模块二unit3知识全讲解.doc

Unit 3 Amazing people学案Welcome to the unit1. Some amazing people have changed our world for the better through their thoughts and actions.一些令人感到惊奇的人通过他们的思想和行动使我们的世界变得更好。【词汇精讲】 change v.变化，改变用法指南change sth for 把换成change into (把)变成，举一反三n.变化（可数）；零钱，找头（不可数）make a change in对作些变动Lets have a change in subjects.我们换个话题for a change换换方式Lets dine out for a change我们出去吃换换口味。Great changes have taken place in China.中国发生了巨大变化。Ive no change on me.我没带零钱。 through prep.用法指南 穿过，经过（某个地方）；go/walk through a forest 越过森林经由，以（同by means of）I learned it through a friend.我通过一位朋友知道这件事。We should learn English through practice.我们必须通过练习学英语（时间）从头到尾经过，自始至终;work through the night通宵工作做完，耗尽；read through a book看完一本书（原因、理由,同because of）由于，因为mistakes made through carelessness由于粗心而犯的错误。2.Which of these peoples achievements have the largest effect on our lives today.这些人的哪些成就对我们现在的生活影响最大？【词汇精讲】 effect n. 结果用法指南have an effect on 对有影响come/go into effect开始生效Computers have a great effect on our life.电脑对我们的生活有很大的影响The law will come into effect next month.这个法律下个月开始实施举一反三effective adj. 有效的，生效的effectively adv. 有效地巧辨异同effectn. 结果；实行实施affectvt.影响, 感动,（疾病）侵袭3. What are the things he or she has done that make you feel that this person is amazing? 他们做的事情哪些使你感觉他们是令人惊奇的人？【句法分析】在things后有两个定语从句，一个是he or she has done,另外一个是that make you feel that this person is amazing. feel后有一个宾语从句。make sb feel使某人感觉【词汇精讲】 feel vt. 摸，触；感觉，感知；以为，认为 link-verb.有感觉；给人感觉；用法指南feel like doing 摸上去如同；想要feel sb/sth do/doing感觉到做/正在做举一反三表示感官的动词如see watch notice look at hear feel后接复合结构，宾语补助语可以是动词原形，现在分词或者过去分词。I heard him singing the song when I walked past his room.我经过那儿的时候，听到他在唱那首歌。I often hear the song sung in our school.我经常听到有人唱那首歌。I went to the theatre to hear the star sing.我到剧院听那歌星唱歌。【典例精析】例1：If we buy the computer 486, well have to change it _ a new one in a few years.A. to B. for C. into D. over解析：B。句意：“如果我们买486的电脑，我们过几年就要把它换成新的。”例2：Which coat do you want?I want both for a _.A. exchange B. change C. trade D. show解析：B。句意：“两件外套我都要，以便换着穿”。A表示与别人交换；C表示交换贸易；D表示展览。意思都不对。例：when you have read _ the book, please put it where it was.A. with B. on C. through D. about解析：C。句意：“看完这本书后，请把它放回原处。“看完一本书”应该用read through a book.【典例精析】例1：The effect _the girl is so great that she is ready to try her best to overcome the difficulty.A. the teacher have on B. the teacher has overC. that the teacher has of D. that the teacher has on解析：D。句意“老师 这个女孩的影响是如此大以至于她准备竭尽全力克服困难”。后为定语从句，且定语从句中有一个固定短语have effect on。例2：The_ new policy has a _on the _ area in the earthquake.A .effective; effect; effect B.effective ;effect ;affectedC. effect; affect; effected D. effective; affect ; effect解析：B。句意“那个有效的政策对受地震影响的地区很有作用。”被地震影响的地区“affected area in the earthquake”effect作为动词表示“产生招致”，有效的政策effective policy,所以应选B.典例精析】例1：Do you like the material?Yes, it _ very soft.（94年高考）A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt解析：C.句意“这个布料摸起来非常软。” feel用作联系动词，无被动语态，也无进行时态例2：Why do you often go to the sea?It _ good to swim in the sea.A. feels B. makes C. touches D. senses解析：A.句意：“在海里游泳给人愉快的感觉。”good意思是“愉快的。如果指利益、益处，一般说 do sb good. sense, touch后应该接名词，不接形容词。例3：He felt his heart _ fast when he the dog.A. beat B. beating C. to beat D. beaten解析：B。句意：“看到那个狗，他感到他的心跳得更快了。”心与跳动之间是主动关系，所以D不对；应该表示在那个时刻“心跳得更快”应该用feel sb/ sth do/doing.意思不对。C形式上就是错的。READING1.He was brave and and adventurous.他很勇敢，充满了冒险精神。【词汇精讲】 brave adj.勇敢的用法指南sb is brave to do sthIt is brave of sb to do sthHe is brave to say that.他说那些真勇敢。=It is brave of him to do that.他说那些真勇敢。【词汇精讲】adventurous adj.喜欢冒险的；冒险的；有危险的用法指南If you want to be an explorer, you must be adventurous.如果你想成为一个探险家，你必须有冒险精神。It was adventurous of him to run into the burning house to rescue the baby.他冲进那个燃烧的房子去救那个婴孩，太危险了。2.He loved to visit new places.他喜欢参观新奇的地方。【词汇精讲】love n. & vt 热爱，喜爱；爱好用法指南love of ones country 对祖国的热爱love to do sth 喜欢做Give my love to your parents.代我向你父母问好。举一反三可以接动词不定式做宾语的词agree ask choose decide expect hope learnmanage mean（打算） offer prepare refuse want3.He discovered many amazing things.他发现了许多令人惊奇的东西。【词汇精讲】discover vt.发现，揭示用法指南discover sth 发现discover 接宾语从句举一反三discovery n发现discoverer 发现者巧辩异同discover通过实验、考察发现找到客观事物的存在，也可指发现一种现象、一个事实（此时与find意思、用法接近）find找到或者发现（多指无意发现）find out有目的地打听或者查询，后面常接特殊疑问词invent发明（研究或制造出过去不存在的方法或产品）4.He was bright and curious about the world.他很聪明，对外面的世界很好奇。【词汇精讲】curious adj. 好奇的,求知识欲强的 用法指南be curious about对感到好奇be curious to do 极想做be curious wh-clause 对感兴趣It is curious that clause 真是奇怪Im curious to have a look at it.我非常想看一看这件东西。Im curious where he get the book.我对他从何处得到这本书非常感兴趣。Its curious that he can work out the problem in a few minutes.他能在几分钟之内解出这道题，真奇怪。He is curious about machines.他对机械非常好奇。举一反三curiosity.好奇out of/from curiosity 出于好奇25. By the 1920s ,he had become a famous explorer, searching for the tombs of the Egyptian kings.到二十世纪二十年代，他已成为一名著名的探险家，寻找古代埃及国王的坟墓。【句法分析】searching for the tombs of the Egyptian Kings是现在分词作状语，表示他具体在做什么【词汇精讲】by prep.用法指南在之前,到时间为止（常与完成形式连用）;By last term, we had learned 200 words.到上学期，我们已学了200个单词。Well have finished the whole book by the end of this term.到学期结束为止，我们将学完整本书。在旁，靠近；by the road 在路旁经过旁边；pass by从旁边经过（表示方法、手段）靠、用；by bus/ car/train乘公共汽车/小汽车/火车由于；by mistake由于错误根据，按；It is three oclock by my watch.我的手表是三点。被，由；films directed by ZhangYimou张艺谋导演的电影相差increase by 30%增长30%巧辩异同before在之前，常用句型：一段时间before，在过去时里表示过了多长时间才，在将来时里表示还要多长时间才；not long before在过去时里表示没过多久，在将来时里表示要不了多久until表示直到时候.常用句型：延续性动词until表示动作一直发生到时间才结束；notuntil表示动作到时间才开始Hand in your work by supper.到晚饭时间为止，必须交上作业。（表示不迟于）Come back before ten.在十点之前回来（表示在这之前任何一点时间）6.Inside the tombs, he found jewels, gold and the preserved bodies of dead kings.在坟墓里，他发现了珠宝，黄金以及保存起来的国王的尸体。【句法分析】preserved是过去分词做定语，修饰bodies。例如 a fallen tree一棵倒下的树.a stolen car被偷的汽车.a burnt house被烧毁的房子。【词汇精讲】preserve vt.保留,维护,防护；保存，保藏，防腐；n. 保护区preserve sth保护Police were called in to preserve order警察被召集来维持秩序。The old man is well-preserved.这个老人保养得很好。巧辩异同protect强调警卫或者覆盖的方式保护使免受（伤害，损失）preserve（在正式场合或者文学作品）使活着或者安全，保护，保持状态prevent阻止做；防止做I pray that fate may preserve you from all harm。我祈祷上天保佑你平安He raised his arm to protect his face from the blow他举起胳膊以保护脸不受打击。His parents prevented him from chatting online.他的父母不让他网上聊天。6.These preserved bodies are known as mummies.【词汇精讲】know vt. 知道，了解，认识用法指南We know him to be brave.我们知道他是勇敢的know sb by name只知道某人的名字know sb by sight和某人只是面熟be known as 作为（身份）著称be known for 因为而著名be known to 被知道,为所知道YaoMing is well known as a basketball player.姚明作为一个篮球运动员很有名。Hangzhou is well known for the West Lake.杭州以西湖而著称。The pop star is not known to us.那个明星不为我们所知道。举一反三be famous as作为很有名be remembered as作为被人们记住7.In 1922 Howard Carter made his most amazing discovery of all, in the Valley of Kings, in Egypt.【词组精讲】make a discovery 发现举一反三在英语里有时用再接一个名词，表示这个名词相对应的动词的意思。make an answer=answermake no reply=not replymake an experiment=experimenttake a walk=walkhave a rest=rest8.He had received money from Lord Carnarvon , a British man who was very interested in Egypt.他从卡那翁勋爵那儿得到钱。卡那翁勋爵是个对埃及非常感兴趣的英国人。【句法分析】a British man是Lord Carnarvon的同位语；who was very interested in Egypt是非限制性定语从句修饰这个同位语。【词汇精讲】receive vt.收到；接见，接待用法指南He received many presents for his birthday.他收到许多生日礼物。The president received the model teachers.总统接见了那些优秀教师。be adv. received 受到接待，受到欢迎The song is well received by young people.这首歌受到年轻人喜爱巧辨异同receive客观事实上收到accept经过考虑后主观愿意接受9.The tomb contained more riches, gold and jewel than any of us had ever seen before, as well as the mummies of the king.这个坟墓里有比以往我们所看到的多得多的财富、黄金、珠宝,另外还有国王的木乃伊。【句法分析】在这个句子里，more than any of us had ever seen修饰riches，,gold, jewel 。 the mummies与riches，gold，jewel并列。as well as相当于 and。语法点拨比较级than sb see (expect, imagine, know) 比看到的（预料的，想象的，知道的）更.He did the work better than (he was )expected.那件工作他做得比想象的好。【短语精讲】as well as表示“和；同”，具有连词性质，常用来连接两个并列成分。连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词应当与as well as前面的主语在人称和数量上保持一致。My daughter as well as I enjoys music.我的女儿象我一样喜欢音乐。在表示“不但而且”之意时，as well as侧重前者;而 not onlybut also侧重后者。连接并列主语时，not onlybut also按就近原则确定谓语动词的形式。He is a doctor, as well as a writer.他是个作家，同时也是个医生。举一反三as well也，用于句末。He came here. His brother came here as well. 他来了，他个个也来了。He is a doctor and a writer as well.如果是too,用逗号与前面的内容隔开。He is a doctor and a writer, too.【词汇精讲】contain 包含，容纳用法指南巧辩异同contain都可指整体里面包含部分contain往往指全体部分includeinclude侧重指其中一部分。This book contains three stories.这本书包含了三个故事。（这本书就三个故事）Many people went there, including Tom许多人去那儿，包括汤姆。（去那儿的不只一个人）10.We emptied the tomb of everything it contained-we were rich and famous right away.我们将坟墓里的一切都拿走了，我们名利双收。【句法分析】it contained是定语从句修饰everything，省略了that;相当于and【词汇精讲】empty adj. 空的，毫无意义的;vt搬空；倒空，使成为空的用法指南an article empty of matter内容缺乏的文章The boys emptied the plate of the cakes孩子们把盘子里的蛋糕都吃了。【词汇精讲】rich adj 富裕的；丰富的；富饶的，多产的用法指南be rich in富含，含量丰富Meat is rich in fat.肉类脂肪含量大。have rich experience in sth在方面经验丰富They became rich by selling vegetables.他们靠卖蔬柴致富。riches（复）财富Riches have wings财富易散。【短语精讲】right away立刻，马上举一反三at once、 immediately(adv&conj)与right away 同意。11However, not long after the tomb had been opened, people in Carters team began to fall ill and died strangely.但是，打开坟墓之后不久，他们考察队的人就开始生病。【句法分析】not long after the tomb had been opened是时间状语从句，表示主句动作发生的时间。【词汇精讲】fall n.& vi.落下，下降;降落，跌倒;（温度，价格）下降;（风势、声音）减弱;变成，成为用法指南Walking in the snow, he had many falls.在雪地里走，他摔了许多跤。He fell down from the tree.他从树上掉了下来。The price of oil has fallen.油价开始下跌。He didnt work hard, so he fell behind.他不认真学习，所以掉队了。fall ill with患了病fall asleep 入睡fall sick生病【词汇精讲】however adv.然而,但是;conj不管多么(引导让步状语从句)用法指南作副词时放在两个句子中间，用标点与前后句子隔开。做连词时，引导一个让步状语从句，后面往往接一个形容词或者副词。The bike is cheap. However, it is not as beautiful as that one.这个自行车便宜，但没有那个漂亮。However poor we are. we cant steal.不管多么穷，我们都不能偷。巧辩异同however表示“但是，然而”是副词，放在第二句的开头，用逗号与后面的句子隔开。but表示“但是，然而”是连词His English has improved.However,he still works hard to improve it.他的英语已经取得进步，但他仍然努力学习以提高它。His English has improved,but he still works hard to improve it.他的英语已经取得进步，但他仍然努力学习以提高它。12.Upon entering the tomb, Carters lucky pet bird, which had led them to the place, was eaten by a snake.一进入坟墓，曾经将他们带进坟墓的幸运鸟就被蛇吃了。【句法分析】which引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰bird，对它进行进一步的. Beijing University, which is very famous in China, was set up in 1898.北京大学成立于1898年，它在中国非常有名。【词汇精讲】Uponupon/on doing sth/sth,sb一就注意：此时动名词或名词动作的执行者与句子的主语应该为同一个。Upon hearing the news, he came here quickly.一听到这个消息，他就赶来了。Upon his return to the school, he began to work.一回到学校，他就开始工作。举一反三As soon as/the moment/immediately都可以表示“一就。”但它们后面必须接句子。As soon as he heard the news, he came here.一听到这个消息，他就赶来了。【词汇精讲】lead vt带领；使得某人做；领导；领先；过生活；vi. 通向用法指南lead sb prep a place领着某人到/越过/逛地方lead sb to do sth使得某人做，领着某人做lead sb in doing sth领着某人做lead a adj life 过着样的生活lead to a plce 通向某个地方lead to导致结果He led us around the city. 他带领我们参观这个城市What led you to think so?什么使你这样想？He led us in winning the game.他领着我们赢了那个比赛。The Party led us to carry out reform.党领导我们进行改革。Our team leads them by two goals.我们比他们领先两分。She leads a hard life.她过着艰苦的生活。All roads leads to Rome.条条道路通罗马。13.Then, a few months after Carter had opened the tomb, Lord Carnavon, who was also present when the tomb was opened, fell ill with a fever and died in Egypt.就在卡特打开坟墓后不久，卡那翁勋爵就因为发烧而死在埃及。他当时也在打开坟墓的现场。【句法分析】a few months after Carter had opened the tomb是时间状语,who was also present when the tomb was opened是定语从句，修饰Carnavon,fell ill with a fever and died 是并列的谓语。.【词汇精讲】present n. 礼物；现在 ;adj.现在的；当前的(可作前置定语)出席的；到场的(可作后置定语);vt. 介绍，引进，赠送，呈现，呈递。用法指南at present 现在at the present time 现在be present at a meeting 出席会议present something to somebody把赠送给；把呈送给14.Carters secretary, Richard Bethell, died of heart trouble, four months after the tomb was opened.卡特的秘书，理查德贝塞尔在坟墓打开之后四个月死于心脏病。【词汇精讲】die vi 死亡用法指南它是非延续性动词，不能与一段时间连用。He has died.他已经死了。（如果要表示死了多长时间，要用下面的举行。）He has been dead for three years.他已经死了三年了。举一反三die of 死于常指由于疾病、情感、饥寒等内因引起的死亡He died of liver failure.他死于肝衰竭。die from死于外因，常指因为环境、事故等引起的死亡。He died from drinking too much.他因喝酒过多死亡。当指出疾病名称时，两者可换用。He died of/from cancer.他死于癌症。(此部分用巧辩异同形式来讲)举一反三dead adj 死的，无生命的death n.死亡（不可数）；死了的人（可数）deadly adj. 致命的dying adj. 垂死的，即将死亡的15.Within seven years,21 people who had something to with the opening of the tomb died.【词汇精讲】within prep.在之内；在内，不超过Hell return within an hour.他将在一小时内回来。You can only stay within the school.你只能呆在学校内。【短语精讲】have sth to do with 与有关have nothing to with与无关16.Howard Carter, however, lived on and died at the age of 65.然而霍华德卡特继续活到65岁。【词汇精讲】live vi & vt 活着，生活；实践；adj. (动物)活的； adj & adv 现场直播的用法指南live a adj. life =lead a adj. life过着样的生活live on 继续活下去；以为食物，靠活下去live ones dream 实践某人的梦想巧辩异同live只修饰物alive可做表语和后置定语（多用于人）、补语。living可指人或物，指活着的或者有生命的。17.If breathed in, they can result in illness or even death。如果被呼吸进去，他们会导致疾病甚至死亡。【句法分析】此句里if部分省去了they are.在if、unless、once、though、when、while引导的从句里，如果主语一致并且谓语部分含有be动词，可将主语和be动词省去 。If heated, water will be changed into vapour=.If water is heated,如果加热，水就会变成蒸汽。I will not go to the party unless invited=.unless I am invited.除非受到邀请，否则我不参加晚会。【词汇精讲】 breathe vt/vi呼吸举一反三breath n.呼吸hold ones breath 屏住气，不呼吸out of breath 气喘吁吁【词汇精讲】result n.& vi 结果。用法指南 as a result 结果+结果as a result of 作为的结果+原因He often overeats. As a result, he is ill.他常暴食，结果他身体不好。As a result of his laziness, he failed the exam.因懒惰，他考试失败。巧辩异同result from是因为的结果result in导致结果His cancer resulted from smoking.他得癌症是因为抽烟。Smoking can result in cancer.抽烟能引起癌症。举一 cause导致结果反三lead to导致结果Smoking can cause cancer.= Smoking can lead to cancer.抽烟能引起癌症。18. When scientists examine mummies, they wear special clothing to protect themselves.【词汇精讲】examine vt仔细检查用法指南examine sth检查My bags were examined when I entered the country.在进入这个国家的时候，他们检查了我的行李。Youd better have your eyes examined.你最好检查你的眼睛。巧辩异同examine仔细检查，目的是为了发现check检验、核对（是否符合规格、是否正确）He is checking the pupils homework.他正在检查学生的作业。【词汇精讲】protect vt.保护用法指南protect sth from保护We must protect our country from the enemy.我们必须保卫我们的国家不受侵犯。巧辩异同protectfrom保护，from不可省preventfrom使不能做，在主动语态里from可省keepfrom使不能做，from不可省19.What is certain, though, is that the mystery of Tutankhamums tomb has never been fully explained. 然而可以肯定的是图坦卡蒙国王陵墓之谜还未被破解。【句法分析】此句里what is certain是句子的主语,that从句部分是表语。此句的主语和表语都是由从句充当。多举几个例子讲一下主语从句的用法。【词汇精讲】certain adj当然的、肯定的；不确定的（人或物）用法指南It is certain that clausesomebody be certain that clauseThe deer like to eat a certain kind of rose.那些鹿喜欢吃某种玫瑰。Certain books are needed in the school这个学校需要某些书。It is certain that he ll win.他肯定会赢。Im certain that hell win.我敢肯定他会赢。【词汇精讲】though conj 尽管：但是用法指南He has donated a lot of money to the poor girl,though he is not rich.尽管他并不富裕，但已经捐了不少钱给那个女孩。adv尽管：但是（放在第二句的末尾，往往用逗号与前面的句子隔开）巧辨异同though可用作连词和副词although只用作连词，不用于as though和倒装句中Though/ Although he is ill, he goes on working.（都可以）Young though he is, he knows a lot.尽管年轻，他知道许多。（不能用although）He speaks as though he were a king他说话的样子好象他是个国王。（不能用although）20.Good readers learn to think ahead and predict information in advance.【短语精讲】in advance 在前面；预先Hell be away on business that day. So he pay the telephone bill in advance.他将出差，所以提前付了电话费。 举一反三in advance of 在之前in advance to预付给某人during the advance 行进中on the advance 在前进中with the advance of 随着的增加21.It is believed that the mummys curse makes those who enter Egypt ill.【句法分析】It is believed that人们相信在这个句型里是形式主语，真正的主语是部分。it不能用其它词替代，that习惯上也不省。类似的还有许多,例如：It is said that据说It is reported that据报道it is hoped that人们希望It is required that(should)有要求（从句里用should +动词原形） 此句型往往可以转化为。Sth is said/belived to be.22.There is scientific reason why people died after entering the tomb. 为什么进了坟墓之后那么多的人死了有科学的原因。【句法分析】why 引导一个非限制性定语从句修饰reason。【语法点拨】当reason在定语从句里充当状语时，定语从句用why或者for which引导。如果充当宾语或者主语，应该用that或者which。I dont know the reason why/for which he was late.我不知道他迟到的原因。Do you remember the reason that/which he told us.你还记得他告诉我们的那个原因。23.I have spent most of my time searching for lost treasures.【句法分析】这个句子的结构是spend time doing sth.lost是定语，修饰treasures.【词汇精讲】lose vt丢失用法指南lose sth丢（动作）be lost丢了/某人迷路了/失踪（状态）a lost sth/sb丢失的be lost in沉浸于之中I lost my pen.我丢了钢笔。My pen was lost.我的钢笔丢了He lost his way.他迷路了。He was lost in the forest.他在森林里迷路了。Lost in thought, he hit a tree while having a walk.散步时，因为沉浸于思考之中，他撞到树上。巧辨异同gone（只做表语）丢失的，消失的missing丢失的,做表语或定语lost丢失的，做表语或定语gone（只做表语）丢失的，消失的missing 丢失的The necklace was lost /gone/missing.那个项链丢了。a lost /missing necklace一个丢失的项链24.All my years of training as an explorer have finally paid off.【词汇精讲】pay off vi. & vt. 还清债务，付清报酬让某人离开；使人得益，有报偿用法指南He has paid off my wages.他付清我的工资。His hard work has paid off.他的努力得到回报。举一反三pay back偿还；报答；向报复pay money for sth 因为付钱pay sb money for sth因为付钱给某人How can I pay back your kindness?我怎样才能报答你的好意？Ill pay back what you have done to me.我将报答你对我做的一切。He paid me ten yuan for my work.因为我的工作，他付了10元。25.However, nothing can compare with what I found today.没有什么能与今天的发现相比。【词汇精讲】compare vt比较，对照；vt 比喻；vi比得上用法指南comparewith把进行比较compare with 与相比compare to把比作