies that have historically excludedblack students and are of questionable educational value including zero tolerance disciplinepolicies which require mandatory（强制的）consequences for certain infractions（违反），and policies that prevent students from returning to school after completion of a court sentence. information of the new guidance recommendations is available at this government website for almost every school and district in the country. check your own school district now to see whether the discipline policy is focused on creating a positive school climate and preventing misbehavior, whether consequences are clear, appropriate and consistent, and whether there is a commitment to fairness in the application of discipline.67. what does the first paragraph mainly talk about? a. unsatisfactory situation of black studentseducation. b life and legacy of dr. martin luther king jr. c the percentage of black students dropping out of school. d. the holiday celebrating dr. martin luther king jr.s birthday.68the guidance issued by the u.s. departments of education and justice may a. protect black children from being suspended for nonviolent offenses b prevent black children from coming back to school after a court sentence c. push thousands of black children out of school each year d punish black children for dropping out of school69. according to the passage, the zero tolerance discipline policies a. have questionable consequences b are prohibited by the guidance c prevent black children from being absent from school d. were considered discriminatory when they were released70. which of the following is the best title for the passage? a. criticism of the education system b. steps forward on school discipline c suggestions on the civil rights act d. victories in the civil rights movement参考答案6770、aaab社会文化（阅读理解）由 (2011安徽,d)改编ireland has had a very difficult history.the problems started in the 16th century when english rulers tried to conquer (征服) ireland.for hundreds of years,the irish people fought against the english.finally,in 1921,the british government was forced to give independence to the south of ireland.the result is that today there are two “irelands”.northern ireland,in the north,is part of the united kingdom.the republic of ireland,in the south,is an independent country.in the 1840s the main crop,potatoes,was affected by disease and about 750,000 people died of hunger.this,and a shortage (短缺) of work,forced many people to leave ireland and live in the usa,the uk,australia and canada.as a result of these problems,the population fell from 8.2 million in 1841 to 6.6 million in 1851.for many years,the majority of irish people earned their living as farmers.today,many people still work on the land but more and more people are moving to the cities to work in factories and offices.life in the cities is very different from life in the countryside,where things move at a quieter and slower pace.the irish are famous for being warm-hearted and friendly.oscar wilde,a famous irish writer,once said that the irish were “the greatest talkers since the greeks”.since independence,ireland has revived (复兴) its own culture of music,language,literature and singing.different areas have different styles of old irish songs which are sung without instruments.other kinds of irish music use many different instruments such as the violin,whistles,etc.1.what does the author tell us in paragraph 1?()a.how the irish fought against the english.b.how ireland gained independence.c.how english rulers tried to conquer ireland.d.how two “irelands” came into being.2.we learn from the text that in ireland .a.food shortages in the 1840s led to a decline in populationb.people are moving to the cities for lack of work in the countrysidec.it is harder to make a living as a farmer than as a factory workerd.different kinds of old irish songs are all sung with instruments3.the last paragraph is mainly about .a.the irish characterb.irish culturec.irish musical instrumentsd.a famous irish writer4.what can be the best title for the text?()a.life in irelandb.a very difficult historyc.ireland,past and presentd.the independence of ireland语篇解读:本文为说明文,主要介绍了爱尔兰的历史、人口、生活、文化等内容。答案及剖析:1.d主旨大意题。概括第一段可知,本段主要介绍了爱尔兰一段与众不同的历史,即在被英国统治了几百年后,北爱尔兰成为英国的一部分,而南爱尔兰则获得独立,成立了“爱尔兰共和国”。由此可以看出,本段主要介绍了“两个爱尔兰”是如何形成的。故答案为d项。2.a推理判断题。根据第二段首句提到,在19世纪40年代,爱尔兰的主要农作物土豆受到病害的影响,有大约750000人死于饥饿,且还讲到,食物缺乏是爱尔兰人移民的一个原因。由此可知,食物缺乏导致了人口减少。3.b主旨大意题。概括最后一段可知,本段主要介绍了爱尔兰的文化,故答案为b项。其余选项本段虽有所提及,但都属于本段的部分内容,无法概括本段大意,故可排除。4.c主旨大意题。概括全文可知,本文主要从几个方面介绍了过去的爱尔兰和现在的爱尔兰。故答案为c项。其余选项都是本文的部分内容,a项是第三段的内容;b项是第一段的内容;d项也是第一段的内容。【长难句子分析】today,状语 many people主语 still work谓语 onthe land状语 but并列 more and more定语 people主语 are moving谓语 tothe cities状语 to work in factories and offices.状语如今,很多人仍然在田地里劳作,但是为了能在工厂和办公室工作,进城的人越来越多。本句中,but为并列连词,连接了两个句子。在第二个句子中,采用了现在进行时态,表示现阶段一直在进行的动作,不定式短语to work in factories and offices在句中作目的状语。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c、d）中，选出最佳选项。【2014模拟调研】 the closest known relative of the ancestors of limbed（肢体）animals such as humans may have evolved the foundation for back legs even before the move to land, researchers say. this ancestor may have even been able to walk underwater, they add. these findings reveal that a key step in the evolution of back limbs happened in fish,challenging previous theories that such appendages（附肢）evolved only after the move to land.scientists investigated fossils（化石）of a 375-million-year-old fish known as tiktaalik,discovered in 2004 in northern canadas ellesmere island. possessing a broad flat head andsharp teeth, tiktaalik resembled a cross between a fish and a crocodile, growing to a length of 9 feet (2.7 meters) as it hunted for its food in shallow freshwater. this ancient creature was undoubtedly a fish. however, it also had features seen in modern tetrapods（四足动物） this ancient fish had large forefins and shoulders, elbows and partial wrists, enabling it to support itself on ground. this makes it the best-known example of a link between finned（鳍）animals and limbed animals marking the evolutionary change from water to land for creatures with backbones. previous analyses of other fossils dating from the water-land change found their backappendages were small and weak compared with their front appendages. this suggested theearliest ancestors of tetrapods perhaps had a front-wheel drive form of movement thatdepended more on their front limbs, and that a four-wheel drive form of movement with strong hips and back limbs only developed after tetrapods evolved. until now, the only fossils of tiktaalik researchers had examined were of its front parts. to find out more about the fish, researchers investigated additional blocks of rock recovered from the dig site where tiktaalik was discovered. although some of these blocks were first dug in 2004, researchers did not look at them more closely until recently, mainly because the blocks did not seem to contain much bone. moreover, it took years to carefully and properly remove the rock surrounding the fragile fossils. the scientists discovered the back part of tiktaalikthis made a direct comparison of the front and back appendages of the animal possible. unexpectedly, the researchers found tiktaalik had big, strong pelvic（胃盆）bones with similarities to early tetrapods. i was expecting to find a diminutive back fin and pelvis, study lead author neil shubin, a paleontologist at the university of chicago, told livescience. seeing the huge pelvis set me back a bit-i looked at it again an