补充阅读 Wine in Australia

Wine in AustraliaWine has been made in Australia since the early years of European settlement, so the wine-making tradition is almost two hundred years old. While New South Wales, Victoria, and Tasmania all produce excellent wines, South Australia produces more than any of the other states and has vineyards which produce some of the most famous wines in the world.Wine-making is a European rather than a British tradition. The German settlers who came to the Barossa Valley in South Australia 160 years ago brought with them vines which they planted. Today wine is made from grapes that grow on vines that are over 1 00 years old.Wine-making is now a major industry in South Australia, with several regions producing top quality wines that are in high demand in Asian and other markets.Australian wine makers are regarded as leaders in their field and are invited to teach people all over the world how to make wine. The University of Adelaide has several university courses which are based on the wine industry-everything from Oenology, the science of wine-making, to Management and Marketing.It has been discovered that wine, especially red wine, is beneficial for health. It reduces the possibility of heart disease. The King of Thailand drinks two glasses of wine every day.As globalization touches every part of the world and economic development produces more wealth, people are beginning to drink wine with their food. Just as Chinese food is now known and eaten all over the world, so Western food which has wine as an accompaniment is growing in popularity. But wine can be drunk with any cuisine, Western and Eastern, and will enhance the food.Dining with WineThe tradition of drinking wine with meals goes back over two thousand years in Western history. The Greeks and the Romans both celebrated wine-making and drinking and even had gods of wine”. While wine with food was most popular with people who lived near the Mediterranean Sea, wealthy people throughout Europe drank wine. Poor people drank beer.In the last twenty years, drinking wine with meals has become popular. Almost everyone will drink a glass or two if they dine in a restaurant and increasingly people will drink wine when they eat at home.There are hundreds of varieties of wines, but they all fall into these categories, sparkling wines such as champagne, white wine, such as Chardonnay and Riesling, red wine such as Shiraz and Cabernet Sauvignon and fortified wines such as sherry and port.In a Western dinner, while wines are generally drunk with fish and white meat such as chicken, and red wine with red meat such as beef or duck. Sweet white wines such as sauternes may be drunk with dessert, while brandy or port might accompany a cup of coffee.Of course, not everyone follows the rules of wine and food. Some people prefer red wine and do not drink white at all. Others drink white wine even with beef or duck.In Western meals only one dish is served at a time. Usually there is a light appetizer, there is a light appetizer, perhaps soup or prawns, then a main dish which might be fish or meat, followed by dessert such as ice cream or fruit. The wines are selected for each dish.Australia is a multicultural, multilingual country. Many of the people who are of Greek, Italian, French, and German origin have brought their cuisine with them, and today all Australians benefit. Wine has a special place in the wide variety of food that they enjoy, and is rapidly becoming one of Australias exports. Australia is even exporting wine to France!Questions on the text:1. How long has the wine-making histo