高考英语一轮复习 Unit1《Cultural relics》精品学案 新人教版必修2.doc

2013版英语一轮精品复习学案：unit1cultural relics（新人教版必修2）【高考新动向】【考纲全景透析】【重点单词】1 survive vt.比。活得长；（经过.）活（保存）下来 vi.活下来；幸存；残留 many birds didnt survive the severe winter.很多鸟死于这次严冬。 of the six people injured in the crash, only two survived.在这次撞车事故受伤的六人中，只有两人活了下来。2. select vt. 挑选；选择辨析select / choose / elect / pick这些动词均含有“选择”之意。select 强调在广泛的范围内进行“精选或淘汰”，侧重以客观为标准进行选择。choose 普通用词，侧重根据个人意愿和判断从众多的对象中进行选择，着重被选者的优点。elect 指按照一定的规章或法律，用投票等方式进行的认真慎重的选择。pick 口语用词，强调“从个人角度在众多之中进行挑选”，有时含有“任意选择”的意思。【即境活用】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1). please _ a good book for me.2). she _ a diamond ring from the collection.3). we _ our monitor by a show of hands.4). she _ the red sweater rather than the pink one.keys: 1). pick 2). selected 3). elected 4). chose 3. fancy adj.奇特的，异样的i just want a basic sports coat-nothing fancy.我只要一件简单的运动外衣不带什么特别装饰的。【拓展延伸】vt.想象，设想，爱好。1） fancy sb. as/(to be) 想象是i cant fancy him as(to be) an english teacher. 我无法想象他教英语会是什么样子。2）fancy (sb.) doing 想象某人做（常用祈使句表示惊奇或震惊）。fancy meeting you here! 想不到在这儿见到你了!3） fancy sth. 想要、做。i fancy a ride. 我很想乘车去兜兜风 【即境活用】 we should fancy him_ our friend. a. to b. as c. for d. in 【答案】b 考查fancy sb. as/(to be)。掌握fancy sb. as/(to be)即可4 doubt n.怀疑，疑惑 v怀疑，不信 there is no doubt at all that we did the right thing.毫无疑问我们做得对。 i never doubted that she would come.我从未怀疑过她会来。 i doubt whether/if the new one will be any better.我不敢断定这个新的是否会好些 this meeting has been ,without doubt,one of the most useful we have had so far.这无疑是我们迄今为止最有用的一次会议导的从句。little “几乎没有”，相当于“no”。5. worth adj.值得（做某事）; 有（做某事）的价值; n.价值; 用处典例 1). the new car cost a lot of money, but its certainly worth it. 买这辆新汽车花了很多钱, 但确实物有所值。2). the thieves stole 1 million worth of jewellery. 窃贼偷走了价值100万英镑的珠宝。重点用法be worth doing sth值得（做某事）; 有（做某事）的价值worth of sth用于表示数量 持续时间等的名词之后，值某金额的量【即境活用】中译英1). 这本书值得一读。_2). 他有十英镑的汽油。_keys: 1). the book is worth reading/its worth reading the book. 2). he has ten pounds worth of petrol. 【重点短语】in search of 寻找 i went off in srarch of a garage where icould buy some perol.我去寻找加油站买汽油 the police searched the suspect but found no weapon on him.警察搜查了嫌疑犯，但在他身上找不到武器。 he searched desperately for something to say.他搜肠刮肚，想找点话说2. belong to 属于；是的成员；是中的一部分who does this watch belong to? 这块表是谁的？【拓展延伸】1）belong vi.应被放置在，应处在（某处），适合在某处，不与to连用，后面通常跟副词和其他介词短语i dont really feel i belong here. 我感觉我并不适合在这个地方2）不用于进行时态，被动语态。to 为介词，其后接代词、名词类短语及从句，表示所归属的对象3）belongings n.财产，所有物；行李she lost all her belongings in the earthquake. 她在地震中失去了所有的财产【即镜活用】as is known to us all, china is a developing country_ the third world.a. belonging b. belonged c. belonging to d. belonged to【解析】c 考查belong to 的用法。belong to 此处作定语，无被动和进行，必须和to连用构成及物3. think highly of 看重；器重 we all think highly of her. 我们都很看重她。 he thinks nothing of walking four miles to work and back every day.他不把每天步行四英里上下班当回事。 i dont think much of her idea.我认为她的主意不怎么样【重点句型】1. frederick william i，the king of prussia，could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the russian people would have such an amazing history普鲁士国王胖特烈威廉一世怎么也不会想到他送给俄罗斯人的厚礼会有这样一段令人吃惊的历史。can/could have done 表示对过去发生的行为进行推测，常译为“可能”、“会”。一般用于否定句和疑问句he cant/couldnt have done it because he was an honest man.他不可能做这件事，因为他是个诚实的人can/could the work have been finished on time?这项工作能按时完成吗？【点拨】could have done还可用来表示责备或批评，常译作“本来可以”、“本来能”等。you could have been more considerate.你本来可以更慎重些。【拓展延伸】 must have done 常用于肯定句，意为“一定”、“肯定是”。may/might have done 意思是“可能”、“也许”常用于否定句和肯定句中。 should have done 本该- neednt have done 本来不需要- would have done 本来会-it must have been very late when he left the office.他离开办公室时，一定很晚了。he may/might have heard it from mary.他可能从玛丽那里听说了此事。【即境活用】-did you visit the big ben in london?-no, we_it, but we spent too much time shopping.a. could visit b. could have visited c. must have visited d. can have visited【解析】b 考查情态动词表猜测。could have done表示“原本能够完成但事实并非如此”【热点难点全析】the restrictive and non-restrictive attributive clause限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句概说在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句按其语法性质可分为限制性和两种。限定性定语从句用来限定先行词的范围，是不可缺少的成分；非限制性定语从句用来补充说明先行词，添加信息，省略后对全句没有太大的影响。一、限制性定语从句引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有that（指人或物，作主语或宾语），which(指物，作主语或宾语)，who(指人，作主语)，whom(指人，作宾语)，whose(指人或物,作定语); 关系副词有：where(指地点)，when(指时间)，why(指原因)，关系副词全是用来作状语的。关系代词和关系副词的用法和作用可列表如下：关系代词： 作用 功能用于限定性或非限定性定语从句只用于限定性定语从句代替人代替物代替人或物主语whowhichthat宾语whowhichthat定语whose(=of whom)whose(=of which)关系副词：关系副词被代替的先行词在从句中的作用when(=at/in/on/during which)表示时间的名词时间状语where(=in/at/from which)表示地点的名词地点状语why(=for which)只有reason原因状语1、关系代词作主语，宾语，定语。如：this is the man who / that helped me. 这位是帮助过我的那个人。he is a man who / that means what he says. 他是一个说话算数的人。do you know the man who / that came to see me this morning？ 你认识今天早晨来看我的那个人吗？those who want to see the film please put up your hands. 凡是想去看电影的人请举手。the leader (that / whom) you are looking for is in the meeting room. 你找的那位领导在会议室里。he is a man (that / whom) we should all learn from. 他是一个我们大家都应该学习的人。the music (that / which) they are playing is beautiful. 他们演奏的音乐很动听。the pen (that / which) you gave me is very nice. 你送给我的钢笔很好。there are many books (that / which) id like to read. 有很多我想看的书。do you know the girl whose father works in a hospital? 你认识她父亲在医院工作的那个女孩吗？is there anyone whose family is in the street? 有谁的家在街道吗？he is the student whose handwriting is the best in our class. 他就是我们班书法最好的那个学生。that is our teaching building whose top you can see here. 那是我们的教学楼，你在这里能看到它的顶部。have you visited the house whose color (the color of which) is red? 你参观过那栋红颜色的房子吗？2关系副词在定语从句中作状语：1）where通常用于表示地点的先行词后面，一般不能省略。i know of a place where we can swim. 我知道一个可以游泳的地方。is there a shop where we can get fruit? 有可以买到水果的商店吗？注意：先行词表示地点时，有时用where, 有时用that(which)引导定语从句，这时要看从句的谓语动词是及物动词还是不及物动词。如果是及物动词就要用that (which),否则用where. 例如：this is the house where he lived last year. 这就是他去年住过的房子。this is the house (that / which) he visited last year. 这就是他去年参观过的房子。he works in a factory where (around which) the surroundings are very beautiful. 他在一个环境优雅的工厂工作。he works in a factory that/which makes computers. 他在一个制造计算机的工厂工作。2)when 通常用在表示时间概念的名词后。spring is the season when (in which) flowers are blooming. 春天是鲜花开放的季节。sunday is the day when (on which) the students dont go to school. 星期天是学生不上学的日子。但在不少情况下，可以不用when, 特别是在某些句型和时间状语中，作状语用的名词前不用加介词，这时关系副词when可以被that代替，或不用关系副词或关系代词。the second time (when / that) i saw him was in 1980. 我第二次看见他是在1980年。come any time you like. 你随便什么时候来都行。3)why 通常用在表示原因的先行词reason后, 有时也可以用that 代替或省略：the reason (why / that) he failed was his laziness. 他失败的原因在于他的懒惰。that is the reason (why / that) i did it. 这就是我这样做的原因。二、非限制性定语从句引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有：which(指人，作主语或宾语)，who(指人，作主语)，whom(指人，作宾语)，whose(指人或物，作定语)，关系副词只有where, 非限制性定语从句一般要用逗号跟主句断开。you should go to see mary, who has been ill for a long time. 你应该去看看玛丽，她病了好长时间了。last night i saw a very good film, which is about the second world war. 昨天晚上我看了一部好电影，是关于第二次世界大战的。my brother, whom you saw just now, is an engineer. 我弟弟是个工程师，你刚才见到他了。my cousin, whose english is the best in his school, is going to study in australia this week. 我的表弟这个星期要去澳大利亚学习，他的英语在他们学校是最好的。the building, whose roof (the roof of which) we can see from here, is a church. 那栋楼是教堂，我们可以从这里看见它的屋顶。he is leaving for beijing, where he will attend a meeting. 他要去北京，在那里参加一次会议。 限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句在语法性质和用法上有区别，有时在意思上也有区别。例如：he has a son, who is a writer. 他有一个儿子，儿子是作家。（他就一个儿子。定语从句起补充说明的作用。）he has a son who is a writer. 他有一个是作家的儿子。（他有几个儿子，其中一个是作家。定语从句起修饰限定范围的作用。）三、定语从句中几个应注意的问题：1、先行词way后的定语从句可用in which引导,也可以用that引导, 也可以省略，不要关系代词或关系副词。that is the way i look at it. 这就是我对这件事的看法。that was the way she looked after us. 她就是这样照顾我们的。the way he talked reminded us of his grandfather. 他讲话的样子使我们想起了他的祖父。2、as 的用法：1）as用作关系代词和关系副词引导限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或状语，构成the same as , such as 等结构。例如： we should publish such good books as will help the young people grow healthily. 我们应当出版这样的帮助年轻人健康成长的好书。 pollution is such a big problem as concerns the whole mankind. 污染是关系到全人类的大问题。 i like the same book as you do. 我和你喜欢同样的书。such students (students such) as you have mentioned should be criticized. 你提到的那种学生应该受到批评。 i shall do it (in) the same way as you did. ( as 为关系副词，作状语。) 我也该用和你同样的方法做这件事。2）as 引导非限定性定语从句，as 在定语从句中作主语或宾语，这个定语从句用来说明整个主句，它可以放在主句之前。例如：as is known to all, he is the best student in our class. 大家都知道，他是我们班最好的学生。as we all know, he studies very hard. 正如我们所知道的，他学习很刻苦。3）常用的这种类似插入语的句式还有: as it said above “如上所述”。as it is “按照现状 “ as is often the case “这是常事；正如经常发生的一样”。as it were “似乎、好像、仿佛、可以说”3、关系代词which和as 在定语从句中的区别：1）as作关系代词，代指整个主句；而which在非限制性定语从句中既可以修饰整个主句，又可以修饰主句的一部分。he is a good doctor, which is true. 他是一个好医生，确实是这样。（修饰整个主句） she was very strict with her child, which her husband seldom was. 她对孩子很严格，而她丈夫却很少这样。（which 代指strict with her child）dont call between 12 oclock and 1 oclock, at which time im usually having lunch. 别在12点和1点之间打电话，那个时候我通常正在吃午饭。i told him to go to a doctor, which advice he took. ( which= and this ) 我告诉他去找大夫，他听了这个劝告。she is studying economics, which knowledge is very important today. 她在学习经济学，这个知识今天非常重要。2) which不能放在句首，而as则可以。3) as有“正如、就像”之意，而which则没有。4）which 可用作表语。既可以指人，又可以指物；指人时，一般指从事某种职业的或是有特性、品质或才能的人。the modern car is no longer the car which it was in 1930s. 现代汽车不再是20世纪30年代的车了。he will become the man which his father wants him to be. 他将成为父亲所期望的人。she looks like a russian, which you are not. (= she looks like a russian, while you are not like a russian.) 4、只能用that的情况：1）先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等。all that we have to do is to practice every day. 我们要做的就是每天练习。2）先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰。例如：ask any question that you dont understand. 提问任何你们不懂的问题。3）先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰。例如：this is the most beautiful place that i have ever visited. 这是我参观过的最美丽的地方。4）先行词被the only, the very修饰时。例如:he is the only foreigner that has been to that place. 他是去过那个地方的唯一的一个外国人。5）先行词既有人又有物时。例如：they talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school. 他们谈论着他们能记得的那些在学校的人和事。 5、不能用that的情况：1）在非限制性定语从句中：beijing, which is the capital of china, is a very beautiful city.北京是一个非常美丽的城市，它是中国的首都。2）定语从句由“介词关系代词”引导，先行词是人，关系代词用whom; 先行词是物，关系代词用which.the person at whom the boys are laughing is johns father. 那个被男孩子们取笑的人是约翰的父亲。the thing about which he is talking is very important. 他们正在谈论的事情很重要。上面两个句子，如果把介词放在laughing, talking之后，关系代词仍然可用that.在这类句式中，如果是含有介词的短语动词，就不能把介词提前，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：is this the knife which you are looking for? 这是你在寻找的刀子吗？he is the old man whom mary has taken care of for a long time. 他就是玛丽照顾了很久的那位老人。3）注意关系代词which, whom作介词of的宾语时的结构。they are having a meeting, the importance of which is known to everybody. 他们正在开会，会议的重要性是众所周知的。there are over 2000 students in this school, sixty per cent of whom are boys. 这个学校有2000多名学生，百分之六十是男孩。【典型例题】1. is this radio the one you would like _? a. to have it repaired b. to have repaired 世纪金榜c. to repair it d. have it repaired2. she brought with her three friends, none of _ i had ever met before. a. them b. who c. whom d. these世纪金3. we will be shown around the parks, schools and some places of interest, _ other tourists often go. a. what b. which c. where d. when4. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. a. it b. as c. that d. what5. a high public tolerance for - and low public awareness of - noise pollution has provided bus video advertisers with a paradise _ their businesses.a. in which to expand b. which to expand inc. where to expand d. that they expand in6. shijiazhuang is the base of the sanlu group _baby milk food has killed three childrena. whose b. which c. that d. where答案：16 bccbaa【语法专练】1.the factory produces 10 thousand trunks every year, half _are sold abroad.a. which of b. of which c.of them d.of that2. i dont like you speak to her.a. the way b. the way in that c. the way which d. the way of which 3. were living in a society_ exchanging presents is an important part in communication. a. which b. when c. why d. where4. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. a. it b. as c. that d. what5. mr. king, _ car the little boy goes to kindergarten every day is his fellow friends father.a. whose b. in whose c. which d. in which 6. all the neighbors admire this family _ the parents are treating their child like a friend.a. why b. where c. which d. that 世纪7. in fact that was _ time _ foreigners seldom came to the city.a. a; which b. a; when c. the; that d. the; then8. is this skirt _ she likes best?a. that b. which c. one d. the one9.the professor in the end decided to give the prize to _ he believed had a good sense of english. a. who b. anyone c. whoever d. whomever10. he gave us another piece of advice, _ of great help to the research work. a. which i think is b. which i think it isc. i think which is d. i think it is答案：15 badbb 610 bbdca【高考零距离】1、（2012安徽卷29）a lot of language learning， has been discovered,is happening in the first year of life,so parents should talk much to their children during that period.a. as b. it c. which d. this【解析】选a考查定语从句。如果选择b或d 就出现了两个句子了。本题考查非限制性定语从句,关系代词指整个一句话lot of language learning is happening in the first year of life。传统考法是直接把从句放在句首，我不知道这里是不是算作句首，我相信学生们也会是一头雾水吧。（as用在句首，which用在句末，正确答案应该是a）2、（2012江西卷28）28by 16:30,_was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold. awhich bwhen cwhat dthat【解析】选a。考查非限制性定语从句。which引导非限制性定语从句，代指先行词16：30，作定语从句的主语。到16：:30几乎是截止时间时，几乎所有的画都被售出了。由句意可知考查非限制性定语从句，排除cd；根据句子结构，定语从句缺少主语，故选关系代词a which ，而不选关系副词b3、（2012湖南卷34）care of the soul is a gradual process_ even the small details of life should be considered.a. what b. in what c. which d. in which【解析】选d。考查定语从句，此处process为时间，且从句完整，故用in the process.作定语从句的状语，相当于in which.4（2011北京卷 t26）26. mary was much kinder to jack than she was to the others, , of course, made all the others upset.a. who b. which c. what d. that【解析】选b。考查定语从句。句意为：玛丽对待杰克比对其他人好的多，当然，这使得其他所有人心烦。分析句子结构可知逗号后是一个非限制性定语从句，排除d项；c项不能引导定语从句，故排除；关系代词代指逗号前的整个句子，故排除a项，正确答案为b项。5.（2010福建卷t27）more and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities space.a. in search of b. in place of c. for lack of d. for fear of 【解析】选c 考查介词短语。句意为：“因为缺少空间，越来越多的高层建筑在城市中被建造。”a项意为“寻找”；b项意为“代替，替代”；c项意为“缺乏，短缺”；d项意为“担心，害怕”。据句意可知，c项符合。6.（2010湖北卷t24） mistakes dont just happen; they occur for a reason. find out the reason and then making the mistake becomes . a. favourable b. precious c. essential d. worthwhile【解析】选d形容词词义辨析，同时也涉及到构词法。 “worthwhile”表示“值得的，有价值的”表示犯错误是值得的。a表示“喜爱的，赞同的”，b“珍贵的”c“本质的”，只要知道词义，并联系生活常识，该题还是很容易得出答案的。7.（2010山东卷t34） her father is very rich._ she wouldnt accept his help even if it were offered. a. what for? b. so what? c. no doubt. d. no wonder.【解析】选b本题考查交际英语在具体语境中的使用。句意应为“-她父亲非常富裕。-那又怎么样？即使主动给她帮助，她也不会接受的。”表示“那又怎么样？”用so what? 。what for？表示“为了什么？”；no doubt 表示“毫无疑问”；no wonder 表示“毫不奇怪”。8.【2009重庆卷t30】professor williams keeps telling his students that the future _to the well-educated.a. belongs b. is belongedc. is belonging d. will be belonged【解析】选a考查动词用法。belong无进行时和被动语态，由此排除b，c，d，故选a9. 【2009天津卷t14】 i travel to the binhai new area by light railway every day, _ do many businessmen who live in downtown tianjin.a. as b. which c. when d. though【解析】选a考查as的非限制性定语从句。后句有我的做法正如/正像生活在天津闹市区的商人一样。本句为避免头重脚轻结构经过了调整，主语和谓语颠倒，这点要注意，which代替上句部分和整体内容，此处没有它的意思，排除b;c，d均不合适，as 正如，正像的意思符合，故选a.10. 【2009浙江卷t14】i have reached a point in my life _ i am supposed to make decisions of my own.a. whichb. wherec. how d. why【解析】选。考查定语从句。当先行词是point, situation, case 表情形、情况等意思时，而从句中并不缺少主语、宾语，常会使用关系副词where,学生不要受in my life影响；选a。【考点提升训练】听力（略）单项选择21. 【2012届四川省成都石室中学高三二诊模拟】_ apple four hundred years ago led to the law of gravity while _ apple designed by steve jobs has changed our life greatlyathe; an ban; an can; the dthe; 不填22. 【2012届江西省上饶市第一次高考模拟】29dad，its raining heavily and i havent got my umbrellahow can i go back home? no worry，honey！ill be right there to you atake；up bcatch；up cpick；up dbring；up 23. although he is very young, he is much more experienced than others _ working ability. a. in praise ofb. in terms ofc. in search of d. in need of24.- i missed the first part of the film. it was really a pity. -you _ home half an hour earlier. a. should have left b. must have leftc. should leave d. must leave世纪金榜25.whats wrong with you? oh, i am sick. i _ so much ice cream just now. a. shouldnt eat b. mustnt