高考英语阅读理解基础练习精品题（48）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解基础练习精品题（48）及答案【阅读理解细节事实】 passage * the following notice is posted in a bus terminal(终点站). time table: -buses leave the railway station, new york city, from 7:00 a. m, and every half an hour thereafter (此后), untii 11: 30 p. m, (7 days a week) -buses leave the brennan station 20 minutes before and after every hour from 6:20 a.m. to 10:40 p. m (7 days a week) -evening rush hours ( 5: 00 p. m, to 7: 00 p. m, ): buses leave the railway station, new york city, every 15 minutes. (mondayfriday)-holidays: buses leave every hour, each direction. (trip time. 30 minutes eachway) -all tickets must be bought at window 12, the railway station, new york city, or at the brennan station window before boarding buses. 1. at which of the following time does a bus leave new york for brennan on thursday? a. 8: 30a. m. b. 10: 15 a.m. c. 3 : 15 p.m. d. 11 : 45 p.m. 答案: a 指导：由发车时刻表第一部分可知，公共汽车离开new york开往brennan的时间是上午七点到夜里十一点半之间，且每隔半小时一班。2. which is the latest bus you could take from brennan if you had to meet a friend in new york at 10: 20 a. rn. on a friday? a. the 8:00 a. m, bus. b. the 9 : 40 a. m, bus. c. the 8 : 40 a. m, bus. d. the 9 : 20 a.m. bus. 答案: b 指导：由发车时刻表第二部分可知，公共汽车离开brennan开往new york的时间是上午6:20到夜间10:40之间，且每小时正点的前后20分钟各有一班。根据题意，最迟一班为上午9:403. if you want to take a bus in evening rush hours, you should take the bus at the railway station, new york city on monday? a. 6 : 20 p.m. b. 5: 45 p.m. c. 8: 00 p.m. d. 7 : 15 p.m. 答案: b 指导：公共汽车在晚上交通高峰期每15分钟一班，从下午5点到晚上7点。 if you want to stay young, sit down and have a good think. this is the research finding of a team of japanese doctors, who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exerciseand as a result, we are ageing unnecessarily soon.professor taiju matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of ageing could be slowed down.with a team of colleagues at tokyo national university, he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations.computer technology enabled the researchers to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain, which relate to intellect (智能) and emotion, and determine the human character. (the rear section of the brain, which controls functions like eating and breathing, does not contract with age, and one can continue living without intellectual or emotional faculties.)contraction of front and side partsas cells die offwas observed i some subjects in their thirties, but it was still not evident in some sixty- and seventy-year-olds.matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple remedy to the contraction normally associated with ageusing the head.the findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns. those least at risk, says matsuzawa, are lawyers, followed by university professors and doctors. white collar workers doing routine work in government offices are, however, as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm worker, bus driver and shop assistant.matsuzawas findings show that thinking can prevent the brain from shrinking. blood must circulate properly in the head to supply the fresh oxygen the brain cells need. “the best way to maintain good blood circulation is through using the brain,” he says, “think hard and engage in conversation. dont rely on pocket calculators.”36. the team of doctors wanted to find out _.a. why certain people age sooner than others b. how to make people live longerc. the size of certain peoples brains d. which people are most intelligent【答案】a【解析】细节理解题。由第二段“professor taiju matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of ageing could be slowed down.”可知医生们想要研究出为什么一些人比其他人老得更快。37. on what are their research findings based?a. a survey of farmers in northern japan. b. tests performed on a thousand old people.c. the study of brain volumes of different people d. the latest development of computer technology.【答案】c【解析】细节理解题。由“he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations.”可知选c。38. the doctors test show that _.a. our brains shrink as we grow older b. the front section of the brain does not shrinkc. sixty-year-olds have the better brains than thirty-year-oldsd. some peoples brains have contracted more than other peoples.【答案】d【解析】细节理解题。由“the findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns.”可知医生们的测试发现，一般而言，乡下人比城镇里的人的大脑收缩的更早。故选d。39. the word “subjects” in paragraph 5 means _.a. something to be considered b. branches of knowledge studiedc. persons chosen to be studied in an experimentd. any member of a state except the supreme ruler.【答案】c【解析】词义猜测题。由“but it was still not evident in some sixty- and seventy-year-olds.”可知“subjects”指的是被选入实验中做研究的人。故选c。40. according to the passage, which people seem to age slower than the others?a. lawyers. b. farmers. c. clerks. d. shop assistants.【答案】a【解析】细节理解题。由“those least at risk, says matsuzawa, are lawyers,”可知律师变老的风险最小。故选a。 【阅读理解主旨大意】 passage* a teacher of english as a second language is the 20典型例题her of the year in the united states. kathy mellor of rhode island will spend the next year as an international spokeswoman for education. president bush and his wife. eaura. honored her during a ceremony (仪式) at the white house last week. for the past nineteen years. kathy melior has taught english as a second language at davisville middle school in north kingstown, rhode island, in the northeastern united states. she redesigned the program for e. s. l. students at her school to provide each student with one to three periods per day in classes for english learners. how much instruction the students get depends on their level of skill in listening, speak- lng, reading and writing. the amount of time they spend in these classes is reduced as their level of english increases. a teacher describes tfiis as the most successful e. s. l. program in north kingstown. she also praises kathy melior for providing help to students and their families by forming a local parents group for speakers of other languages. this improved their ability to help their children. kathy melior earned a masters degree in education from rhode island college. she studied teaching english as a second language.she was chosen for the national honor of teacher of the year from among top teachers in each of the fifty states. as teacher of the year, kathy melior will travel around the united states and to other countries. she will talk about the impor- tance of education and the work of teachers. 1. this passage is mainly about_. a. teacher of the year 20典型例题he united states b. ms mellors english teaching instruction c. ms mellors teaching skills of learning english d. praises to ms melior from other teachers 答案: a 指导：本文通过首段首句可看出答案：一名把英语作为第二语言的英语教师成为20典型例题一位模范(一项荣誉)。所以a是最佳选项；其他三项都是主旨下的细节。2. what does e. s. l. in the passage stand for? a. english study learners. b. english speaking and listening. c. english special learners. d. english as a second language. 答案: d 指导：结合整篇文章的中心句(第一段第一句)及第二段第一、二句，可得出答案。猜测词义千万不要望文生义，要结合该词前后的两或三个句子，结合文章或段落中心，加以推断。3. from this passage we can learn that_ a. middle school teachers from each state are honored teachers of the year b. middle school teachers in the usa have to get masters degrees c. ms mellors students have no problems in learning engish d. the american government pays much attention to education passage 答案: d指导：文章第一段最后两句介绍kathy melior(作为20典型例题范教师)将在明年作为international spokeswoinan for education，并且总统夫妇于上周在白宫向她表示敬意，可见政府对教育之重视。【2013高考英语辽宁省沈阳市领航试卷】babout six years ago i was eating lunch in a restaurant in new york city when a woman and a young boy sat down at the next table. i couldnt help overhearing parts of their conversation. at one point the woman asked: “so, how have you been?” and the boy, who could not have been more than seven or eight years old, replied, “frankly, ive been a little depressed lately.” this incident stuck in my mind because it confirmed my growing belief that children are changing. as far as i can remember, my friends and i didnt find out we were “depressed” until we were in high school.the evidence of a change in children has increased steadily in recent years. children dont seem childlike anymore. children speak more like adults, dress more like adults and behave more like adults than they used to.whether this is good or bad is difficult to say, but it certainly is different. childhood as it once was no longer exists, why? human development is based not only on innate(天生) biological states, but also on patterns of access to social knowledge. movement from one social rote(生搬硬套) to another usually involves learning the secrets of the new status. children have always been taught adult secrets, but slowly and in stages: we tell sixth graders things we keep hidden from fifth graders.in the last 30 years, however, a secret-revelation(揭示) machine has been brought in 98 percent of american homes. it is called television. television passes information to all viewers alike, indiscriminately (不加区分地). unable to resist the temptation, many children turn their attention from printed texts to the less challenging, more vivid moving pictures.communication through print, as a matter of fact, allows for a great deal of control over the social information to which children have access. reading and writing involve a complex code of symbol that must be memorized and practiced. children must read simple books before they can read complex materials.40traditionally, a child is supposed to learn about the adult world_.athrough contact with societybnaturally and by biological instinct (本能)cgradually and under guidance dthrough exposure to social information41the phenomenon that todays children seem adult like is due to _. athe widespread influence of televisionbthe poor arrangement of teaching contentcthe fast pace of human intellectual developmentdthe constantly rising standard of living42why is the author in favor of communication through print for children?ait enables children to gain more social information.bit develops childrens interest in reading and writing.cit helps children to memorize and practice more. dit can control what children are to learn.43what does the author think of the change in todays children? ahe feels amused by their premature (早熟) behavior. bhe thinks it is a phenomenon worthy of note. che considers it a positive development. dhe seems to be upset about it.参考答案 40-43 cadb the speaker, a teacher from a community college, addressed a sympathetic audience. heads nodded in agreement when he said, high school english teachers are not doing their jobs. he described the inadequacies of his students, all high school graduates who can use language only at a grade 9 level. i was unable to determine from his answers to my questions how this grade 9 level had been established.my topic is not standards nor its decline（降低）. what the speaker was really saying is that eh is no longer young; he has been teaching for sixteen years, and is able to think and speak like a mature adult.my point is that the frequent complaint of one generation about the one immediately following it is inevitable. it is also human nature to look for the reasons for our dissatisfaction. before english became a school subject in the late nineteenth century, it was difficult to find the target of the blame for language deficiencies（缺陷）. but since then, english teachers have been under constant attack.the complainers think they have hit upon an original idea. as their own command of the language improves, they notice that young people do not have this same ability. unaware that their own ability has developed through the years, they assume the new generation of young people must be hopeless in this respect. to the eyes and ears of sensitive adults the language of the young always seems inadequate.since this concern about the decline and fall of the english language is not perceived as a generational phenomenon but rather as something new and peculiar to todays young people, it naturally follows that todays english teachers cannot be doing their jobs. otherwise, young people would not have a poor command of english.41. the speaker the author mentioned in the passage believed that _.a. the language of the younger generation is usually inferior to that t of the older generationb. the students had a poor command of english because they didnt work hard enoughc. he was an excellent language teacher because he had been teaching english for sixteen yearsd. english teachers should be held responsible for the students poor command of english【答案】d【解析】细节理解题。由“high school english teachers are not doing their jobs.”可知作者提到的说话人认为，英语老师应该为学生的英语不好负责。故选d。42. in the authors opinion, the speaker _. a. gave a correct judgment of the english level of the studentsb. had exaggerated （夸张）the language problems of the studentsc. was right in saying that english teachers were not doing their jobsd. could think and speak intelligently【答案】b【解析】细节理解题。由“as their own command of the language improves, they notice that young people do not have this same ability. unaware that their own ability has developed through the years, they assume the new generation