M6U4Grammar.doc

M6U4 Helping people around the worldPeriod Grammar Part I Preview sheet主备：徐丽莉 审核：谢琴预习的目标和要求：1. 自主阅读虚拟语气知识要点讲解内容，了解虚拟语气的基本用法。2. 复习第三单元语法重点讲解的虚拟条件句。3. 完成课前预习题；一、语气的定义和种类由于说话人意图的不同，动词需用不同的形式，称为语气。英语有三种语气：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。1、 陈述语气表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如：He is a teacher. What a fine day it is!2、 祈使语气表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。如: Please come in. Be careful!3、虚拟语气: 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如：If I were you, I should study English. 如果我是你，我就学英语了。 May you succeed! 祝您成功！二、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的使用。1、虚拟条件句中主、从句谓语采用不同的形式。情 况条 件 从 句主 句 与现在事实相反 过去式(be用 were)Would(should,could might)+动词原形 与过去事实相反 had+动词过去分词Would(should,could,might)+have+动词过去分词 与将来事实相反 1.过去式 2.should+动词原形 3. were to+动词原形Would(should,could,might)+动词原形 例：If I had come here yesterday, I would have seen him. If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students. If it should snow tomorrow, they couldnt go out.注意事项1).if条件句中如有were, should, had，可以省去if，were, should, had提前，使用倒装语序。如: Should he come (If he should come), tell him to ring me up. Were I you (If I were you), I would not do it. 2).be动词在表示与现在事实相反的从句中一般用were。如：If he were you，he would go at once.3).主句中的should通常用于第一人称，would，could以及might可以用于各种人称.4).在表示与将来事实相反的条件从句中，只能用should，而不能用would，could和might等 如：If it should rain tomorrow，we would not go camping(should rain也可以用rained，were to rain代替)2、混合条件句 或称错综时间条件句 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，要分别根据它所表示的不同时间作相应的调整 如：If you had followed my advice, you would be better now3、 含蓄条件句 有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来替代条件句。（1）用介词短语替代条件句。常用介词有with，without，but for等如：Without air (If there were not air), there would be no living things. We couldnt have succeeded without your help(=if we hadnt got your help) But for your help (If it hadnt been for your help) I couldnt have done it. （2）用一个副词或连词but / otherwise / or等表示虚拟条件和真实情况交织在一句中如： I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with them. = If I hadnt been busy that day, I would have gone there with them. 我那天很忙，否则，我就和他们一起去那儿了。(如果我那天不忙的话，我就)； I would have finished the work, but I have been ill. = If I hadnt been ill, I would have finished the work. 我本来该完成这项工作的，但我生病了。(如果我没生病的话，我就会完成)（3） 用分词短语或独立主格结构来替代条件句如：Everything taken into consideration，they would have raised their output quickly = If everything had been taken into consideration)，they would have raised their output quickly4、省去条件从句或主句：表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略，但其含义仍可以推知。（1）省去条件从句。如: You could have washed your clothes yourself. 你本可以自已洗衣服的。省去了If you had wanted to)(事实是:你自己没洗衣服，因为你不想洗。)（2）省去主句(常用以表示愿望)。如: If my grandmother were with me! 如果我的祖母与我在一起多好啊!(事实是:祖母已不在世。)；If only she had not left! 如果她没走就好了!(事实是:她已经走了。)三、虚拟语气的其他用法l、虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法：在It is important (strange，natural，necessary)that这类句型里，that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用 “should十动词原形”结构，表示某事是重要、奇怪、自然、必要等意义。如： It is important that every member (should) inform himself of these rules. 重要的是每个成员知道这些规则。2、虚拟语气在宾语从句中用法：（1）在动词wish后的宾语从句中，表示与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句通常省略连词that。A. 表示对现在情况的虚拟:从句动词用过去式或过去进行式(be动词一般用were)。如： I wish I knew the answer to the question. 我希望知道这个问题的答案。(可惜不知道)；B. 表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用had十过去分词。如： I wish (wished) I hadnt spent so much money. 我后悔不该花那么多钱。(实际上已经花掉)；C. 表示对将来的主观愿望:谓语动词形式为would/could十动词原形。如： I wish it would stop raining. I wish you would come soon. （2） 在表示建议、要求、命令等词的名词性语从句中，谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”should可以省略。如： I demand that he (should) answer me immediately. He gave us his suggestion that we (should) not go on doing the experiment. His suggestion is that we (should) finish the task immediately.3、虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法（1）在带有even if/ even though引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中，主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。如： Even if he had been ill, he would have gone to his office. （2）由as if或as though引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be用were)或 “had十过去分词”。如： He treated me as if I were a stranger. She talked about the film as if she had really seen it. 注：如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。 It looks as if it is going to rain.4、 虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法：在It is (high)time (that) 句型中，定语从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气表示将来，动词形式一般用过去式，意思是该干某事的时候了。如：Its (high) time we did our homework. / Its (high) time we should do our homework.我们该做作业了。5、虚拟语气在简单句中的用法用“may + 动词原形”表示祝愿、但愿”，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。如：May you be happy!祝你快乐！自我预习检测题判断下列句子正误，并将错误的予以纠正。 1. If it rains tomorrow, I would not go there. (It is going to rain tomorrow)2. If it should rain tomorrow, I would not go there.3. How I wish I passed the exam! (But I didnt )4. My suggestion is that we turned to our teacher while in trouble.5. His pale face suggested that he should be ill, and his parents suggested that he had a medical examination.6. They talked as if they have been friends for years.7. Its high time that we go to the concert.8. You didnt let me drive. If we drove in turn, you wouldt have got so tiredPart 2 Activity leading sheet学习目标和要求:1. 学习并掌握虚拟语气的基本用法。2. 通过学习，学生能运用所学虚拟语气知识解决实际问题。教学方法： 以学生为中心的活动导学，注重自主、合作、探究。教学过程：Activity 1: 自我预习检测题Activity 2: 虚拟条件句要点回顾1. 虚拟条件句情 况条 件 从 句主 句 与现在事实相反 与过去事实相反 与将来事实相反 1. 2. 3. 2. 虚拟条件从句中可以把if省略，并将这三个词_, _, _提到句首。3. As if 状语从句中的虚拟4. wish + 宾语从句 与现在的事实相反，谓语动词用：_ 与过去的事实相反，谓语动词用：_ 与将来的事实相反，谓语动词用：_5. would rather that 与现在的事实相反，谓语动词用：_ 与过去的事实相反，谓语动词用：_ 与将来的事实相反，谓语动词用：_6. 表示要求，命令，建议等的名词性从句_.7. 虚拟语气在定语从句中的使用 Its high time +that - 8. think / want / hope / expect / plan / mean / intend等词用_表示“原来希望做到而实际上未能实现的事”. 其后的宾语从句谓语用“_”Activity 3: 课堂检测一、语法填空（用所给动词的恰当形式填空）1. He insisted that she_(be)seriously ill and that _(send) to hospitals at once.2. It is important that we _ (master) a foreign language.3. I wish it _ (rain) tomorrow. In that case, I wont go to the library.4. If only I _ (finish) my homework last night! Anyway, its too late to say anything now.5. If you _ (follow) my advice, you _ (not be) in trouble now.二、根据汉语句子完成英语句子（注意动词的形式）1. 是我们该将我们的注意力转向这个问题的时候了。Its high time that we _ this problem.2. 随着英语变的越来越重要，我们必须要学好英语。As English becomes more and more important, its necessary that we _ English well.3. 我们要求随时被通知最新的消息。We demanded that we _ of the latest news.4. 我宁愿你不要打开窗户，因为我觉得有点冷。Id rather you _ the window, because I feel a little cold.三、单选1. You _ park your car here! Its an emergency exit. A. wouldnt B. neednt C. couldnt D. mustnt2. - John went to the hospital alone. - If he _ me about it, I would have gone with him. A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told3. If it were not for the fact that you _ ill, I would ask you to do this right now. A. were B. had been C. are D. should be4. You _ such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice. A. may not make B. might not make C. mustnt have made D. might not have made5. Had you listened to the doctor, you _ all right now. A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been6. You _ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago. A. would B. should have C. may D. have 7. -Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York? -I agree, but the problem is _he has refused to. A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what8. If I _plan to do anything I wanted to, Id like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to9. If only you _ him what I said! Everything would have been all right. A. didnt told B. hadnt told C. would not tell D. would have not told10. He must have had an accident or he_ here then. A. would have been B. had been C. must have been D. could be11. Teachers recommend parents _ their children under 12 to ride to school for safety. A. not allow B. do not allow C. mustnt allow D. couldnt allow 12. The computer is of good quality. If it _ break down within the first year. We would repair it at our expense. A. would B. could C. might D. should 13. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken14. Janes pale face suggested that she _ ill, and her parents suggested that she _ a medical examination. A. be, should have B. was, have C. should be, had D. was, has15. The bus driver insisted that he _ at normal speed and therefore _ for the childs death.A. drive, not answer B. was driving, shouldnt answerC. should drive, shouldnt have answered D. drove, shouldnt answerPart3 Consolidation Sheet一、语法填空（用所给动词的恰当形式填空）1. But for your timely help, we _ (finish) our work in time. 2I _ (ask) him for help, but he was so busy with his work then.3. They _ (get) two tickets. Otherwise, they wouldnt have been able to go there.4 Though he is not a wealthy man, he treats me as though I _ (be) his own child rather than an adopted one.5. Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy _ (save)二、根据汉语句子完成英语句子（注意动词的形式）1. 我多么希望我没有浪费那么多时间玩电脑游戏。How I wish I _ so much time playing computer games.2. 她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样She talked about the film as if she _ it. 3. 如果你早一点告诉我，我就和你一起去了。If you _ earlier, I _ with you.4. 要是能有一门语言能让所有人理解和使用就好了。If only there _ a kind of language that all could understand and use.三、单选1. (2011安徽卷)26. What do you think of store shopping in the future?Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but _.A. will never replace B. would never replace C. will never be replaced D. would never be2. But for their help，we the program in time Acan not finish Bwill not finish Chad not finished Dcould not have finished3. (2011江苏卷)34. I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to the railway officials. How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone_ it.A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen4. (2009福建卷) But for the help of my English teacher, I the first prize in the English Writing Competition. A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won5. (2011江西卷)28. We _ Johns name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.A. will putB. will have putC. would put D. would have put6. (09江苏卷)He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he _ it differently. A. could express B. would expressC. could have expressed D. must have expressed7. (2011天津卷)15. I _ sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me.A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come8. (2009天津卷)This printer is of good quality. If it _ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. A. would B. should C. could D. might9. (2009浙江卷)The doctor recommended that you swim after eating a large meal.A. wouldnt B. couldnt C. neednt D. shouldnt10. (2009重庆卷)Hi, Tom . Any idea where Jane is? She _in the classroom . I saw her there just now.A. shall be B. should have been C. must be D. might have been11. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _ himself.A. injureB. had injured C. injuredD. would injure12. It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios _ after 11 oclock at night.A. were not p