名词性从句专题讲解.doc

周晨 名词性从句高中名词性从句专题讲解1.名词：表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。2.名词的句法作用：名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。另外还可以作定语、状 语。3. 名词性从句：在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由 一个句子来充当，这个句子就叫名词性从句。4.名词性从句的种类： 根据名词性从句在句子中所充当的不同成分，名词性从句可以分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。主语从句：一、主语从句的连接词1. 连接词: that, whether (1).That he will win is certain. (2).It has been reported that sales of beef in China will increase. (3).Whether we shall raise ducks or geese remains to be decided. (4).Whether hell join us in the discussion is of great importance.2. 连接代词: who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever,whatever, whichever (1).It is clear who is afraid of having a change in land ownership. (2).Whose bag it is can not be told. (3).What India needs is a law to make land ownership fairer. (4).It is not yet decided which cash crop will be produced next year. (5).Whatever he said was right. (6).Whoever go there must get ready by 6 oclock.3). 连接副词: when, where, why, how, how many, how much, how long, how soon, how often (1).When well start tomorrow will be told soon. (2).Where we can buy oxen is something we need to find out. (3).Why he came here is not known. (4).How we can protect the grain from damp needs to be discussed. (5).How many people died from starvation that year will never be known. (6).How often hell go to see his grandmother depends on the time he can spare.二、注意点1. 主语从句一律用陈述句语序,即主语在前,谓语在后. 例: 正: When he will come is not known. 误: When will he come is not known.2. 连接词that在从句中无实际意义,但不能省略. 例: 正: That he will not come to the meeting this evening is true. 误: He will not come to the meeting this evening is true.3. whoever, whatever, whichever等可以引导主语从句, 但no matter who, no matter what等不能.4. 为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语. It is well known/reported/thought/said/that It is clear/necessary/certain/doubtful/that It is a pity/a shame/an honour/ that It doesnt matter whether/It seems that It happens thatit作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如： It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window.用it 作形式主语的结构(1) It is 名词 从句 It is a fact that 事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that 是常识(2) It is 形容词 从句 It is natural that 很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是(3) It is 不及物动词 从句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 It appears that 似乎(4) It 过去分词 从句 It is reported that 据报道 It has been proved that 已证实 It is said that 据说 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：（1）if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。（2）It is said /reported结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. That he failed in the examination occurred to him. （4）It doesnt matter how/whether 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter. （5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? Is that will rain in the evening likely? 三、宾语从句1.宾语从句的引导词: 宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词相同.注意点：1. 宾语从句一律用陈述句的语序.2. 引导宾语从句的连词that也无实际意义,多数情况下可以省略.3. whether和if都可以引导宾语从句 但: (1).当whether后紧跟or not时,不用if. 例: I dont know whether I will stay or not. (2).介词后面的宾语从句不能用if. 例: I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.4. that在宾语从句中的省略与保留 (1).在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that 从句(真正宾语) 的句型中不省略. 例: We must make it clear that we mean what we say. (2).由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,that 不省略. 例: He told me that he would come and that he would come on time.1. 作动词的宾语(1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), I heard that be joined the army.(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如： She did not know what had happened. I wonder whether you can change this note for me.(3) 动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如： She told me that she would accept my invitation.2. 作介词的宾语， Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.3. 作形容词的宾语 I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake.注意：that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语： anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。 4. it 可以作为形式宾语 it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 We heard it that she would get married next month.5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词 这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。 I admire their winning the match. I admire that they won the match. 6. 否定的转移 若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。 I dont think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。3. 表语从句1.表语从句的引导词: 基本上与主语从句的引导词相同.连词除了that, whether(不用if)外,还可以用because.在连系动词seem,look之后还可用as though (as if ). 例: (1).That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year. (2).The question was when the butcher was likely to come back from the town. (3).The fact remains that a change in land ownership is needed in India. (4).That is what he told us. (5).It seems as if it is going to rain. 注意点：(1).表语从句一律用陈述句的语序.(2).表语从句的引导词that无实际意义,但不能省略.(3).表语从句只能用whether,而不能用if 引导.(4).不要使用 The reason is because that 句型, 应使用 The reason is that 或 This / it /that/ is because等句型.例如: 今天早上他迟到的原因是因为路上行人太多. 误: The reason why he was late this morning is because that there was a lot of traffic on the road. 正: The reason why he was late this morning is that there was a lot of traffic on the road. 或:He was late this morning. That was because there was a lot of traffic on the road.4. 同位语从句1.同位语从句的引导词: that2.同位语从句和定语从句的区别: 如果that作从句中的某一成分,则是定语从句,如果that不作从句中的任何成分,则是同位语从句. 例: (1). I had no idea that it was so late. (主系表结构,that 不作从句中的成分,同位语从句) (2).I still remember the place that we visited last year.(主谓宾结构,that作从句中的宾语,定语从句)3.that引导的同位语从句前面的名词常见的有:idea, fact, news, belief, thought, doubt, suggestion,proof,message, order, conclusion, desire, theory, truth,word 等.同位语从句与定语从句的区别(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）(3)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）基本练习：一、表语从句的考查 考例1 (2003北京春季)-Are you still thinking about yesterdays game?-Oh, thats_ . A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited 考例