中考语法知识专题.doc

中考语法知识专题 句型转换句型转换题是中考英语试题中常见的题型之一，该题型主要考查学生对英语句型的掌握情况和灵活运用的能力。命题形式一般是给出一个英语句子，要求考生根据所提要求改写这个句子。 核心知识 一、测试内容 1.句子种类的转换：将肯定的陈述句改为否定句。将陈述句改为感叹句、一般疑问句、反意疑问句、或特殊疑问句（即对划线部分提问）。将简单句转换为复合句。将并列句转换为简单句。将两个简单句合并为一个简单句或复合句。 2.简单句的几种基本句型之间的转换：将主谓结构变为主系表结构，将双宾语结构改为复合宾语结构等。 3.语态的转换：将主动语态变为被动语态或将被动语态变为主动语态。 4.引语的转换：将直接引语改为间接引语或将间接引语改为直接引语。 5.同义句转换：在中考英语试题中，同义句转换的题量较大，除了句型间的转换外，有些是同义词语间的转换。 典型例题 二、解题方法 1.吃透原句。在答题时首先要弄清所给句子的句型结构、主语的人称和数、谓语动词的形式、以及全句的意思。 2.明确要求。要看清楚题目的要求，弄懂题意，不要盲目动笔。 3.对“症”下“药”。即针对不同的要求采用不同的方法 1） 将肯定句改为否定句 将肯定句改为否定句时，除要正确使用谓语动词的否定形式外，还要将句中的some改为any，将something改为anything等。例如： There is some rice in the bowl. There isnt any rice in the bowl. They bought something in the supermarket. They didnt buy anything in the supermarket.2）将陈述句改为一般疑问句将陈述句改为一般疑问句时，要根据陈述句中的谓语动词及其时态形式确定其疑问式，同时还要注意将原句中的some改为any，将something改为anything等。例如： Ive got some money with me. Have you got any money with you？ Mr.Wang said something about the accident at themeeting. Did Mr.Wang say anything about the accident at the meeting？3）将陈述句改为反意疑问句 将陈述句改为反意疑问句时，除了遵循陈述部分若为肯定式，疑问部分则用否定式和陈述部分若为否定式，疑问部分则用肯定式的原则外，还要注意：当陈述部分含有little，few，no，nothing，never，hardly等否定意义的词时，疑问部分要用肯定形式。另外，还要注意部分情态动词的特殊情况，如当陈述部分为must be，表示对现在情况的推测，作“一定”或“肯定” 讲时，疑问部分的动词一般用be的相应否定形式，而不用mustnt。例如： Tom likes reading，doesnt he？ There werent any mice in the room，were there？ There is little water in the cup，is there？ They must be in the reang-room，arent they？练习1. You are not going out today, _ ? 2. This is American country music, _ ?3. Nobody can answer this question, _ ?4. There is little water in the bottle, _ ?5. Dont smoke here, _ ?6. Some of them speak Japanese, _ _?7. Im an English teacher, _ ?8. I dont think he is right, _ _?9. I believe that he is right, _ ?10. They had breakfast very late yesterday, _ _?11. What fine weather it is today, _ ?12. She doesnt like milk, _ _?13. There is nothing wrong with my bike, _ ?14. There is something wrong with the watch, _ _?15. He has lunch at school, _?16. There will be a football match this Sunday, _ _?17. Bob and Tom went to Shanghai yesterday, _ _?18. Let us go shopping, _ ?19. Lets go home together, _ ?20. Youd better stay at home, _ _? 4）对划线部分提问 对划线部分提问时，可按一定、二移（或加）、三变化、四删除的步骤进行。 第一步“定”，就是根据划线部分的内容确定适当的疑问词。如问时间用when或what time，问地点用where，问价钱用how much，问年龄用how old，问原因用why，问“做什么事”用whatdo/does/did等。 第二步“移（或加）”，就是将句子结构改为一般疑问句的形式，如果谓语部分含有系动词be，助动词be，will，have或情态动词时，则将这类动词移到句首。如果谓语动词是行为动词，则需在主语前加助动词do，does或did。但是，如果划线部分是原句的主语或主语部分的定语，则不需要这一步。 第三步“变化”，即对句子中某些词作相应的变化，除了将谓语动词变为原形动词外，还要注意将原句中句首单词（专有名词除外）的首字母改为小写，将句中的some变为any，将句号变为问号等。 第四步“删除”，就是去掉被疑问词替换的划线部分的词。例如： My uncle has been to Hong Kong twice. How many times has your uncle been to Hong Kong？ It took the artist half an hour to draw the beautifulhorse. How long did it take the artist to draw the beautifulhorse？ Her mother is a nurse.What is her mother？ The children are playing football on the playground. Where are the boys playing football？ He read some newspapers in the reading room. What did he do in the reading-room？5）将陈述句变为感叹句 将陈述句变为感叹句时，首先要确定是用what还是用how开头。如果强调部分的中心词是名词，就用what；若是形容词或副词，则用how。然后将所强调的部分移至what或how之后，要注意去掉修饰这一形容词或副词的副词。例如： He is a very good teacher. What a good teacher he is！ They danced quite well. How well they danced！6）将简单句变为复合句或将复合句变为并列句或简单句 将简单句变为复合句或将复合句变为并列句或简单句时，既要注意句子的结构变化，又要注意不能改变句子的意思。要重视一些常用连词和动词的非谓语形式的用法。例如： We think it true. We think that it is true. If you use your head，youll find a way. Use you head，then youll find a way. He was so angry that he couldnt say a word. He was too angry to say a word.7）将主动语态变为被动语态 将主动语态变为被动语态时，谓语动词变为be+过去分词”形式，这里的be除了要与原句在时态上保持一致外，还要与句子的主语在人称和数等方面保持一致。例如： They have set up a new primary school in myhometown. A new primary school has been set up in myhometown.8）将直接引语改为间接引语 将直接引语改为间接引语时，除了要对人称代词、动词时态、时间状语和地点状语等作相应的变化外，有时还要更改相应的谓语动词或将谓语动词改为非谓语形式。例如： The teacher said，“Will you come here next Sunday？” The teacher asked me whether I would go there thenext Sunday. The woman said to the boy，“Go away.” The woman ordered the boy to go away. 9)同义词语的转换 在作同义词语的转换时，首先要理解原句的意思，然后根据原句的意思和要补全句子的结构填入所缺少的词，使两句意思相同或相近。例如： My father drives to work every day. My father goes to work