江苏省句容市行香中学八年级英语上册 Unit 8 Natural disasters单元知识梳理 （新版）牛津版.doc

unit8welcome to the unit1. didnt you hear the rain?难道你没听到雨声吗？否定疑问句是由助动词、情态动词或be动词的否定式（多用缩略形式）加上主谓结构构成的。这种结构常用来表示惊奇、建议、看法、责难等语气，常带有质问对方或责怪对方的不满情绪，是用来表达一种特殊的情感或观点的句型，常可意为“难道不吗?”。e.g. why are you so late? didnt i tell you to come early?这种句型的答语与前面陈述部分为否定的反意疑问句的答语是一样的，答语中的no译作“是”，yes译作“不”。答语中该用yes还是no, 应根据答语的内容是肯定还是否定而定。 2. mop up是动词+副词构成的短语动词，mop的现在分词和过去式都要双写末尾的福音字母p，即：mopping, mopped。e.g. shes mopping the floor.mop up后接名词时，该词可以放在动词和副词之间，也可以放在副词的后面，若宾语是代词it或them时，则只能置于中间。如：mop up the water=mop the water upmop down 用拖把拖干净 mopfrom从擦去 mopwith 用擦3. thousands of表示“成千上万的”，修饰可数名词复数。当thousand与具体的数词连用时，其后不加-s。e.g. thousands of people went to welcome the star at the airport.hundred, million和billion与thousand用法一样，当它们前面有确切的数字时，不能加-s, 且不与of连用；当表达概数时，后应加-s, 并且与of连用。4. wash away 冲走e.g. the heavy rain washed away his shoes.5. catch fire 着火e.g. the police are trying to find out why the house caught fire.6. fall from是动词+介词构成的短语动词，意思是“从落下来”e.g. be careful not to fall from the tall tree.7. crash into 撞到 上/闯入 e.g. a coach crash into a wall last night.8. hear about 听说，相当于hear of, 后面常接名词、代词或动名词作宾语，表示听到有关某事的消息或情况。e.g. i heard about/of this matter long time ago.reading1. in fear 是介词短语，意为“惊恐地” be in fear of =be afraid ofe.g. those children live in fear.2. in all directions 四面八方 等于 in every directione.g. butterflies flew away in all directions/in every direction.in the same/opposite direction 朝相同/相反的方向in different directions 朝不同的方向in the direction of 朝方向，向着3. run out of 从跑出来，用完e.g. two mice ran out of the hole just now.run away 迅速逃离 run after 追逐，追求 run out 用完4. be trapped 陷入困境/受困，含有被动意思e.g. he was trapped on an island for a long time.5. say to oneself 自言自语e.g. he said to himself,“i want to be an actor.”6. calm down 平静下来，用代词作calm的宾语时，只能把代词置于两词中间。意为“使平静下来”e.g. you must calm yourself down when you are in danger.7. since表示稍加分析就得出来的双方都知道的原因，意为“既然”，常位于句首。e.g. since everyone is here,lets begin our meeting.as引导的从句多置于句首，表示十分明显的原因，意为“由于，鉴于”，e.g. as you werent there, i left a message.because引导的从句常位于句末，表示直接的原因或理由，表示必然性，常用于回答why引导的问句。 e.g. i was late because i was ill yesterday.8. alive用作形容词时，意为“活着的”，常在系动词之后作表语，不可在名词前作定语。 living用作形容词时，意为“活的，有生命的”，既可在系动词之后作表语，又可在名词前作定语。e.g. we were happy that the little girl was still alive. there are no living things on the moon.9. pullthrough 使度过危机/危险10. notat all 一点也不e.g. i am not feeling tired at all.11. find ones way out 找到出路e.g. we tried to find our way out, at last we did.12. try/do ones best竭尽全力e.g. they tried their best to help the poor.13. run out of跑出e.g. the students all ran out of the classroom as the bell rang.14. fall/be fast asleep 熟睡e.g. the boy fell fast asleep quickly.15. a moment of fear 一阵恐惧e.g. a moment of fear went through my mind.grammar1. break down （车辆或机器）出故障，坏掉e.g. my computer broke down, i need to repair it.2. because of 因为，后接名词、代词和动名词；because后接从句。e.g. he is away because he is ill.=he is away because of his illness.3. on the side of the road 在路边e.g. there are some flowers on the side of the road.4. 过去进行时：过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某段时间内进行或发生的动作。其肯定形式为was/were+ving; 其否定形式为was/were not+ving; 其一般疑问句形式为was/wereving? 常与表示过去的时间状语（last night, at that time, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten yesterday evening等 ）连用；或者与when, while, as引导的过去时间状语连用。e.g. he was watching tv at nine last night. was lily drawing a cat when the teacher came in? were you having supper at that time?5. when, while和as的用法（1）两个长动作用while或when。e.g. he was reading while/when i was watching tv.（2）两个短动作用ase.g. he sat down on the chair as he got home.（3）一个长动作和一个短动作。若短动作为主句，长动作为从句，则在长动作前用引导词when, while或as; 若长动作为主句，短动作为从句，则在短动作前用引导词when。e.g. when/while/as he was doing his homework, i came in. he was doing his homework when i came in.integrated skills&study skills1. asas possible尽可能（=asas sb. can/could）e.g. he got to school as early as possible.=he got to school as early as he could.2. on fire 着火e.g. he found his house on fire when he got home.3. stay away from 远离e.g. we must tell the children to stay away from fire.4. learn from 向学习/从中学到e.gwe learnt a lot from your talk. what did you learn from that film.task&self-assessment1. nearly adv. 几乎，将近my grandpa is nearly 70 years old.2. sharewith 和分享e.g. i shared an umbrella with him.3. keep falling 不停地下the snow kept falling at that time.4. hear the wind blowing 听见风刮的声音e.g. can you hear the wind blowing?5. lose my umbrella in the wind 风刮掉了我的伞e.g. i lost my umbrella in the strong wind.6. hear the noise of traffic 听到车辆的声音e.g. i live near the street and can hear the noise of the traffic every day.7. the next morning 第二天早上e.g. we went to nanjing the next morning.8. clear the snow from the streets 清除街道上的积雪e.g. lots of people are clearing the snow from the streets.八年级上册unit8词汇过关1灾难 n. 2完全地 adv. 3地震 n. 4事故 n. 5长途汽车 n. 6猛撞 vtvi. 7洪水 n. 8村庄 n . 9木板 n. 10风暴 n. 11雷 n. 12摇动 n. v. 13大声的 adj. adv. 14害怕 adj. n. 15方向 n. 16当的时候 conj. 17砖块 n. 18寂静的 adj. adv. 19是否 conj. 20紧张不安的 adj. 21心脏 n. 22使规律作响 vtvi. 23工作日 n. 24头脑 n. 25使平静 vtvi 26由于，既然 conj. 27仍然 adv. 28活着的 adj. 29黑暗 n. 30呼喊 n. v. 31日光 n. 32安全的 adj. n. 33睡着的 adj. v. 34在以后 conj. 35损坏 vi. 过去式 36规则 n. 37铁路 n. 38烧伤 n. v. 39女儿 n. 40(外)孙女 n. 41儿子 n. 42(外)孙子 n. 43头痛 n. 牙痛 n. 44农村 n. 45家务活 n. 家庭作业 46几乎，将近 adv. 八年级上册unit8必背短语1natural disaster自然灾害2mop up all the water up拖干净所有的水3wash away冲走4thousands of 成千上万的，数以千计的5a car accident一次车祸6crash into a tree撞上一棵树7hear about听说8start a big fire引起一场大火9be hurt受伤10in fear恐惧，害怕11try my best to do 尽我最大的努力做12run in all directions向四面八方跑13come down倒塌14not at a