高考英语 阅读理解基础练习（6）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解基础练习（6）及答案 (2012河北省普高质检) in an ideal world, people would not test medicines on animals. such experiments are stressful and sometimes painful for animals, and expensive and timeconsuming for people. yet animal experimentation is still needed to help bridge vast gaps in medical knowledge. that is why there are some 50 to 100 million animals used in research around the world each year.europe, on the whole, has the worlds most restrictive laws on animal experiments. even so, its scientists use some 12 million animals a year, most of them mice and rats, for medical research. official statistics show that just l. 1 million animals are used in research in america each year. but that is misleading. the american authorities do not think mice and rats are worth counting and, as these are the most common laboratory animals, the true figure is much higher. japan and china have even less comprehensive data than americanow europe is reforming the rules governing animal experiments by restricting the number of animals used in labs. alternatives to animal testing, such as using human tissue or computer models, are now strongly recommended. in addition, sharing all research results freely should help to reduce the number of animals for scientific use. at present, scientists often share only the results of successful experiments. if their findings do not fit the hypothesis being tested, the work never sees the light of day. this practice means wasting time, money, and animals lives in endlessly repeating the failed experiments.animal exponentiation has taught humanity a great deal and saved countless lives. it needs to continue, even if that means animals sometimes suffer. europes new measures should eventually both reduce the number of animals used in experiments and improve the way in which scientific research is conducted.64what is the main idea of this passage?a. the success of animal experiments should be ensured.b. ban on the use of animals in the lab should be enforced.c. greater efforts need to be taken to reduce the number of lab animals.d. scientists should be required to share their research results with each other.答案：c主旨大意题。由全文可知，主要讲述我们应该努力减少用动物做实验的数量。65which of the following statements is true about animals used in the lab?aamerica uses only about l1 million lab animals per year.beurope does not use mice and rats as lab animals at all.cbritain does not use as many lab animals as china does.djapan has limited data on the number of lab animals used each year.答案：d细节理解题。由第二段最后一句话“japan and china have even less comprehensive data than america”可知，日本和中国实验用的动物数量很少。66which of the following is mentioned as an alternative to replace animal experiments?a. statistical studies. b. computer models.cdna planted in animals. d. tissue from dead animals.答案：b细节理解题。由第三段第二句话“alternatives to animal testing, such as using human tissue or computer models, are now strongly recommended.”可知，可以用计算机模型或者人体组织替代动物做实验。67what usually happens to unsuccessful animal experiments?a. they are not revealed to the public.b. they are made into teaching materials.c. they are co1lected for future publication.d. they are not removed from the research topic list.答案：a细节理解题。由第三段第四、五两句话“at present, scientists often share only the results of successful experiments. if their findings do not fit the hypothesis being tested, the work never sees the light of day.”可知，科学家只公布成功的实验。*结束 (2012延边州质检)can dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in the same home? people who are thinking about adopting a dog as a friend for their cats are worried that they will fight. a recent research has found a new recipe of success. according to the study, if the cat is adopted before the dog, and if they are introduced when still young (less than 6 months for cats, a year for dogs), it is highly probable that the two pets will get along swimmingly. twothirds of the homes interviewed reported a positive relationship between their cat and dog.however, it wasnt all sweetness and light. there was a reported coldness between the cat and dog in 25% of the homes, while aggression and fighting were observed in 10% of the homes. one reason for this is probably that some of their body signals were just opposite. for example, when a cat turns its head away it signals aggression, while a dog doing the same signals submission(恭维)in homes with cats and dogs living peacefully, researchers observed a surprising behavior. they are learning how to talk each others language. it is a surprise that cats can learn how to talk dog， and dogs can learn how to talk catwhats interesting is that both cats and dogs have appeared to develop their intelligence. they can learn to read each others body signals, suggesting that the two may have more in common than we preciously suspected. once familiar with each others presence and body language, cats and dogs can play together, greet each other nose to nose, and enjoy sleeping together in the sofa. they can easily share the same water bowl and in some cases groom(梳理) each other.the significance of this research on cats and dogs may go beyond petsto people who dont get along, including neighbors, colleagues at work, and even world superpowers. if cats and dogs can learn to get along, surely people have a good chance.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。通过科学研究表明猫和狗在一定的情况下是能够和平相处的。如果先收养猫并且猫不到6个，狗不到一年，他们就能顺利地和平相处。通过观察他们不能和平相处的原因是他们之间误解了彼此的身势语而造成的。但有趣的是猫和狗能够相互学习彼此的身势语，这样他们就能和平相处。68the underlined word “swimmingly” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to_.a. early b. sweetly c. quickly d. smoothly答案：d考查推测词义。如果先收养猫并且猫不到6个，狗不到一年，他们就能顺利的和平相处。2/3被采访的家庭也表明这样的结果。69some cats and dogs may fight when_.a. they are cold to each other b. they look away from each otherc. they misunderstand each others signalsd. they are introduced at an early age答案：c考查细节理解。根据第二段第二句中“.while aggression and fighting were observed in 10% of the homes. one reason for this is probably that some of their body signals were just opposite.”可知选c。70it is suggested in paragraph 4 that cats and dogs_.a. have common interests b. are less different than we thoughtc. have a common body language d. are less intelligent than we expected答案：b考查细节理解。根据文章第四段第二句中的“they can learn to read each others body signals, suggesting that the two may have more in common than was preciously suspected.”可知b正确。 a online shopping started not so long ago. tim berners-lee invented the world wide web in 1990. the first online bank opened in 1994. in 1995, amazon started operating and is not one of the largest online shopping malls. then in 1996, ebay started its online shopping site.by sitting at home you can now buy anything from knives to cars. the worry you may have about traveling and parking can be avoided(避免) while you shop online. with online shopping, you need not worry about the weather. online shops have no holidays, closing times or any other problems. you can shop 24 hours a day, 7 days a week and 365 days a year. some online shops also keep customersopinions about each product, so you can easily find out what other customers think about the product before buying it.when you go for real-world shopping, you can actually touch and feel it, but in online shopping you can only see the pictures. also if you are shopping online, you have to be careful with your credit cards.the first step in online shopping is to search for what you want to buy. once you find the required product, put it in a “shopping cart” and continue shopping. after you have got enough in your “shopping cart”, check out the product. you can add or take out the products in your shopping cart. the next step is to login(登录) using a username and a password. enter the address where you want the product to be sent. some sites even ask for your email, phone numbers, ect.then wait for the confirmation(确认) of your order. you can also cancel(取消) the order if needed. online shopping is a different experience and you can make shopping online easy when you get used to it.56. when shopping online, you can . a. park your car where you want to b. buy anything wherever you go c. touch anything you want to buy d. know what others think of the product 57. the second paragraph mainly tells us . a. people can do online shopping at their own homes b. the things people can buy in online shops c. the advantages people can have through online shopping d. people can know different opinions of customers58. from the text, we can know that . a. once customers put the products in their “shopping carts”, they cant change them b. customers should be careful with their credit cards when shopping online c. customers must give their emails as well as their phone numbers d. people can know different opinions of all customers59. if you want to buy a cup online, what is the right order of the following things you can do? a. put the cup into your “shopping cart”. b. wait for the confirmation of the order.c. search for a right cup.d. enter the address.a. b-c-d-a b. c-a-d-b c. a-b-c-d d. c-d-a-b early on saturday morning, one of the largest earthquakes ever recorded hit central chile. the powerful quake killed more than 800 people, destroyed or badly damaged 1.5 million homes and affected almost 2 million people. the 8.8-magnitude earthquake struck around 3:34 a.m., jolting(震摇) people awake all over the country. the earthquake came from underwater, off the coast of chile. fernando abarzua was in one of the many buildings that collapsed(倒塌) there. “i was on the eighth floor and all of a sudden i was down here,” he said, adding that he was surprised to have escaped with no major injuries.the earthquake triggered(引发) a tsunami that swept across the pacific ocean, setting off warnings in 53 countries. in the end, the tsunamis waves caused major damage and several deaths in chile but nowhere else. dozens of aftershocks, or smaller earthquakes, rattled(使颤动) the area in the days following saturdays massive quake.chile has a history of earthquakes. the largest recorded earthquake in the worlda 9.5-magnitude quakestruck the country in may 1960. since 1973, there have been 13 quakes there with a magnitude of at least 7.0. as a result, chiles newer buildings were built to withstand(经受住) the shocks.that is one reason that chiles quakethough 500 times strongerhas caused much less damage than the earthquake that struck haiti in january.on sunday, bachelet ordered troops in chile to help hand out food, water and blankets and to clear rubble(瓦砾堆)from the roads. temporary hospitals were planned for the hardest-hit areas.she later requested help from the international community. on monday, the united nations prepared earthquake relief efforts as well as 30 tons of food and other help.even before bachelets request, president obama announced that the u.s. was prepared to help. “the united states stands ready to assist in the rescue and recovery efforts,” he said. 60. the passage mainly tells us . a. how the world helped chile after its earthquake b. a massive（巨大的） earthquake rocked chile and the response to itc. hundreds of people died after the chiles earthquake d. the poorest country-chile was destroyed completely61. according to the passage, we know fernando abarzua is . a. brave b. devoted c. lucky d. kind 62. which of the following could be the main and direct reason that caused less damage in chile than that in haiti? a. help came in time. b. chiles people had got the news before the earthquake.c. chile is richer than haiti. d. most of the buildings in chile can bear the shocks.63. the passage most probably appears . a. in a newspaper b. in a magazine c. in a history book d. in an advertisement going on a road trip? the st. louis arch, statue of liberty and golden gate bridge are great tourist sites. but if you prefer offbeat destinations(目的地), check out the following roadside attractions. worlds largest ball of paint alexandria, ind. in 1977, michael carmichael set out to create the biggest ball of paint anywhere. starting with a baseball as center, he painted layer after layer of paint day after day, year after year. the ball weighs more than 1,300 pounds, with more than 20,000 coats of paint,” which is recognized by guinness world records. visitors can paint the ball themselves and become part of history. the museum of dirt boston, mass. the museum is the idea of glenn johnson. labeled(贴有标签的) glass bottles contain such treasures as dirt from the great wall of china, as well as sand from a desert in saudi arabia and omaha beach in france. best of all, the cost of seeing this museum is dirt cheap: its free. mount horeb mustard museum mount horeb, wis. its heaven for hotdog lovers! this museum claims to have the worlds largest collection of prepared mustard (芥末). its more than 4,100 bottles of spices come from 60 nations, including turkey and china. visitors learn the history of mustard, from how its made to how its advertised and sold. the museums creator, barry levenson, loves mustard so much that he even puts it on ice cream! paper house rockport, mass. swedish immigrant (移民) ellis stenman was much ahead of his time in 1922, when he started to build a two-room house almost entirely out of newspaper. at the time, people didnt give much if any-thought to recycling paper. the house is framed with wood, but the walls are made of 215 layers(层) of newspaper.64. the underlined word “offbeat” in the first paragraph has the same meaning as . a. great b. foreign c. unusual d. historical 65. if you want to add your own work to what you visit, you may choose . a. worlds largest ball of paint b. the museum of dirt c. mount horeb mustard museum d. paper house 66. which of the following is true of barry levenson according to the text? a. no spices but mustard can be found in his museum.b. he travels around the world to collect mustard.c. mustard is advertised and sold in his museum.d. in a way, he shows much preference for mustard.(2012浙江省部分重点中学2月联考)if your preschoolers turn up their noses at carrots or celery, a small reward like a sticker for taking even a taste may help get them to eat previously disliked foods, a uk study said.though it might seem obvious that a reward could encourage young children to eat their vegetables, the idea is actually controversial, researchers wrote in the american journal of clinical nutrition. thats because some studies have shown that rewards can backfire and cause children to lose interest in foods they already liked, said jane wardle, a researcher at university college london who worked on the study. verbal praise, such as “brilliant! youre a great vegetable taster，” did not work as well.the study found that when parents gave their small children a sticker each time they took a “tiny taste” of a disliked vegetable, it gradually changed their attitudes. the children were also willing to eat more of the vegetableseither carrots, celery, cucumber, red pepper, cabbage or sugar snap peasin laboratory taste tests, the study said.researchers randomly assigned(分派)173 families to one of these groups. in one, parents used stickers to reward their children each time they took a tiny sample of a disliked vegetable. a second group of parents used verbal praise. the third group, where parents used no special vegetablepromoting methods, served as a “control”parents in the reward groups offered their children a taste of the “target” vegetable every day of 12 days. soon after, children in the sticker group were giving higher ratings to the vegetables and were willing to eat more in the research lab, going from an average of 5 grams at the start to about 10 grams after the 12day experience. the turnaround also seemed to la