Unit15Wearetryingtosavethemanatees.doc

Unit 15 We are trying to save the manatees 目标认知 重点词汇： 1. furry毛皮的、毛皮制的 2. enormous 巨大的3. aggressive 侵犯的、挑衅的 4. gray 灰色的5. spotted有斑点的 6. discover 发现7. suitable 合适的、适宜的 8. disgusted厌恶的、厌烦的9. educate教育 10. urge强烈要求、竭力主张11. recycle 再循环、回收利用 12. stuff 原料、材料13. discard 丢弃、放弃 14. inspiration 灵感15. raise 凑款 16. expression表达、措辞17. planet行星 18. society 社会、社团重点词组及句型： 1. care for 关怀、照顾 2. pull down 摧毁、推翻3. be made of 由.制成 4. be like 像5. be endangered濒临灭绝的 6. try to do something 尽力做某事7. be against doing something 反对做某事 8. win an award获奖9. be suitable for somebody to do something 适合某人做某事10. raise some money for 为.捐款1. We are trying to save the manatees. 我们在尽力挽救海牛。2. I am like this animal because I am strong and intelligent. 我像这种动物，因为我强壮而且聪明。3. There used to be a lot of manatees. 过去有许多海牛。4. I have visited a lot of zoos in my life, and I have never seen one I liked or one that was suitable for animals to live in. 我一生中参观过许多动物园，我从未见过一个我喜欢的或者适合动物住的。5. They are like living textbooks for young people. 它们就像年轻人的活教科书。6. They provide homes for many endangered animals，and help to educate the public about caring for them. 他们为许多濒临灭绝的动物提供住所，并教育人们应该很好地照顾好它们。7. I urge all of your readers to visit our own wonderful zoo, soon. 我诚恳地要求你们所有的读者尽快来参观我们自己的精彩动物园。8. She lives in a house that she built herself out of trash. 她住在一个她自己用垃圾建造的房子里。9. The walls are made from old glass bottles that are glued together. 墙是用粘在一起的旧玻璃瓶做成的。10. Amy is an inspiration to us all. Amy是我们所有人的精神鼓舞。日常用语： 1. We are trying to save the manatees. 我们在尽力挽救海牛。2. I am like this animal because I am strong and intelligent. 我像这种动物，因为我强壮而且聪明。3. There used to be a lot of manatees. 过去有许多海牛。精讲巧练 1. We are trying to save the manatee. 我们在尽力挽救海牛。（1.）本句的时态是现在进行时，表示现阶段正在做的事情。现在进行时所表示的动作并不一定在说话 的时刻进行，而是在包括说话时刻在内的一段时间当中进行。 例如：My mother is writing a novel now. 我妈妈目前在写小说。（2.）动词短语try to do something的意思是“尽力做某事”，实际做与不做视情况而定；try doing something表示“试着做某事”，即动作真的进行了或者正在进行。 例如：He tried to read more, but it was too dark to read. 他想要多看会书，但是天太黑了以至于不能看了。随时练 【考例】They are trying _ the child but they fail at last.A. save B. to save C. saved D. saves【答案与解析】答案是B。动词try的后面用动词不定式表示“尽力做某事”的意思。从句子的意思“他们在尽力挽救那个男孩，但最后失败了”可以判断是用动词不定式。2. I am like this animal because I am strong and intelligent. 我像这种动物，因为我强壮而且聪明。（1.）句子的like是介词，它的意思是“像”，它和一些连系动词be，look和seem等连用构成动词短语 表示“长得像、看起来像、似乎好像”的意思。 例如：It looks like my cat. 它看起来像我的猫。（2.）like的前面可以用very, much，rather，quite等修饰表示“很像、非常像、相当像、十分 像”的意思。 例如：You look very much like your father. 你看上去非常像你的爸爸。随时练 【考例】The boy _ his mother, not only tall but also thin.A. likes B. like C. look like D. looks like【答案与解析】答案是D。本句子的like是介词，和连系动词look连用表示“长得像”的意思，主语是第三人称单数形式，所以连系动词用looks。3. There used to be a lot of manatees. 过去有许多海牛。句型there used to be是there be的中间加动词短语used to表示“过去曾经有而现在没有”的意思。There be的中间可以加will表示将来有；加情态动词may/can/must表示“可能有、一定有”的意思。例如：There used to be a tall building in front of our school. 在我们的学校前面曾经有一座大楼。随时练 【考例】There _ be an English party tomorrow. Would you like to go with me?A. can B. may C used to D. will【答案与解析】答案是D。本句子的时间状语是tomorrow表示一般将来时，所以用will表示“将来有”的意思。4. I have visited a lot of zoos in my life, and I have never seen one I liked or one that was suitable for animals to live in. 我一生中参观过许多动物园，我从未见过一个我喜欢的或者适合动物住的。（1.）连词and引导的是并列句，第一个句子是现在完成时I have visited a lot of zoos in my life；第二个句子中的动词seen后面用两个宾语one。第一个one有定语从句I liked 修饰，第二 个one有that引导的定语从句修饰。（2.）动词短语be suitable for somebody to do的意思是“适合某人做某事”，句子后面的to live in中的in不能省略。随时练 【考例】There is not enough space for everyone _.A. to stand on B. to stand C. standing on D. standing【答案与解析】答案是A。本句子是考查动词不定式的用法，for everyone to stand on中的介词on不能省略，因为它带有逻辑宾语，即前面的名词space，去掉on就成了stand a place，应该是stand on a place。5. They are like living textbooks for young people. 它们就像年轻人的活教科书。（1.）句子的living是现在分词作形容词用，它的意思是“活着的、使用中的”。 例如：She has no living relatives. 她没有活着的亲人了。（2.）living还可以作名词用，它的意思是“生计”。 例如：She earns a living as a writer. 她靠写作维持生计。随时练 【考例】They want to buy some _ fish to offer the guests.A. living B. lived C. died D. dying【答案与解析】答案是A。本句子是用形容词living修饰后面的名词fish表示“活着的鱼”，从句子的意思可以判断是用living。6. They provide homes for many endangered animals，and help to educate the public about caring for them. 他们为许多濒临灭绝的动物提供住所，并教育人们应该很好地照顾好它们。（1.）动词provide的意思是“提供、供应”，它可以构成动词短语provide something for somebody和provide somebody with something。 例如：They provide some drinking water for us. 他们为我们提供一些饮用水。 They provide us with some useful information. 他们为我们提供一些有用的信息。（2.）动词短语care for的意思是“喜欢、在意、照顾”。 例如：I dont really care for red wine. 我其实并不喜欢红葡萄酒。 Who can care for me when I am old？我老了谁来照顾我？随时练 【考例】Can you provide us _ some useful books?A. for B. with C. of D. on【答案与解析】答案是B。本句子是考查动词短语provide with的用法，provide somebody with something是“向某人提供某物”的意思。7. I urge all of your readers to visit our own wonderful zoo, soon. 我诚恳地要求你们所有的读者尽快来参观我们自己的精彩动物园。（1.）动词urge的意思是“强烈要求、竭力主张”，它可以构成动词短语urge somebody to do something。 例如：The boy urges his father to buy a new bike for him. 这个男孩强烈要求他爸爸给他买一辆新自行车。（2.）urge宾语adv./ prep.表示“强烈要求某人、某物怎么样”的意思。 例如：He urged the horse on with a whip. 他用鞭子策马前行。随时练 【考例】All of my students _ me not to give them too much homework.A. urge B. urges C. to urge D. urging【答案与解析】答案是A。本句子的主语是students，所以谓语动词用urge表示“强烈要求某人做某事”的意思。8. She lives in a house that she built herself out of trash. 她住在一个她自己用垃圾建造的房子里。（1.）a house that she built herself out of trash是定语从句，that是引导词，在定语从句中作 宾语，house是先行词。 例如：He was the man that fell into the river yesterday. 他就是那个昨天落入河中的人。（2.）herself是反身代词，用在名词或者代词的后面表示强调。 例如：I saw it myself. 我自己亲眼看到的。随时练 【考例】Do you know the man _ is speaking with your father？A. which B. what C. who D. where【答案与解析】答案是C。本句子是考查引导定语从句的关系代词的用法，本句子的先行词man是表示人，所以用关系代词who引导定语从句并在定语从句中作主语。9. The walls are made from old glass bottles that are glued together. 墙是用粘在一起的旧玻璃瓶做成的。（1.）句子的动词短语be made from的意思是“由.做成或制成的”，一般看不出来原料，但是如果原材料是可以看出来的，需用介词of表示。 例如：Paper is made from wood and grass. 纸是由木材和草做成的。（2.）be made out of的意思是“由.做成的”。 例如：The house are made out of used cans.这个房子是由用过的饮料瓶做成的。随时练 【考例】Look! Your desk is made _ wood.A. of B. from C. to D. by【答案与解析】答案是A。本句子是考查动词短语be made of的用法，它表示“某物是由.做成的”意思。用介词of表示原材料是可以看出来。各种时态和语态的用法 一、一般现在时一般现在时表示现在习惯性的动作或者存在的状态，也可以表示经常发生的动作或者存在的状态。它的基本结构是“主语动词原形句子的其他成分”，当句子的主语是第三人称单数的时候，谓语动词一般加s或者es。例如：They want to buy a new house.他们想买一所新房子。The earth moves around the sun. 地球围着太阳转。一般现在时的否定句是在动词的前面加助动词dont或者doesnt；一般疑问句是在句子的前面用助动词Do或者Does。例如：Do you speak English? 你说英语吗？Does your mother buy that bike? 你妈妈买那辆自行车了吗？They dont like apples. 他们不喜欢苹果。My brother doesnt like eating vegetables. 我的弟弟不喜欢吃蔬菜。二、现在进行时现在进行时表示说话人说话的时候正在发生或者进行的动作。它的基本结构是“主语be doing 其他成分”。例如：The boy is reading a story-book. 那个男孩正在看故事书。My mother is watching TV. 我的妈妈正在看电视。现在进行时的一般疑问句是把be提到句子的前面，并且首字母要大写。例如：Are you reading English? 你们正在读英语吗？现在进行时的否定句是在be的后面加not。例如：Your father isnt reading newspaper. 你的爸爸没在看报纸。三、现在完成时现在完成时表示一个动作已经完成，但它所产生的结果对目前仍然有影响；也可以表示一个动作从过去发生，但一直持续到现在。它的基本结构是“主语have(has) 动词的过去分词 其他成分”。例如：We have already finished our homework. 我们已经完成了我们的家庭作业。现在完成时的一般疑问句是把助动词have(has)提到句子的前面，并且首字母要大写。例如：Have you ever been to Beijing? 你曾经去过北京吗？现在完成时的否定句是在助动词have /has的后面加not。例如：They have not finished their work so far. 到目前为止，他们还没有完成工作。现在完成时的难点是非延续性动词如何转换为延续性动词。例如：His father has died for two years.（错误）His father has been dead for two years. （正确）他的爸爸已经死了两年了。How long have you bought that bike? （错误）How long have you had that bike?（正确）你买那辆自行车多长时间了？四、 被动语态被动语态是表示句子的主语不是后面动词所表示的动作的执行者，而是动作的承受者。它的基本结构是“主语be及物动词的过去分词其他成分”。例如：The blackboard is cleaned every day. 黑板每天被擦干净。被动语态与时态综合考查，主要考查一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、一般将来时和现在完成时的被动语态。它们的基本结构是：一般将来时Will doWill be done一般现在时do / doesam is are done一般过去时didwas were done现在进行时am/is/are doingam/is/are being done现在完成时have/has donehave/hasbeen done被动语态的主要考查重点是短语动词的被动语态和含有情态动词的被动语态。例如：My father is taken good care of by that nurse.我爸爸有那位护士照顾。All the test papers must be handed in after class.所有的试卷课下必须都交上。五、used to动词原形的用法used to动词原形表示过去曾经发生的动作或者存在的状态，它强调过去的习惯和状态，暗示现在不再是这样，它只能用于一般过去时。它的否定句是用didnt use to或者used not to。例如：I didnt use to get up early. 我过去不是常常起得很早。它的一般疑问句是把used提到句子前面或者在句子前面加did，并且首字母要大写。例如：Did you use to be late when you were a boy?在你是个小孩子的时候，是不是常常迟到？中考要点是：used to和be used to doing的区别。be used to doing表示“习惯于做某事”的意思。语法专练 1. The flowers should be _ once a day. A. water B. watering C. watered D. to water【答案与解析】答案是C。本句子是考查含有情态动词的被动语态的用法，从句子的意思理解是用动词的过去分词和be构成被动语态。学生很容易错误选择A和B。选择A的错误是认为情态动词的后面用动词原形。选择B的错误是认为be和现在分词连用构成现在进行时。2. My father used to _ a village teacher, so he is used to _ in the village now.A. is; live B. be; live C. be; living D. being; live【答案与解析】答案是C。本句子是考查短语used to和be used to的用法。used to动词原形表示过去曾经、常常做某事；be used todoing表示“习惯于做某事”。从本句子的意思理解是用C。学生很容易错误选择B和D。选择B的错误是认为to的后面都用动词原形。选择D的错误是把used to和be used to相混了。基础达标 . 仔细阅读对话，选择方框内的句子填空格，使对话意思连贯正确。A: How long have you been here?B: Id like to get a map of Beijing.C: Its a very beautiful city. D: Goodbye.E: Thank you. F: Thats all rightG: How much is it?Waiter:Can I help you, sir?Foreigner: Yes.1_Waiter:You can go to the Centre Hall. Theres a store there.Foreigner: Thanks. Your English is quite good.Waiter:2_ By the way, are you working here in Beijing?Foreigner: No, Im not. Ive come for the Olympics (奥运会).Waiter:Oh, so you are an athlete (运动员). Welcome to Beijing. What sport?Foreigner: Oh, no, no. Im no athlete. Im just a football fan (球迷).Waiter:Me too!3_Foreigner: Two weeks. Ive visited some places of interest.Waiter:What do you think of Beijing?Foreigner: 4_ .Green ground, blue sky and. Oh, I forgot. My friend is waiting for me there. I must go. Goodbye.Waiter:5_ Have a nice day. . 选择填空1. We should try _ best to save the manatee.A. us B. our C. ourselves D. your2. My sister has a small _ toy rabbit.A. furry B. fur C. enormous D. huge3. What an _ building it is! Are you working here?A. energetic B. small C. enormous D. aquatic 4. I have a _ little cat, he often takes my shoes as his room.A. played B. playfulC. player D. playing5. The little boy is very _, so he always makes a lot of trouble in our class.A. aggressive B. more aggressive C. aggressiving D. aggressivement6. My father is already fifty years old and his hair has turned _.A. black B. gray C. longer D. yellow7. There are many animals _ in our farm, such as dogs, sheep and so on.A. to feed B. feeding C. to be fed D. feed8. How often do you _ yourself? Once a month.A. weigh B. weighing C. to weigh D. weight9. The secret _ by your father last night.A. discovered B. discovering C. was discovered D. was discovering10. The river in front of our village _ by the factory.A. polluted B. was polluted C. pollution D. polluting. 根据句意，用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。1. Many children like some _ (fur) animals, such as rabbits and dogs.2. Your little dog is very _ (play), look! He is taking your shoes away.3. More and more computer games are very _ (aggression). Young children should stay away from them.4. The man _ (weigh) the meat and then gave it to me.5. The _ (pollute) water makes many people become ill in our village.6. The little boys should _ (educate) to know the danger of taking drugs.7. - Have you heard from your father _ (recent) ? - No, never.8. His sister is trying to lose some _ (weigh).9. We must stop the harmful gas from _ (pollute) the air.10. Your mother has got a good _ (educate).答案与解析： I1.。从对话的上下句子联系，特别是下面的回答可以判断本空是用表示“我要买一幅中国地图”的 意思。2.。对于别人的赞扬，回答要用Thank you。3.。从对话下面的回答可以判断本句子是问“你在这里多久了”。4.。本句子上面的情景是问“你认为北京怎么样”，所以本空用作评价。5.。本句子是表示告别，所以也用Goodbye。.1.。本句子是考查动词短语try ones best to do something的用法，表示“尽力做”的意思，用 形容词性的物主代词。2.。本句子是考查形容词furry, 表示“毛绒绒的”的意思。3.。本句子是用形容词enormous表示“巨大的、庞大的”意思。4.。本句子是用形容词playful修饰名词dog表示“我有一只顽皮的小狗”的意思。5.。本句子是用形容词在连系动词be的后面作表语，表示“好战、好斗”的意思。6.。本句子是用形容词作表语，从句子的意思理解是用形容词gray表示“头发变苍白”的意思。7.。本句子是考查动词不定式的被动语态，句子的主语和后面的动词是被动关系。8.。本句子是考查动词weigh的用法，本句子是一般现在时，在助动词do的后面用动词原形。9.。本句子的主语不能执行后面的动作，所以用被动语态。10.。本句子的主语不是后面动词所表示的动作的执行者，所以用被动语态。.1.furry。括号内所给的单词是名词，本句子要用形容词来修饰后面的名词。2.playful。括号内所给的单词是动词，本句子要用形容词来作表语，play的形容词是playful。3.aggressive。括号内所给的单词是名词，本句子要用形容词来作表语。aggression的形容词是 aggressive。4.weighed。本句子是考查weigh作动词的用法，从后面的动词gave可以判断是一般过去时。5.polluted。本句子是用形容词来修饰后面的名词，pollute是动词，它的形容词是polluted。6.be educated。本句子是考查含有情态动词的被动语态的用法，它表示“应该被教育”的意思。7.recently。本句子是用副词修饰动词，它的意思是“最近”。8.weight。本句子是考查动词短语lose weight的用法，它的意思是“减肥”。9.polluting。本句子是考查动词短语stop sb. from doing的用法，它的意思是“阻止某人做某事”。10.education。本句子用名词education表示“受到良好的教育”。能力提升 . 单项选择1. My jacket has _ color _ yours, but mine is bigger than yours.A. the same, as B. same, as C. different, from D. the same, to 2. Wang Mei _ her mother because she is beautiful and intelligent.A. look .B liked C. is like D. look like3. The teacher _ to Li Lei,“You _ English very well.”A. say, speak B. talk, say C. speak, talk D. said, speak4. President Bush _ a visit _ China last month.A. pay, in B. paid, to C. gave, in D. paid, for5. There will not be enough space to _ the earth in the future.A. live on B. live in C. live on in D. live in on6. At last, Lucy made the baby _ and the baby began to laugh.A. stop crying B. to stop crying C. stop to say D. to stop to cry7. Do you _ a cat _ a pet at home?A. have, as B. keep, for C. keep, as D. Both A and C8. The president _ all people _ our environment.A. urge, protect B. urged, to protect C. urges, protect D. urged, protect9. I feel that the zoo _ a clean and safe place _ animals.A. provide, for B. gives, for C. provides, for D. provides, to10I think the environment is really important. _, I like _ my bike.A. Beside, riding B. Besides, riding C. Except, to ride D. Except, riding. 完形填空A boy who was cleaning shoes in the street said to a young man1, “Let me clean 2shoes.” The young man said, “No, thank you.” “You may 3me only a pound, sir.” said the boy. But the young man refused4. Then the boy told him that he would clean his shoes for5 The young man agreed to this, and soon one of his shoes was shining brightly. The man put6shoe on the boy, but the boy refused to clean it 7he was paid two pounds for his work. The young man refused to pay anything and went8. But the dirty one looked so9 that he couldnt walk away. He had to 10 back and gave the boy two pounds. In a very short time his shoes shone brightly.( ) 1. A. passing by B. passed by C. went by D.going by( ) 2. A. hisB. yourC. myD. her( ) 3. A. cost B. pay C. takeD. spend( ) 4. A. againB. moreC. too D. also( ) 5. A. more B. muchC. nothing D. anything( ) 6. A. otherB. another C. othersD. the other( ) 7. A. unless B. ifC. until D. after( ) 8 A. out B. awayC. off D. up( ) 9. A. good B. niceC. wellD. bad( ) 10. A. write B. turnC. openD. close. 阅读理解Strange things happen to time when you travel because the earth is divided into twenty-four zones（时区），one hour apart（一个时区相差一个小时）You can have days with more or fewer than twenty-four hours，and weeks with more or fewer than seven days.If you make a five-day trip across the Atlantic Ocean（大西洋），your ship enters a different time zone every dayAs you enter each zone，the time changes one hourTraveling west，you set your clock back，traveling east，you set it aheadEach day of your trip has either twenty-five or twenty-three hours.If you travel by ship across the Pacific Ocean（太平洋），you cross the International Date Line（国际日期变更线）By agreement，this is the point where a new day beginsWhen you cross the line，you change your calendar one full day，backward or forwardTraveling east today becomes yesterdayTraveling west，it is tomorrow.根据短文内容选择最佳答案。1Strange things happen to time when you travel because _.Ano