福建省莆田哲理中学高三英语 语法复习 介词.doc

vii 介词一、介词的分类1、简单介词。 about, above, across, after, against, along, among, around, at, before, behind, below, beside, besides, between, beyond, but, by, down, during, except, for, from, in, like, of, off, on, over, near, past, round, since, through, till, to, towards, under, until, up, with.2、合成介词。 inside, into, onto, outside, upon, without, throughout, within.3、短语介词。 along with, because of, in front of, instead of, together with, next to, in honour of, by means of, in favour of, except for, in spite of, out of.二、常见介词的基本用法。1、表示时间的in, on与at。如：at three oclock在三点钟；at 7:45 在七点四十五分 at half past ten 在十点半 on sunday 在星期天；on may 1st 在五月一日 on saturday evening 在星期六晚上 in 1980 在一九八零年 on the evening of august 8, 2008 在二零零八年八月八日的晚上 in the morning / afternoon / evening 在早上/下午/晚上 in autumn 在秋天2、表示时间的in与after“在之后”。in表示在将来的一段时间之后。如：ill go there in four days. 我四天后去哪里。after表示以过去为七点的将来或表示将来的某点时间之后。如：i went after four days. 我是四天后走的。 he will be here after 2 oclock. 他将在亮点后到这儿。3、表示地点的in与at。in后接相对较大的地方；at后接相对较小的地方。如：we arrived at the village yesterday. 我们昨天到达了那个村庄。 she arrived in beijing last week. 她上周到了北京。5、表示“用”的with, in与by。with指“用具体的手段或工具”。如：cut it with a knife. 用刀把它切开。in指“用语言/材料”。如：say it in english. 用墨水写。by表示“方式（方法、手段、交通工具等）”。如：well go to henan by train. 我们要乘火车去河南。6、about的用法。（1）有关，关于。如：they are telling the teacher something about the accident. 他们在想老师讲那个交通事故。（2）到处，在的周围。如：the boy ran about the house. 那个男孩在屋里到处跑。 i have lost my watch about here. 我在这附近吧手表丢了。（3）大约。如：she got here at about five oclock. 她大约在5点左右到达了哲理。7、of的用法。（1）of表示“（属于的）”。如：beijing is the capital of china. 北京是中国的首都。 this is a photo of my family. 这是一张我家的全家福照片。 half of the students are league members. 一半的学生是团员。 there is a cup of tea on the desk. 桌上有一杯茶。（2）of表示“数量或种类”。如：which kind of fruit do you like? 你喜欢哪种水果？（3）of表示“涉及，提及”。如：i have never heard of such an interesting thing. 我从来没听说过这样有趣的是。（4）表示在人群或数字当中，引出范围。如：he is the tallest of the three. 他是三个人中最高的。（5）表示部分与整体的关系。如：the child has eaten some of the cake. 孩子已将那蛋糕吃掉了一些。 one of the three questions was beyond me. 那三个问题中有一个我答不出来。8、for的用法。（1）为（表示目的，可有不同译法）。如：we can go for a walk after dinner. 晚饭后我们可以去散散步。 stamps are used for sending letters. 邮票用来寄信。（2）想找到或得到。如：someone is asking for you on the phone. 有电话找你。 he had to turn to the teacher for advice. 他不得不向教师求教。（3）表示原因。如：im sorry for being late. 对不起，我迟到了。 thanks for your help. 谢谢你的帮助。（4）对，对于。如：milk and vegetables are good for children. 牛奶和蔬菜对孩子身体有好处。 its important for us. 这对我们来说很重要。（5）给的，供用的。如：here is a letter for you. 这儿有你的信。 these small desks are for the children below10. 这些小书桌是给10岁以下孩子用的。（6）表示一段距离或时间。如：i followed him for quite a distance. 我跟了他很长一段路。 i havent heard from him for some time. 我有一段时间没收到他的来信了。（7）去或开往某地。如：here is the train for guangzhou. 这是开往广州的火车。（8）赞成（同意）。如：are you for the plan or against it? 你是赞成这个计划还是反对？9、with的用法。（1）和，同，与。如：i wont quarrel with you. 我不和你吵。（2）用，以，被（可有较灵活译法）。如：knowledge begins with practice. 知识始于实践。 he wanted to kill two birds with one stone. 他想一举两得。（3）表示原因。如：the poor woman was trembling with fear. 这可怜的女人吓得发抖。 his hands were rough with work. 由于操劳，他的手粗糙得很。（4）有，带有。如：the man with dark glasses is her father. 戴墨镜的那个人是她父亲。（5）随着，伴随（有）。如：the woman went away, with a baby in her arms. 那妇女抱着一个小孩走了。 with these words, he walked out. 说完这些话，他就走了。（6）对，就来说。如：you must be strict with us. 你必须对我们严格要求。 she is very patient with the children. 她对孩子们很耐心。 its the same with us students. 我们学生也是这样。10、by的用法。（1）在旁边，从旁边通过。如：she is sitting by the window. 她正坐在窗子旁。 she passed by me without noticing me. 她从我身旁经过，但是没看到我。（2）到（某时候）。如：perhaps she has known the truth by now. 到现在她可能已经知道真相了。 by the time he was ten, he had learned how to swim. 到他十岁时，他已学会了游泳。（3）由，被（某人做的），通过（方法，手段，交通工具等），凭。如：her clothes were made by her mother. 她的衣服是母亲做的。 you shouldnt judge strangers by the clothes they wear.你不应该依据衣着来判断陌生人。（4）表示增减成都、尺寸数量等。如：sales of these books have increased by 40%. 这些书的销量上升了40%。 the water level of the lake is going to rise by 20 meters. 湖的水面将会上升20米。三、介词短语的构成与用法。1、介词短语的构成主要有下面三种形式：（1）动词+介词。如：look at看；listen to听；talk about谈论；come across（偶然）遇到，发现；look after照料；act as担当，起的作用；work hard at努力学；take part in参加；die of死于；depend on依靠。（2）形容词+介词。如：be friendly to对友好；be angry with生气；get tired of讨厌；be worried about担心；be famous for以出名；be made from由制成。（3）介词+名词。如：on foot步行；by bike骑自行车；with joy高兴地；as a result结果；at present现在；at once马上；for example例如；for sale出售；in public公开地；in fact事实上；on fire着火；on time准时。2、介词短语在句中作用很大，常用来作表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语或独立成分。如：were at work now. 我们在上班。（作表语） the ball under the desk is kangkangs. 桌子下面的那个球是康康的。（作定语） to my surprise, he was so clever. 使我吃惊的是，他是如此聪明。（作状语修饰句子） classes begin at night. 九点钟开始上课。（作状语修饰句子） i left the key at home. 我把钥匙放在家里了。（作宾补） by the way, when will you go there? 顺便问一问，你什么时候去那儿? （作独立成分）1. _ a teacher, john thinks that his main duty is to help the students to become better learners. a. asb. byc. about2. how do you learn english so well?_chatting with my uncle in america online. a. forb. by c. ind. with3. i got an e-mail this morning. its _ my best friend john. a. inb. onc. atd. from4. a study shows that a tropical fish in america can survive (存活) _ water for up to 66 hours. a. beyondb. inc. out ofd. from5. you must ride your bike _ the right side of the road. a. atb. onc. ind. for6. excuse me, young man. where is the park, please?its across _ the supermarket. a. inb. onc. fromd. at7. the fastest way to travel to shanghai is _ air. a. inb. byc. on8. we looked at each other _ surprise when we heard a bird si