高考英语 阅读七选五（六选五）真题特色题型分类讲解.doc

2013高考英语真题特色题型详解阅读七选五(六选五)一、(2013课标卷i)第二节（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。business is the organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they want. the word business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services. most businesses seek to make a profit（利润） that is, they aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business. 71 commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers. 72 business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning, direction, and control of the operations of a business. 73 one is the establishment（制定） of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting. 74 the third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments. direction is concerned primarily with supervision（监管）and guidance by the management in authority. 75 a. control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.b. in this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.c. examples of nonprofit business include such organizations as social service agencies and may hospitals.d. however, some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs.e. the second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.f. in the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects.g. planning in business management has three main aspects.本文是一篇讨论商务和商务管理的说明文。虽然看似有很多专业术语，但是根据我们常说的“指路词”，以及对上下文的推理，其实要做出正确答案并不难，可谓是难度中等。文章第一段描述了business的两个含义：一是提供顾客所要商品和服务的方法；二是提供这些商品和服务的组织。文展第二段则细述了商务管理是用来描述计划、指导以及控制公司运作技巧的术语，并在下文中对这三方面进行了一一阐述。71.【答案】 d【解析】推理判断题。本题的后一句出现了一个新名词nonprofits（非盈利），而前文的内容是在说大多数企业都在寻求利润，那这里语义的突然变化就提示了我们空格处所填内容应该与seek to make a profit（寻求利益）语义相反，而与nonprofit相同，因为只有这样才能自然的引出下文。纵观选项，只有答案d出现了however，表示语义的转折，所以正确答案为d。72.【答案】c【解析】推理判断题。根据文意，前文提到的these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers中的these organizations实指non profits organizations，所以此处72题的内容应该是对nongovernmental service providers（非政府服务提供商）的进一步解释。纵观选项，只有答案c是在举例子，而且也出现了关键词nonprofit，所以正确答案为c。73.【答案】g【解析】推理判断题。这道题的解题方法就是我们说的充分利用“指路词”。下文中出现了one is.，the third relates.，可见本空是个总起句，概括了什么东西包含有三个方面。纵观选项，只有答案g出现了three，且主语planning正好复现了第二段首句出现的techniques of planning，所以正确答案为g。74.【答案】e【解析】推理判断题。还是依靠“指路词”，文中出现过了第一和第三，所以本空肯定描述的是第二方面。纵观选项，只有答案e出现了the second，所以答案为e。75.【答案】a【解析】推理判断题。观察第二段可知，商务管理中涉及的techniques of planning, direction均已经提到，只差最后一个control（控制）还未提及，所以本空一定和control有关。纵观选项，只有答案a出现了关键词control，所以答案为a。二、(2013课标卷ii)第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能坡入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多于选项。public speaking trainingget a coach 51 , so get help. since there are about a billion companies out there all ready to offer you public speaking training and courses, here are some things to look for when deciding the training thats right for you.focus on positivesany training you do to become more effective at public speaking should always focus on the positive aspects of what you already do well. nothing can hurt confidence more than being told that you arent doing well. 52 , so good public speaking training should develop those instead of telling you what you shouldnt do. 53 if you find a public speaking course that looks as though its going to give you lots of dos and donts, walk away! your brain is so full of what youre going to be talking about. 54 . as far as were concerned, there are basically no hard and fast rules about public speaking. your audience can be your friends.you are a special person not a clonemost importantly, good public speaking training should treat you as a special one, with your own personal habits. 55 . your training course should help you bring out your personality, not try to turn you into someone youre not.a. you arent like anybody elseb. you already do lots of things wellc. turn your back on too many rulesd. check the rules about dos and dontse. whatever the presentation, public speaking is toughf .the one thing you dont want is for them to fall asleepg. so trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make things worse该类题型考查段落衔接和整段理解。本篇为说明文。文章讲述了进行公共演讲的训练要点。纵览全文，f选项与文意无关，可以先行去除，将难度降低为从六个选项中选择五个。51.【答案】e. whatever the presentation, public speaking is tough【解析】根据下一句ready to offer you public speaking training and courses可知，开头说的是与public speaking 有关的问题，故选e。52.【答案】b. you already do lots of things well【解析】本题位于段中，通过上下文得出选项。后一句so good public speaking training should develop those与空格形成因果关系，所以空格中应表达“你已经做得很好了”的含义，所以b选项是正确答案。53.【答案】c. turn your back on too many rules【解析】本题位于段首，为整段的主旨大意。本段第一句中提到lots of dos and donts, walk away!可知，如果有的培训讲太多的条条框框的话，要对条条框框说不，所以c选项是正确答案。54.【答案】g. so trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make things worse【解析】从前句your brain is so full of what youre going to be talking about, 可知后一空与前一空形成因果关系，脑子里装满了条条框框只会使情况变得更糟。55.【答案】a. you arent like anybody else【解析】小标题为you are a special person not a clone以及treat you as a special one, with your own personal habits可以得出答案you arent like anybody else（与众不同）。三、(2013北京卷)第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分。共 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处。选项中有两项为多余选项。urbanizationuntil relatively recently, the vast majority of human beings lived and died without ever seeing a city. the first city was probably founded no more than 5,500 years ago. 71_ . in fact, nearly everyone lived on farms or intiny rural (乡村的) villages. it was not until the 20th century that great britain became the first urban society inhistory- a society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living.britain was only the beginning. 72_ .the process of urbanization- the migration (迁移) of people from the countryside to the city- was the result of modernization, which has rapidly transformed how people live andwhere they live.in 1990, fewer than 40% of americans lived in urban areas. today, over 82% of americans live in cities. only about 2% live on farms. 73 .large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized. even in advanced agricultural societies. it took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities. _74 . until modern times, those living in cities were mainly the ruling elite(精英) and the servants, laborers and professionals who served them. citiessurvived by taxing farmers and were limited in size by the amount of surplus food that the rural population produced and by the ability to move this surplus from farm to city.over the past two centuries, the industrial revolution has broken this balance between the city and the country. 75_ . today, instead of needing ninety-five farmers to feed five city people, one american farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non-farmers.a. that kept cities very small. b. the rest live in small towns.c. the effects of urban living on people should be considered. d. soon many other industrial nations become urban societies.e. but even 200 years ago, only a few people could live in cities.f. modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive.g. modern cities have destroyed social relations and the health of human beings.71.【答案】e【解析】此题有两个暗示点。第一个是时间，上句话提到了5500年前有的城市，之后紧接着说200年之后是个简单的顺成的关系。第二个是but的轻微语义转折，but之后是的两句话都是在讲当时人的居住情况，故e为最佳选项。72【答案】d【解析】此题有一个明确暗示点，为d选项当中的other和上句的only the beginning. other 是明显承上启下的功能，后面的the process of证明了这一点，故选d73.【答案】b【解析】此题有一个明确的暗示点。the rest 和之前的3个数据是明显的并列关系，故答案选b。74.【答案】a【解析】此题a选项中有一个明确暗示点，that指代之前所说，故选a。75.【答案】f【解析】此题有一个明确暗示点，modernization 是前后文当中past two centuries 和后面today 的明确对应，故选f。四、 (2013上海卷)iii. reading comprehensionsection bdirections: read the following three passages. each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. for each of them there are four choices marked a, b, c and d. choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.section cdirections: read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from af for each paragraph. there is one extra heading which you do not need.a. healthy way of life giving way to overuse of medicineb. different findings as to taking additional vitaminc. eus response to overuse of health productsd. worrying increase in multivitamin advertisinge. eu directive for the benefit of individualsf. eu directive against prediction in novels76. the use of health supplements such as multivitamin tablets has increased greatly in the western world. people take these supplements because advertising suggests that they prevent a range of medical conditions from developing. however, there is concern that people are consuming worryingly high doses of these supplements and the european union (eu) has issued a directive that will ban the sale of a wide range of them. this eu directive should be supported.77. research suggests that people who take vitamin c supplements of over 5000 milligrams a day are more likely to develop cancer. this shows how much damage these health supplements do to peoples health. a spokesman for the health supplement industry has argued that other research shows that vitamin c supplements help prevent heart disease, but we can dismiss this evidence as it is from a biased source.78. science fiction of the 1960s and 1970s predicted that pills would replace meals as the way in which people would get the fuel they needed. this, it was argued, would mean a more efficient use of time as people wouldnt have to waste it preparing or eating meals. the eu directive would help prevent this nightmare of pills replacing food becoming a reality.79. peop0le already take too many pills instead of adopting a healthier lifestyle. for example, the consumption of painkillers in britain in 1998 was 21 tablets per year for every man, woman and child in the country. people do not need all these pills.80.some might argue that the eu directive denies peoples right to freedom of choice. however, there are many legal examples for such intervention when it is in the individuals best interests. we now make people wear seatbelts rather than allowing them to choose to do so. opposing the eu directive would mean beneficial measures like this would be threatened.这是一篇介绍欧盟颁布指令禁止过量服用补品药剂的议论文，并且表达了作者对这样一种指令的支持态度。76.【答案】c【解析】第一段交代了人们盲目服用滋补药剂（例如维他命片）的背景，转折介绍了出于对人们过量服药的担忧，欧盟颁布了禁止大面积贩售健康补品的指令。因此，正确答案为c. eus response to overuse of health products (欧盟对滥用补品的应对措施)。77.【答案】b【解析】第二段通过举例、正反对比等手法，论证了过量服用维生素c会造成反面效果，对健康造成巨大的损伤。因此，正确答案为b. different findings as to taking additional vitamin (服用多余维生素会导致不同的后果)。78.【答案】f【解析】第三段中讲到1960年代和1970年代的科幻小说预言了人们用药片代替膳食的场景，并表示欧盟的新指令避免了这种情况的发生。因此，正确答案为f. eu directive against prediction in novels (欧盟的指令避免了小说中预言的场景)。79.【答案】a【解析】第四段通过举例论证，突出了人们宁愿多吃药片也不注重健康生活的现实情况，强调了作者对过多服用药片的反对态度。因此，正确答案为a. healthy way of life giving way to overuse of medicine (健康的生活方式让步于药物滥用)。80.【答案】e【解析】第五段通过举例论证，强调欧盟指令对人们是有益的，所以其强制性是合理的。因此，正确答案为e. eu directive for the benefit of individuals (欧盟的指令是对人们有益的)。五、(2013广东卷)第二节 信息匹配（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。首先请阅读下列杂志上的广告内容：a b. . c d .e f . .以下是读者为了获取相关广告详细信息的电子邮件，请匹配广告内容与邮件。46. sendtocustomerssubject:information booklet requestdear sir or madam, i am a journalist working for a local news agency. since i need to travel a lot, i do care about durability when choosing power supply for my digital cameras. could you kindly email the information booklet of your products to me? your timely reply will be highly appreciated. best regards, tom brown 47. sendtocustomerssubject:information booklet requestdear sir or madam, my family is new in the town. after settling down, we started looking for a family car. your new model beetle convertible looks so cool. i think your detailed information booklet may help us know more about this model. please kindly send it to my email address: . many thanks for your help. best regards, jack smith48.sendtocustomerssubject:information booklet requestdear sir or madam, my beetle convertible is insured with ing insurance company. the insurance will expire next month. the offer introduced in your advertisement sounds attractive to me. i want to know more about your service. please kindly email me a relevant information booklet. your timely reply will be highly appreciated. best regards, mary smith49. sendtocustomerssubject:information booklet requestdear sir or madam, i dont enjoy my new job as a department manager since i find it hard to communicate with and motivate my team members. hopefully, your diploma course can provide me with professional training on administrative and communicative skills. i look forward to receiving your information booklet and application forms as soon as possible. please send them to me at . best regards, jimmy smith50. sendtocustomerssubject:information booklet requestdear sir or madam, my family is new in the town. worrying about community safety, i prefer to secure my house with new technology. your product sounds like the right choice for me. could you kindly send your information booklet to my email address: ? your timely reply will be highly appreciated. best regards, peter white 信息匹配一直被认为是“送分”题，此种题型类似于应用文的考查，在历年真题中难度一直不高。信息匹配着重考查学生快速阅读的能力，毋须关注每一个细节，考生只要利用图片和文字的信息抓住要点，找到对应点即可。46.【答案】b【解析】i do care about durability when choosing power supply for my digital cameras. 划线部分与广告b中的“from digital cameras to clocks”相匹配。47.【答案】e【解析】after settling down, we started looking for a family car. 划线部分与广告e中的“vw cars”相匹配。48.【答案】c【解析】my beetle convertible is insured with ing insurance company. 划线部分与广告c中的“geico(government employees insurance company)”相匹配。此题也可以用排除法解题。在其它四题搞定答案后，之剩下ac选项，这样就很容易把a项排除。49.【答案】f【解析】hopefully, your diploma course can provide me with professional training on administrative and communicative skills. 划线部分与与广告f中的“mba diplomas”相匹配。50.【答案】d【解析】worrying about community safety, i prefer to secure my house with new technology. 划线部分与广告d中的“home security system”相匹配。六、(2013辽宁卷)第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。forgivenessto forgive is a virtue, but no one has ever said it is easy. when someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of your hate. however, forgiveness is possible, and it can be surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health. people who forgive show less sadness, anger and stress and more hopefulness, according to a recent research._71_ try the following steps:calm yourself. _72_ you can take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, or someone you love.dont wait for an apology. many times the person who hurt you does not intend to apologize. they may have wanted to hurt you or they just dont see things the same way. _73_ keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean becoming friends again with the person who upset you.take the control away from your offender(冒犯者). rethinking about you hurt gives power to the person who causes you pain. instead of focusing on your mounded feelings, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you._74_ if you understand your offender, you may realize that he or she was acting out of unawareness, fear, and even love. you may want to write a letter to yourself from your offenders point of view.dont forget to forgive yourself. _75_ but it can rob you of your self-confidence if you dont do it.a. why should you forgive?b. how should you start to forgive?c. recognize the benefits of forgiveness.d. try to see things from you offenders angle.e. for some people, forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge.f. to make your anger die away, try a simple stress-management technique.g.if you wait for people to apologize, you could be waiting an awfully long time.本篇为说明文。文章对宽恕及其如何宽恕别人以及宽恕别人的益处给予了说明。宽恕是美德，但是没有人说很容易做到宽恕别人。当你被深深伤害的时候，想要不怀恨在心是很难做到的。但是宽恕是可能的而且这会给你的身心健康带来出乎意料的益处。71.【答案】b【解析】根据下文“尝试下列步骤：你首先要冷静下来， _72_摒住呼吸并且想一些能够让你快乐的事情：大自然的美丽景色、或者你喜爱的人等等，都可以”说明：怎样做才会开始原谅（别人）？72.【答案】f【解析】根据下文“摒住呼吸并且想一些能够让你快乐的事情”应该选f(尝试一种简单的减压技巧来缓解你愤怒的情绪。)73.【答案】g【解析】根据上文“不要等别人来道歉。许多时候，伤害你的人没有想过要道歉。他们可能是故意的，也可能只是和你看待事物的方式不一样。”选g(如果你等着别人来道歉，你可能会等令人嫌恶的相当长的时间。你要牢记，宽恕并不一定意味着与使你心烦意乱的人再次成为朋友。74.【答案】d【解析】根据下文“如果你站在别人的立场上，你也许会意识到他或她是因为无知、害怕、甚至是爱才那样做的。你可以从冒犯你的人的立场给你自己写一封信。”选d(试着从别人的角度来看问题)。75.【答案】e【解析】根据上下文“不要忘了宽恕自己”和“但是如果你不宽恕自己，你就会失去自信。”选e(对于有些人来说，宽恕自己才是最大的挑战)。七、(2013陕西卷)第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从下框的a-f选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最佳选项。 选项中有一项为多余选项。a. adults keep pets with their children.b. pet-keeping has a very long history.c. pet-keeping may do harm to animals.d. people keeps pets for their aesthetic need.e. caged pets become increasingly popular.f. pet-keeping is helpful for childrens growth.61. pet-keeping is a time-honored tradition. one of the reasons for people to raise dogs or cows was usefulness. while people in the past hunted animals and kept them in their backyards, the civilsed man today is less cruel towards them and is less exploitative(利用的).62. we keep animals as pets because they are attractive. we all have the urge to possess something that has aesthetic（审美的）value, and this is why we treasure paintings or fine furniture. keeping pets