高考英语 考前冲刺精选语法资料例析定语从句的十大易错点.doc

2012届高考英语考前冲刺精选语法资料例析定语从句的十大易错点定语从句是中学英语教学中的一个重要语法项目，也是历届高考的热点所在。 易错点一：关系代词和关系副词的混用 例 1. ill never forget the days _i spent in new york with you. 例 2. ill never forget the days _ i visited new york with you.析：例 1 中的 which 或 that ； 例 2 中的 when .区分关系代词和关系副词的关键是看它们在定语从句中所充当的成分。如果定语从句中缺少主语、宾语，就应考虑使用关系代词，如例 1 .若定语从句中缺少状语，就应考虑使用关系副词，如例 2 .易错点二：固定句式出差错例 3. mary is so lovely a girl _ everybody loves her. 例 4. mary is so lovely a girl _ everybody loves.析：例 3 为 that ,例 4 as .sothat 或 soas为固定句式，后者为 as 引导的定语从句， as 在定语从句中作宾语或主语，如例 4 ；类似的固定句式还有 the same as , suchas ， asas 等。前者为 that 引导的结果状语从句，该从句的成分是完整的，不缺少主语或宾语，如例 3 .易错点三：主谓不一致例 5. tom is one of the students who _ swimming.例 6. tom is the only one of the students who _ swimming.析：例 5 中为 like ；例 6 中为 likes .在“ one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句”结构中，定语从句的先行词是复数名词，故谓语动词要用复数形式，如例 5 ；在“ the （only） one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句”结构中先行词是 one ，而不是复数名词，故谓语动词要用单数形式，如例 6 .易错点四：与强调句型及其他句型的混合例 7. was it in the shop _ you bought the recorder _ you lost your pen？ 例 8. youd better make a mark _you have any questions.析：例 7 中第一个 应为 where ；第二个为that 例 8 中应为where .例 7 为带有定语从句的强调句,you bought the recorder为定语从句，其引导词应用 where ，后面第二个 that 才是强调句中的 that ，此句可还原为： you lost your pen in the shop where you bought the recorder .例 8 为 where 引导的地点状语从句。练习题1.it is the playground _ i picked up this wallet.a.which b.that c.from there d. where2.it is on the playground _ i picked up this wallet.a.which b.that c.from there d. where1) it was four clock _ they got there.2) it was at four clock _ they got there .a. that b. which c. on which d. when易错点五：对先行词概念不明确例 9. is this library _ you visited yesterday？例 10. is this the library _ you visited yesterday？析：例 9 中the one ； 例 10 中为 that 或 which .在例 9 中， this library 是主语， is 是谓语， that 引导的是定语从句，但没有先行词，故应补加先行词；在例 10 中， the library 是先行词，定语从句缺少宾语，故应用 that 或 which 来引导，当然也可以省略。易错点六：特殊名词作先行词时关系词的选取错误例 11. i dont like the way _ you speak to her.例 12. i dont care for pay. i just want to get a job _i can be greatly valued.析：11.that/in which/省略12.where/in which在定语从句中，有些特殊名词作先行词时其关系词的选取有一定的特殊性，如 way 作先行词时，其引导词可用 that 或 in which 或省略，如例 11 ；与 way 相似的还有 job ， situation ， point ， case 等作先行词时，关系词常用 where 或 in which .易错点七：忽略as 和which 引导非限定性定语从句的区别例 13. he failed in the exam again， _ was expected.例 14. he failed in the exam again， _ was not what he had expected.析：例 13 中为 as ； 例 14 中为 which . as 和 which 虽然都可引导非限制性定语从句，但仍有以下三点区别：（ 1 ） as 有“正如；就像”之意，而 which 没有；（ 2 ） as 引导的非限制性定语从句可置于句首句中或句末，而 which 只能置于句末；（ 3 ）如果非限制性定语从句是否定句时，只能用 which 引导。易错点八：忽略that 和which 引导限制性定语从句的区别例 15. this is the most exciting football game _ i have ever seen.例 16. here are the samples _ had i thought of it you could have taken with you yesterday.析：例 15 中为 that ；例 16 中为 which .当先行词被最高级、序数词修饰或先行词本身是不定代词时，只能用that来引导定语从句，如例 15 ；当关系词后面有插入成分时，只能用 which 来引导定语从句.易错点九：介词前置出差错例 17. the two things _which marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms.例 18. tell him all the things to which he should pay attention.析：例 17 中为 about 或 of ； 例 18 中应把 to 移到 attention 的后面。在定语从句中前置的介词必须和后面的动词或形容词构成固定搭配，如例 17 ;但并不是所有的固定搭配中的介词都可前置，如例 18 .易错点十：which 和whose 的意义不明确例 19. the book _ cover is broken is of great help to all of us.例 20. the book, _ the cover is broken is of great help to all of us.析：例 19 中为 whose ； 例 20 中为 which .在定语从句中，关系代词 which 不能在定语从句中作定语，但 whose 可作定语，“ whose + n ”相当于“ the + n + of which ”或“ of which + the + n ”。定语从句与并列结构he has two sons, neither of whom looks like him. he has two sons, and neither of them looks like him. 第一个句子为定语从句，关系代词whom指代two sons,在定语从名中介词of的宾语。第二个句子为并列结构，由并列连词and连接，人称代词them指代two sons。 练习1) liming got the first place, _ made his parents happy.2) liming got the first place, and _ made his parents happy. a. so b. which c. as d. this强化练习1. last week, only two people came to look at the house, _ wanted to buy it. (2007安徽卷)a. none of them b. both of them c. none of whom d. neither of whom2. we shouldnt spend our money testing so many people, most of _ are healthy. a. that b. which c. what d. whom3. the village has developed a lot _ we learned farming two years ago. (2007福建卷)a. when b. which c. that d. where4. by serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, _ can be very eye-opening and rewarding. (2007湖南卷 a. who b. which c. what d. that5. he was educated at the local high school, _ he went on to beijing university. a. after which b. after that c. in which d.in that6. after graduation she reached a point in her career _ she had to decide what to do. a. that b. what c. which d. where7. some pre-school children go to a day-care center, _ they learn simple games and songs. a. then b. there c. while d. where8. where did you get to know her?it was on the farm，_ we worked. (2007山东卷) a. that b. there c. which d. where9. the book was written in 1946, _ the education system has witnessed great charges. (2007山东卷) a. when b. during which c. since then d. since when10. today, well discuss a number of cases _ beginners of english fail to use the language property.a. which b. as c. why d. where11. it is reported that two schools, _ are being built in my hometown, will open next year. (2007四川卷)a. they both b. which both c. both of them d. both of which12. those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _ sight matters more than hearing. (2007天津卷) a. when b. whose c. which d. where 13. chans restaurant on baker street, _ used to be poorly run, is now a successful business. (2007浙江卷) a. that b. which c. who d. where14. human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _ they can be controlled on purpose. (2007重庆卷) a. with which b. to which c. of which d. for which15. eric received training in computer for one year, _ he found a job in a big company. 2007 辽宁卷 a. after that b. after which c. after it d. after this16. nine oclock, all the olympic torch bearers had reached the top of mount qomolangma, _ appeared a rare rainbow soon. (2008福建)a. of which b. on which c. from which d. above which17. the man pulled out a gold watch, _ were made of small diamonds. (2008陕西卷)a. the hands of whom b. whom the hands of c. which the hands of d. the hands of which18. they will fly to washington, _they plan to stay for two or three days。(2008重庆) a. where b. there c. which d. when19. occasions are quite rare _ i have the time to spend a day with the kids. (08山东)a. who b. which c. why d. when20. the growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _ are beyond our control. (2008湖南卷) a. most of them b. most of which c. most of what d. most of that21. ill give you my friends home address, _ i can be reached most evenings。(08北京卷) a. which b. when c. whom d. where22. all the neighbor admire this family. _the parents are treating their child like a friend. (2008安徽卷) a. why b. where c. which d. that23. villagers here depend on the fishing industry, _ there wont be much work. (2008上海春招) a. where b. that c. by which d. without which24. for many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, _ new york is an example。 a. for which b. in which c. of which d. from which25. we went through a period _ communications were very difficult in the rural areas. (2008年上海卷) a. which b. whose c. in which d. with which1.the place _interested me most was the childrens palace. a. which b. where c. what d. in which 2.do you know the man _? a. whom i spoke b. to who spoke c. i spoke to d. that i spoke 3.this is the hotel _last month. a. which they stayed b. at that they stayed c. where they stayed at d. where they stayed 4.do you know the year _the chinese communist party was founded? a. which b. that c. when d. on which 5.that is the day _ill never forget. a. which b. on which c. in which d. when 6.the factory _well visit next week is not far from here. a. where b. to which c. which d. in which 7.great changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are working. a. where b. that c. which d. there 8.this is one of the best films _. a. that have been shown this year b. that have shown c. that has been shown this year d. that you talked 9.can you lend me the book _the other day? a. about which you talked b. which you talked c. about that you talked d. that you talked 10.the pen _he is writing is mine. a. with which b. in which c. on which d. by which 11.they arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy. a. whom b. who c. which d. that 12.the engineer _my father works is about 50 years old. a. to whom b. on whom c. with which d. with whom 13.it there anyone in your class _family is in the country? a. who b. whos c. which d. whose 14.im interested in _you have said. a. all that b. all what c. that d. which 15.i want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday. a. which b. who c. what d. as 16.he isnt such a man _he used to be. a. who b. whom c. that d. as 17.he is good at english, _we all know. a. that b. as c. whom d. what 18.li ming, _to the concert enjoyed it very much. a. i went with b. with whom i went c. with who i went d.i went with him 19.i dont like _ as you read. a. the novels b. the such novels c. such novels d. same novels 20.he talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school. a. which b. that c. whom d. what 21.the letter is from my sister, _is working in beijing. a. which b. that c. whom d. who 22.in our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women. a. them b. which c. whom d. who 23.youre the only person _ive ever met _could do it. a. who;/ b./; whom c. whom;/ d./; who 24.i lost a book, _i cant remember now. a. whose title b. its title c. the title of it d. the title of that 25.last summer we visited the west lake, _hangzhou is famous in the world. a. for which b. for that c. in which d. what 26.i have bought such a watch _ was advertised on tv. a. that b. which c. as d. it 27.i can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together. a. when; which b. which; when c. what; that d. on which; when 28.the way _he looks at problems is wrong. a. which b. whose c. what d./ 29.this is the reason _he didnt come to the meeting. a. in which b. with which c. that d. for which 30.this machine, _for many years, is still working perfectly. a. after which i have looked b. which i have looked after c. that i have looked after d. i have looked after 31.the reason _he didnt come was _he was ill. a. why; that b.that; why c. for that;that d.for which;what 32.he is working hard, _will make him pass the final exam. a.that b.which c.for which d.who 33.that is not the way _i do it. a./ b.which c.for which d.with which 34.i have two grammars, _are of great use. a. all of which b. either of which c. both of that d. both of which 35.i want to use the same tools _used in your factory a few days ago. a. as was b. which was c. as were d. which 36.my neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _ was very kind of them. a. who b. which c. that d. it 37.this is the magazine _ i copied the paragraph. a. that b. which c. from that d. from which 38.he is not such a man _ would leave his work half done. a. that b. which c. who d. as 39. you can depend on whatever promise _ he makes. a. / b. why c. when d. whose 40. smoking, _ is a bad habit, is, however, popular. a. that b. which c. it d. though 41. - did you ask the guard _ happened? - yes, he told me all _ he knew. a. what; that b. what; what c. which; which d. that; that 42. i shall never forget those years _ i lived on the farm with the farmers, _ has a great effect on my life. a. when; who b. that; which c. which; that d. when; which 43. the number of the people who _ cars _ increasing. a. owns; are b. owns; is c. own; is d. own; are 44. during the days _, he worked as a servant at the browns. a. followed b. following c. to follow d. that followed 45. is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? a. that b. / c. which d. it 46. the clever boy made a hole in the wall, _ he could see _ was going on inside house. a. which; what b. through which; what c. through that; what d. what; that 47. is _ some german friends visited last week? a. this school b. this the school c. this school one d. this school where 48. john got beaten in the game, _ had been expected. a. as b. that c. what d. who 49. i have bought two ballpens, _ writes well. a. none of them b. neither of them c. neither of which d. none of which 50. all that can be eaten _ eaten up. a. are being b. has been c. had been d. have beenkeys: 1-5 dddba 6-10 ddddd 11-15 ddbbb 16-20 ddadb 21-25 bddcc参考答案及解析 1. a. which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。 2c. 和谁讲话”要说speak to sb. 本题全句应为do you know the man whom i spoke to.。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。 3. d. where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 4. c. when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 5a. which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。 6c. 解析同第5题。 7. a. 解析见第3题。 8. a. 本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the，则the one应该视为先行词。 9. a. “谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。 10. a. with which是介词+关系代词结构,常用来引导定语从句.with有用的意思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that. with which在定语从句中作状语,即he is writing with a pen. 11. c. in front of which 即in front of a farmhouse. in front of which在从句中作状语. 12. d. with whom引导定语从句.with whom放在从句中即为:my father works with the engineer. 13. d. whose引导定语从句,在从句中作主语family的定语. 14. a. that引导定语从句,因为先行词是all,所以只能选用that引导. 15. d. the same.as是固定用法, as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本句话中,as作从句的主语. 16. d. such as是固定用法,as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本题中,as作表语. 17. b. as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往指代整个主句的含义。as在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作宾语. 18. b. li ming enjoyed it very much是主句,with whom i went to the concert是定语从句.with whom放在从句中为:i went to the concert with li ming. 19. c. as引导定语从句时通常构成suchas或the sameas固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。 as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。such修饰单数名词时,要用such a.,本题中such books, such直接修饰复数名词. 20. b. things和persons是先行词.当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人,又表示物的名词时,其关系代词要用that. 21. d. who引导非限制性定语从句,who作从句的主语. 22. c. two thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers. 23. d. 先行词person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为, whom作从句中met的宾语,可以省略.第二个从句who could do it.who在从句中作主语,不可省略. 24. a. whose title引导非限制性定语从句,whose title也可以说成the title of which 25. a. for which 引导定语从句,使用介词for,是来自于从句中的固定短语 be famous for 以.而闻名. 26. c. 当先行词被