对比翻译第三章.doc

什么是翻译批评？中国翻译词典（184页，“翻译与批评”词条，1997年，湖北教育出版社）给了如下定义：“翻译批评即参照一定的标准，对翻译过程及其译作质量与价值进行全面的评价。”等值论要求着重从思想形象内容的等值转换着眼，从言语形式的等值转换着手，达到内容等值与形式等值的统一。在文学翻译中，则要求神似与形似的统一，要求作品艺术价值的等值与作品言语价值等值的统一。要求从神似着眼，从形式入手，在最大限度保存原文语言的言语特征的条件下，达到“神似与形似浑然一体”的境界。神似离不开形似，整个篇章的艺术价值的等值离不开作品言语价值的等值；同样，形似也离不开神似，作品言语价值的等值也需服从篇章的艺术等值的要求。等值论是内容形式的统一论，要求在内容与形式的统一中，在神似与形似的统一中，达到译作的等值转换。It may be safely assumed that, two thousand years ago, before Caesar set foot in southern Britain, the whole country-side visible from the windows of the room in which I write, was in what is called the state of nature. Except, it may be, by raising a few sepulchral mounds, such as those which still, here and there, break the flowing contours of the downs, mans hands had made no mark upon it; and the thin veil of vegetation which overspread the broad-backed heights and the shelving sides of the coombs was unaffected by his industry. The native grasses and weeds, the scattered patches of gorse, contended with one another for the possession of the scanty surface soil; they fought against the droughts of summer, the frosts of winter, and the furious gales which swept, with unbroken force, now from the Atlantic, and now from the North Sea, at all times of the year; they filled up, as they best might, the gaps made in their ranks by all sorts of underground and overground animal ravagers. One year with another, an average population, the floating balance of the unceasing struggle for existence among the indigenous plants, maintained itself. It is as little to be doubted, that an essentially similar state of nature prevailed, in this region, for many thousand years before the coming of Caesar; and there is no assignable reason for denying that it might continue to exist through an equally prolonged futurity, except for the intervention of man.赫胥黎独处一室之中,在英伦之南,背山而面野,槛外诸境,历历如在几下。乃悬想二千年前,当罗马大将恺彻未到时,此间有何景物。计惟有天造草昧,人功未施,其借征人境者,不过几处荒坟,散见坡陀起伏间,而灌木丛林,蒙茸山麓,未经删治如今日者, 则无疑也。怒生之草,交加之藤,势如争长相雄。各据一抔壤土,夏与畏日争,冬与严霜 争,四时之内,飘风怒吹,或西发西洋,或东起北海,旁午交扇,无时而息。上有鸟兽之践啄,下有蚁蝝之啮伤,憔悴孤虚,旋生旋灭,菀枯顷刻,莫可究详。是离离者亦各尽天 能,以自存种族而已。数亩之内,战事炽然。强者后亡,弱者先绝。年年岁岁,偏有留遗。 未知始自何年,更不知止于何代。苟人事不施于其间,则莽莽榛榛,长此互相吞并,混逐蔓延而已,而诘之者谁耶?梁山伯与祝英台 Butterfly Lovers （周总理 The Chinese Romeo and Juliet）Marlboro 万宝路 Seven-up 七喜公共告示老、弱、病、残、孕专座 Courtesy Seats残疾人厕所 deformed man toilet旅游景点介绍 这里三千奇峰拔地而起，形态各异，有的似玉柱神鞭，立地顶天；有的似铜墙铁壁，巍然屹立；有的似晃板垒卵，摇摇欲坠；有的似盆景古董，玲珑剔透神奇而又真实，迷离而又实在，不是艺术创造胜似艺术创造，令人叹为观止。3000 crags rise in various shapespillars, columns, walls, shaky egg stacks and potted landscapes-conjuring up unforgettably fantastic images. 广告产品“老城隍庙五香豆”流传至今颇受东南亚华侨之宠爱，生意兴隆，口碑载道，尝者百吃不厌，齿颊留香。 With a long history, “Old Town Temple Five-flavored Beans” have been admired by most overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia. As a result, the booming business has won universal praise. This kind of snack worthes tasting a hundred times. Once people taste the beans, they will be overwhelmed with admiration, with the fragrance lingering in the mouth. Execise1. 小国寡民。使有什佰之器而不用，使民重死而不远徙。虽有舟舆，无所乘之。虽有甲兵，无所陈之。使民复结绳而用之。甘其食，美其服，安其居，乐其俗。邻国相望，鸡犬之声相闻，民至老死不相往来。 老子：小国寡民2. 中华人民共和国第一届全国人民代表大会第一次会议，今天在我国首都北京举行。 中华人民共和国第一届全国人民代表大会第一次会议负有重大的任务。这次会议的任务是：制定宪法；制定几个重要法律；通过政府工作报告；选举新的国家领导工作人员。我们这次会议具有伟大的历史意义。这次会议是标志着我国人民从1949年建国以来的新胜利和新发展的里程碑。这次会议所制定的宪法将大大地促进我国的社会主义事业。我们的总任务是：团结全国人民，争取一切国际朋友的支援，为了建设一个伟大的社会主义国家而奋斗，为了保卫国际和平和发展人类进步事业而奋斗。3. The United States joins in welcoming to the United Nations the representatives of the Peoples Republic of China.Their presence here makes the United Nations more reflective of the world as it now exists and we hope that it will contribute to the organizations potential for harmonizing the actions of nation. The issues of principle that divided the General Assembly in recent weeks were deeply felt and hard fought. Those differences should not obscure the proposition on which nearly all of us, including the United States, agreed: that the moment in history has arrived for the Peoples Republic of China to be in the United Nations.The United States, whose people are linked by long ties of friendship with the great Chinese people, is confident that with renewed dedication the principles of the Charter we can move toward peace and justice in the world. We shall not cease to work here with all who share that hope and who wish to co-operate in its realization.1. A country shall be small and its population in small number. Implements that multiply mens strength shall not be used. People are to take death seriously and shall not travel far away. Even thought there be ships and carriages no one shall travel in them. Even though there be armors and weapons no one shall employ them. Let the people knots in ropes and use them instead of scripts. Make their food sweet and their garments beautiful. Neighboring countries may be within eyesight so that one can hear the cocks crow and the dogs bark on the other side. And yet shall people die at great age without having traveled hither and thither.2. Today, at Beijing, the capital of our country, is held the first session of the First NPC of the Peoples Republic of China.It is responsible for tasks of high importance.The tasks of this session are:To adopt the Constitution;To enact some important laws;To approve the report on the work of the government; andTo elect the new leading working personnel of the state.Our first session is of great historic significance. It is a milestone marking the new victories won and new advances made by our people since the founding of our public in 1949 and the Constitution