湖南大学建工毕设中英文摘要.doc

湖 南 大 学 毕 业 设 计 摘 要本设计的设计题目为高层钢筋混凝土框架结构图书馆。本图书馆是中南地区某高校的校内图书馆，主要为全校师生员工的教学和科研服务，有时也对有关单位开放。馆址位于学校教学区与学生宿舍区之间，地点适中，场地宽敞，地势平坦，附近有池塘、小丘、草坪，四周自然景色优美。本设计一共分三个大部分：建筑设计、结构设计和施工设计。建筑设计：本图书馆设计使用年限50年，为一类高层图书馆，一级耐火等级。她由主楼和裙楼构成，建筑占地面积1611.75，总建筑面积11508.88。主楼地上10层，地下1层；建筑高度39.450m，师生人数约6000人，藏书量100万册，学生阅览座位1000座。裙楼地上2层，地下0层，为图书馆办公和报告厅等用地。在建筑设计过程中，主要依据任务书进行设计，同时严格按照民用建筑设计通则、高层民用建筑设计防火规范(GB50045-95,2005年版)等最新规范进行设计。设计以“适用、经济和美观”为原则。做到了房间面积合适、空间关系协调、环境条件良好，同时结构、构造和施工简单、合理且方便。设计中重点考虑图书馆的功能要求对各空间进行布局，并时刻考虑防火、抗震等方面的构造要求。本图书馆设计中主要功能分区为藏书区、阅览区、目录厅和出纳台、信息服务中心、采编用、装订修复间、复印室、多功能厅、门厅、读者休息处和卫生间等。其中藏书区的设计主要考虑书库分类、基本书库平面位置、书库平面布局和书架排列以及书架高度与书库层高之间的关系等内容。而阅览室则又划分为报纸阅览室、期刊阅览室、学生阅览室、教师阅览室以及电子阅览室等。以上每一项的设计都得基本符合该功能区参与活动的平面面积和空间尺寸要求。设计中要考虑动静分区，洁净分区等原则问题。本图书馆同时还要进行无障碍设计，方便残疾人入馆学习。由于图书馆阅览室对采光的要求非常高，所以本图书馆设计的窗户尺寸都设计的很大以到达采光要求。本设计全部使用CAD绘图。 本建筑设计经过多次修改，最终方案结构合理方便设计，外观中规中矩，简单却适用。结构设计：本图书馆设计的工程地质条件为：自然地表3m内为填土，填土下层为2.5m厚的砂质粘土，再下层为砾石层。砂质粘土（地基承载力特征值为280)，砾石层（地基承载力特征为330）。地下水位在地表以下6m，无侵蚀性。抗震设防烈度为7度（第一组）。场地土为类土。气象条件为：全年最热月平均温度29.6,最冷月平均4.2；夏季极端最高温度39.8，冬季极端最低温度-9.5。最热月平均相对湿度为73%。全年西北风，夏季为东南风，基本风压为=0.35。基本雪压=0.45，=1.0。材料主要使用C45等级混凝土，HRB400级受力钢筋和HPB300级箍筋，地上部分外墙使用烧结多孔砖，内隔墙采用混凝土小型空心砌块。本图书馆采用现浇钢筋混凝土框架结构，二级抗震设防。主楼层高均为3.9m，内设两部电梯，两部楼梯，基础顶面标高-4.800m（地下室地坪以下0.600m），柱下独立基础埋深2.1m,基础底部标高-6.300m。结构总高度为42.600m。主梁尺寸均为400900，次梁尺寸均为300700；纵向柱距为8.4m,横向柱距均为8.0m。除地下室顶板厚为160mm钢筋混凝土板外，其余层楼板厚为120mm；框架柱尺寸均为10001000方柱。地震荷载及风载水平力由框架结构来承受，垂直荷载由框架结构传至钢筋混凝土独立基础上。本图书馆参考最新混凝土结构设计规范（2010版）及其他相关最新规范进行设计。结构设计过程涉及以下内容：对结构进行荷载计算、地震和风荷载计算并绘出受荷总图。用迭代法进行竖向荷载作用下的内力计算；采用D值法进行水平地震作用下的框架内力计算；风荷载作用下的内力计算；分别进行地震和风荷载作用下的位移验算。分别进行考虑地震作用与不考虑地震作用的内力最不利组合；进行底层、顶层和至少一个标准层梁、柱的配筋计算、并应满足抗震构造要求；裂缝宽度验算；选1个边柱和1个中柱基础，确定其尺寸，进行地基承载能力验算；基础配筋计算；采用PKPM进行计算；将某一种荷载作用下的电算结果打印出来后，对该种荷载作用下的电算结果与手算结果进行对比分析。参考建筑结构制图标准，绘制基础平面布置图、标准层结构布置图、屋顶结构布置图、一榀框架的模板配筋图。结构设计主要采用AUTOCAD、PKPM等软件作图。在设计中对迭代法应用OFFICE软件中的EXCEL进行重复迭代计算和绘图，EXCEL中的计算表格通过拍照功能转换成图片后粘贴到word文档里面形成计算书。同时，在内力组合和截面设计方面都借助了EXCEL表格的强大数据处理功能。本图书馆设计采用底部剪力法进行地震作用下的内力计算，底部剪力法适用于质量和刚度沿高度分布比较均匀、高度不超过40m、以剪切变形为主的结构，振动时有水平位移以基本振型为主且基本振型接近直线的特点。依据建筑设计，总高度超过了40m，但在结构设计阶段，为了计算方便，仍采用底部剪力法进行计算，计算结果会有一定误差，由于总高度仅仅只超过了2.6米，误差在允许范围内。施工设计：本图书馆的施工设计主要分为施工方案设计，工程量计算和工期计算，以及施工总平面图，施工进度计划网络图和施工进度计划横道图等方面的内容。设计主要参考建设工程工程量清单计价规范(GB50500-2008)、建筑工程施工质量验收统一标准(GB50300-2001)等方面的规范和标准。施工方案阶段设计主要考虑施工的顺序问题，必须结合实际工程，合理安排各施工过程的时间，科学合理的组织工人和机械，这就必须运用施工组织设计，利用流水施工作业，达到节省工程开销的目的。施工顺序依次遵循“先地下，后地上；先框架，后砌体；先结构，后装饰；最后做室外工程”的施工顺序，充分利用平面、空间和时间，组织立体交叉作业，为及早插入装饰和各专业施工创造条件，做到科学管理、均衡施工。本图书馆施工设计中施工方案的设计主要涉及测量定位放线、土方工程、模板工程、钢筋工程、混凝土工程、砌体工程、防水工程、水电安装工程、脚手架工程和装饰装修工程等。同时由于本图书馆主楼工期为330天，工期较长，需要考虑可能出现的特殊季节施工，如冬季施工和雨季施工。本图书馆施工设计出于简单方便的原则，在工程量计算和工期计算方面仅考虑主要项目，而忽略次要项目。最后，依据网络计划技术与工程进度管理一书对本图书馆施工进行进度计划设计，成果放在施工进度计划网络图和施工进度计划横道图里面。此外，对施工平面布置图进行手绘。本图书馆设计包括以下成果：1、 建筑设计施工图（共8张）。2、 结构设计计算书一份（共133页，不含目录摘要等内容）。3、 结构设计施工图（共3张）。4、 施工设计计算书一份（共87页，不含目录摘要等内容）。5、 施工设计平面布置图、网络进度计划图（共2张）。关键词：图书馆，建筑设计，结构设计，施工设计ABSTRACTThe topic of this design is a library of high-rise reinforced concrete frame structure.This library is located in the campus of a University in mid-southern area, mainly provides serves for the all the teachers and students in their teaching and studies, sometimes also is open to the relevant units. Founded between the teaching area and the students dormitory, where is an appropriate location, site wide, flat,and with a pond, hill, lawns surrounded, here the natural scenery is beautiful. This design points three parts in total: architectural design, structural design and construction design.Architectural DesignThis librarys design use fixed number of year is 50 years, and it is a 1 class high-level library, the level of fire resistance is 1. She is made up of a main building and a podium building,this building covers an area of 1611.75,and a total construction area of 11508.88.The main building has 10 floors on the ground, and 1 layer underground; This buildings height is 39.450m.There are about 6000 teachers and students who will use it, and it has a collection of 1 million books, 1000 seats for students to read. The podium building,with 2 floors on the ground and no layers underground, is used for office and hall.In the process of architectural design, it is designed mainly based on the commitments given, and strictly according to General Principles of The Civil Building Design, Code for Fire Protection Design of Tall Buildings (GB50045-95,2005 edition)the latest specification of design and so on. The design uses applicable, economical and beautiful for the principle. It is realized that the room area is proper, spatial relation is harmonious , and environment condition is good, at the same time,structure, constitution and construction are simple, reasonable and convenient. Key consideration in the design of the functions of the library is the space layout, and considering the structure of the fire, earthquake, etc. Main function zoning in the design of the library are books districts, reading area, catalogue room and circulation desk, information service center, editorial, binding to repair room, copy room, multi-function hall, hallway, readers rest area and toilet etc. Among them,for books districts,the design mainly considers library classification, the basic library layout plane position, stacks and shelf arrangement and the relationship between the height of shelf height and stacks. And the reading room are divided into the newspaper reading room, journal reading room, student reading room, teachers reading room and electronic reading room etc. Each design above needs to comply with the functional areas to participate in the activities of plane area and space size requirements basically. The design has to consider of dividing area of sound and clean partition and other such principle problems. This library also has to make barrier-free design, to make it convenient for disabled people to study in the library . The reading rooms of the library requires high daylighting, so this librarys design of windows sizes is very big.which guarantees the requirement of daylighting.The whole design adopts the software AUTOCAD for drawing. After many times of modification,I finally came out a architecture plan, which is focus on convenient and reasonable structure design, appearance simple but applicable.Structural DesignReasonable construction plan does good to this phase of the design.Engineering geological condition of this library is designed to: natural surface within 3m for filling, below is 2.5m thick sandy clay, and then is gravel layer. Sandy clay (characteristic value of subgrade bearing capacity is 280),and the foundation bearing capacity characteristics value of gavel layer is 330. Underground water level is 6m below the surface, no corrosive. Seismic fortification intensity is 7 degrees (first group). Site soilfor soil. Meteorological conditions as follows: throughout the year,the hottest months average temperature is 29.6, and it is 4.2for the coldest one; Summer extreme maximum temperature can arrives at 39.8, extreme minimum temperature in winter is - 9.5. The hottest months average relative humidity is 73%. Northwest wind throughout the year and for southeast wind in summer, the basic wind pressure is= 0.35. Basic snow pressure = 0.45and =1.0. Materials mainly use C45 concrete grade, grade HRB400 reinforced rebar and HPB300 level rebar for stirrup, the ground part use sintered porous brick wall, while inner wall use concrete small hollow block. This library uses the cast-in-situ reinforced concrete frame structure, and the secondary seismic fortification. The story height of the main building is 3.9m,and the main building is set with two elevators and two staircases.The top of the bases elevation is -4.800m (0.600m below the basement floor), the independent foundation below column embedded depth of 2.1 m, and the elevation of foundation bottom is -6.300 m. The total structural height is 42.600m. The dimensions of main beams are 400900,and that 300700 for all secondary beams;The vertical column space is 8.4m, lateral column spacing is 8.0m. In addition to the basement roof of reinforced concrete plate thickness is 160 mm, the rest of the floors thickness is 120mm; The frame columns are square columns with dimensions of 10001000.The horizontal force caused by seismic load and wind load are resisted by the framework structure,and the vertical load is passed on to the reinforced concrete independent foundations. This library refers the latest specification Concrete Structure Design Code (2010 edition) and other related to latest specification. Structure design process involves the following content: the structure of the load calculation, earthquake and wind load calculation and draw the assembly drawing. Using iterative method to carry on the internal force under the vertical load calculation; Using the D value method to work out the frame internal force under horizontal seismic action; Calculation of wind load under the action of internal force; Calculation of the displacements under earthquake and wind load separately. Respectively searching the effect of internal force of the most unfavorable combination considering earthquake action and not considering earthquake action;calculation of the reinforcement for beams and columns on the bottom and the top and at least one standard,and shall meet the requirements of earthquake-resistant structure; Crack width calculation; Choosing a side column and a center column foundation,to determine their sizes,and to check the foundation bearing capacity; Foundation reinforcement calculation; Using PKPM to calculate; Contrastive analysis for the computing results and hand calculated results under a certain kind of load by printing out the available results under the same load condition. Referring Structure Drawing Standards to draw basic layout, standard layer structure arrangement, roof structure layout,and the cross template reinforcement figure for a common framework . This structure design mainly adopts softwares such as AUTOCAD, PKPM, Explorer for mapping. During the design the function of EXCEL in OFFICE software is used for iterative method to make double counting and drawing,and the EXCEL computation sheets can be pasted into a word document by taking pictures function converts images.At the same time, in the aspect of internal force combination and cross section design the powerful data processing function of EXCEL spreadsheets is used.This library design uses the bottom shear method to calculate internal force under the action of earthquake.Here the bottom shear method is suitable for structures whose mass and stiffness along the height distribution is evener, height is not more than 40m, and deformation mainly in shear form.And such structures vibrate with horizontal displacement given priority to with basic modes and the characteristics of the basic mode close to linear. According to architectural design,the total height of this library is more than 40m, but in the structure design stage, for the convenience of calculating, the author still decide to use the bottom shear method to calculate internal force,which leads to some errors.However,considered the total height is not much high,these errors are allowed.Construction designThe library construction design is mainly divided into construction scheme design, calculation of quantities and schedule calculation, and construction plan construction schedule planning network diagram and construction schedule plan figure etc. This design mainly refers to Construction Project Quantities List Valuation Specification (GB50500-2008), the Architectural Engineering Construction Quality Acceptance Standard (GB50300-2001), and other aspects of the norms and standards. Construction design stage mainly considerate the construction sequence,which must be combined with the actual project.And it need reasonable arrangement of the construction process, scientific and reasonable organization workers and machinery, which must use the construction organization design, use flowing water construction, to achieve the purpose of saving engineering cost.Construction sequence should follow the underground first, after the ground; the framework first,after the masonry;structure first,after the decoration, and after finally do outdoor project construction sequence,make full use of the plane, space and time,organize stereo crossover operation,create conditions for early insert decoration and various professional construction, make scientific management and balanced construction. The construction plan design in this library construction design is mainly involved in measurement positioning pay-off,earthwork engineering,template engineering, reinforcing bar engineering,concrete engineering,mas