09职称英语理工类概括大意模拟试题.doc

09职称英语理工类概括大意模拟试题Successful Language Learners Some people seem to have a knack for learning languages. They can pick up new vocabulary, master rules or grammar, and learn to write in the new language more quickly than others. They do not seem to be any more intelligent than others, so what makes language learning so much easier for them? Perhaps if we take a close look at these successful language learners, we may discover a few of the techniques which make language learning easier for them. First of all, successful language learners are independent learners. They do not depend on the book or the teacher; they discover their own way to learn the language. Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain, they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves. They are good guessers who look for clues and form their own conclusions. When they guess wrong, they guess again. They try to learn from mistakes. Successful language learning is active learning. Therefore, successful learners do not wait for a chance to use the language; they look for such a chance. They find people who speak the language and they ask these people to correct them when they make a mistake. They will try anything to communicate. They are not afraid to repeat what they hear or to say strange things; they are willing to make mistakes and try again. When communication is difficult, they can accept information that is inexact or incomplete. It is more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every word. Finally, successful language learners are learners with a purpose. They want to learn the language because they are interested in the language and the people who speak it. It is necessary for them to learn the language in order to communicate with these people and to learn from them. They find it easy to practice using the language regularly because they want to learn with it. What kind of language learner are you? If you are a successful language learner, you have probably been learning independently, actively, and purposefully. On the other hand, if your language learning has been less than successful, you might as well try some of the techniques outlined above. 1. Paragraph 1_ 2. Paragraph 2_ 3. Paragraph 3_ 4. Paragraph 4_ A. Ways to Learn a Language Successfully B. Learning a language Purposefully C. Learning a Language Actively D. Learning a Language Independently E. Learning from Mistakes F. Learning to Think in the Target Language 5. Successful language learners derive conclusions_ 6. Independent Language learners rely on themselves_ 7. Active language learners seize every opportunity_ 8. The author wrote this text_ A. to discover sentence patterns and grammatical rules B. to expand vocabulary C. to use the target language D. to encourage unsuccessful language learners to learn independently, actively and purposefully E. from clues F. to say strange things答案： 1.A 2.D 3.C 4.B 5.E 6.A 7.C 8.DCar CrimeA million motorists leave their cars filled up with petrol and with the keys in the ignition every day. The cars are sitting in petrol stations while drivers pay for their fuel. The Automobile Association(A.A) has discovered that cars are left unattended for an average three minutes and sometimes longer as drivers buy drinks , sweets, cigarettes and other consumer items .With payment of credit cards becoming more and more common, it is not unusual for a driver to be out of his car for as long as six minutes, providing the car theft with a golden opportunity.For more than ten years there has been a big rise in car crime than in most other types of crime. An average of more than two cars a minute are broken into or stolen in the UK. Car crime accounts for almost a third of all reported offenses with no signs that the trend is slowing down. Although there are highly professional criminal involved in car theft, almost 90 percent of car theft is committed by the opportunists. Amateur thieves are aided by our own carelessness. The A.A. recommends locking up whenever you leave the car and for however short a period. A partially open sunroof or window is a further come-on to thieves.There are many other traps to avoid .The A.A. has fond little awareness among drivers about safe parking. Most motorists questioned made no efforts to avoid parking in quiet spots -just the places thieves love. The A.A. advises drives to park in places with people around -thieves dont like audiences. 练习1 Paragraph 2 _.2 Paragraph 3 _.3 Paragraph 4 _.A) Safe parkingB) Increase in car theftC) Opportunities for non-professionalsD) Anti-theft organizations4 Most car thefts should be blamed on_.5 In the past decade there has been a big _.6 Most of the car thefts are found to be committed by_.7 A piece of advice for drivers is that they should _.A) the carelessness of the driversB) increase in the number of cars stolenC) non-professional thievesD) lack of parking spaceE) lark their cars in safe place 答案: 1.B 2.C 3.A 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.EAmongst the most popular books being written today are those which are usually classified as science fiction. Hundreds of titles are published every year and are read by all kinds of people. Furthermore, some of the most successful films of recent years have been based on science fiction stories.It is often thought that science fiction is a fairly new development in literature, but its ancestors can be found in books written hundreds of years ago. These books were often concerned with the presentation of some form of ideal society, a theme which is still often found in modern stories. Most of the classics of science fiction, however, have been written within the last hundred years. Books by writers such as Jules Verne and H.G. Wells, to mention just two well-known authors, have been translated into many languages. Modern science fiction writers dont write about men from Mars or space adventure stories. They are more interested in predicting the results of technical developments on society and the human mind; or in imagining future worlds which are a reflection of the world which we live in now. Because of this their writing has obvious political undertones. In an age where science fact frequently overtakes science fiction, the writers may find it difficult to keep ahead of scientific advances. Those who are sufficiently clear-sighted to see the way we are going, however, may provide a valuable lesson on how to deal with the problems which society will inevitably face as it tries to master its new technology.转自学易网 1. Paragraph 1_2. Paragraph 2_3. Paragraph 3_4. Paragraph 4_转自学易网 A. Popularity of Science FictionB. A Fairly New DevelopmentC. Classics of Science FictionD. Difficulty in Keeping ahead of Scientific AdventureE. Its OriginF. Themes of Modern Science Fiction5. Some form of ideal society is _6.Books written by J. Verne are_7.People enjoy_8.Works of modern science fiction have_A) a recurrent themeB) concerned with the problems that we have to solve in the futureC) reading books of science fictionD) political implicationsE) a current themeF) read worldwide答案： 1.A 2.E 3.C 4.F 5.A 6.F 7.C 8.D Alaska In 1858 Americans welcomed Alaska into the Union as the 49th state, symbolizing a change of attitude that hold in 1867, when the peninsula was purchased from Russia. Then, most Americans had little interest in 1,500,000 square kilometers of icebergs and polar bear-beyond Canadas western borders, far from the settled areas of the United States. In those sections of the state which lie above the Arctic Circle, Alaska still is a land of icebergs and polar bear. Ice buried in the earth, which is permanently frozen to a depth of 90 or more meters, From early May until early August, the midnight sun never sets on this flat, treeless region, but the sun cannot melt the icy soil more than two-thirds of a meter down. Alaska is Americas largest state, but only about 325,000 people live there. According to estimates, 800,000 hectares of its land area are fit for plowing but only about 640,000 hectares are being cultivated. Arctic Alaska has been the home of Eskimos for countless centuries. It is believed that the Eskimos moved there from Mongolia or Siberia, probably crossing Bering Strait, named for Vitus Bering, the Danish sea captain who discovered Alaska on his voyage for Russia in 1741. The Eskimos are the states earliest known inhabitants. Russian fur traders established settlements but, by the time Alaska was sold to the United States, most of the traders had departed. In 1896 gold was discovered near the Klondike River in Canada just across the Alaskan border. Thousand of Americans rushed to the region on their way to Klondike; some never returned. Alaska was never completely cut off again, although even today transportation is a major problem. There are only two motor routes from the U.S mainland, and within the state, every town has its own airfield. Planes fly passengers, mail and freight to the most distant villages. The gold that changed life so suddenly for Alaska was soon ended, and although many stories about mining camps have become part of American literature, the gold from Alaskan earth contributed less to economic progress than the fish from Alaska waters. The fish caught in a single year range in value from $80 million to $ 90 million. Fur-bearing animals are plentiful in the forests and streams, and valuable fur seals inhabit the waters. After fishing, the states chief industry is lumber and the production of wood pulp. In recent years, Alaskas single most important resource has become oil. The state also has large deposits of coal, copper, gold and other minerals. 1. Paragraph 3_ 2. Paragraph 4_ 3. Paragraph 5_ 4. Paragraph 6_ A) Rich resources of the state B) Connections with the outside world C) Transportation problem D) The natives of the land E) Cold climate F) Land and population 5. For as long as three months of a year, the sun _ on the ice-covered land of Alaska. 6. According to statistics, _ of the total area of Alaska has been used for farming. 7. Alaska was originally part of Russia, but was bought _. 8. Gold did not bring to Alaska as much wealth_ A. as fish does B. because of its rich natural resources C. by the United States in the 19th century D. shines day and night E. only a very small percentage F. a limited amount of the gold found there.答案：1.F 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.E 7.C 8.A Recreation and Sports All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy is a popular saying in the United States. Other countries have similar sayings. It is true that all of us need recreation. We cannot work all the time if we are going to maintain good health and enjoy life. Good physical and mental health in fact enables us to work more efficiently.Everyone has his own way of relaxing .Perhaps the most popular way is to participate in sports. There are team sports, such as baseball, basketball, and football. There are individual sports, also, such as golf and swimming. In addition, hiking, fishing, siding and mountain climbing have a great attraction for people who like to be outdoors. Chess, card-playing , and dancing are forms of indoor recreation enjoyed by many people.Not everyone who enjoys sporting events likes to participate in them. Many people prefer to be spectators, either by attending the games in person, watching them on television, or listening to them on the radio. When there is an important baseball game or boxing match, it is almost impossible to get tickets; everyone wants to attend.It doesnt matter whether we play a fast game of ping-pong, concentrate over the bridge table, or go walking through the woods on a brisk autumn afternoon. It is important for everyone to relax from time to time and enjoy some form of recreation. 转自学易网 转自学易网 练习：1 Paragraph 2_.2 Paragraph3_.3 Paragraph4_.转自学易网 A) The important of having recreationB) The recreation centers C) Type of sports D) Fun of being spectators4 To keep fit and enjoy life , all of us must have_.5 Participating in door sports or outdoor sports is a good way_.6 Many people prefer watching games to_.7 It is generally believed that those who work all the time and do not know how to relax_.转自学易网 A) must be very boringB) some kind of recreationC) participating in themD) to relax oneselfE) to choose ones own way of relaxing转自学易网 答案:1.C 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.D 6.C 7.A Work and CareersSometimes we say that someone we know is a square peg in a round hole(1). This simply means that the person we are talking about is not suited for the job he is doing. He may be a bookkeeper who really wants to be an actor or a mechanic who likes cooking. Unfortunately, many people in the world are square pegs; they are not doing the kind of work they should be doing, for one reason or another. As a result they probably are not doing a very good job and certainly they are not happy.Choosing the right career is very important. Most of us spend a great part of our lives at our jobs. For that reason we should try to find out what our talents are and how we can use them. We can do this through aptitude test, interview with specialists, and study of books in our field of interest.There are many careers open to each of us. Perhaps we like science. Then we might prepare ourselves to be chemists, physicists, or biologists. Maybe our interests take us into the business world and such work as accounting, personnel management or public relations. Many persons find their place in government service. Teaching, newspaper work, medicine, engineering-these and many other fields offer fascinating careers to persons with talent and training. 转自学易网 转自学易网 练习：1. Paragraph 1_.2. Paragraph 2_.3. Paragraph 3_.A) Job choices for the talentedB) Importance of finding the right jobC) Result of taking the wrong jobD) Variety of jobs open to all转自学易网 4. A person who is not doing the right job cannot expect to _.5. To find the job most suitable for yourself, you should first of all _.6. There are actually various kinds of jobs we all can _.7. There are numerous ways to find out _.A) spend more time in schoolB) what job suit you bestC) choose from D) do it well and feel comfortable in itE) find out what your talents are转自学易网 答案:1.C 2.B 3.D 4.D 5.E 6.C 7.BSchools and Education Life in the twentieth century demands preparation. Today, all individuals in a country must have adequate schooling to prepare them for their work as well as for their responsibilities as citizens. With this in mind, national leaders everywhere are placing more emphasis on the education of the young. In the United States, government officials, parents, and teachers are working hard to give their children - tomorrows decision makers - the best preparation available. There is no national school policy in the United States. Each of the fifty states makes its own rules and regulations for its school, but there are many similarities among the fifty school systems. Public schools in all states are supported by taxes paid by the citizens of the individual state. In most states the children are required to attend school until they reach the age of sixteen. When they become six years old, children begin elementary school. After six years in elementary school, they go into junior high school and remain there for three years. The last three years of their public school education are spent in senior high school, from which they graduate at the age of eighteen.转自学易网 A great number of high school graduates continue their education in one of the many colleges or universities in the country. After four years, they receive a bachelors degree. Some continue studying for a masters degree and perhaps a doctors degree. 练习： 1. Paragraph 1 _ 2. Paragraph 2 _ 3. Paragraph 3 _ 转自学易网 A. Family education in the United States B. Primary and secondary schooling C. The importance of education D. The similar school system throughout the US4. Education is being _ 5. In most states children, before they are 16, must _. 6. Public schools are financed by _. 7. After one finishes secondary school, he may or may not _. 转自学易网 A. go on to study in colleges or universities B. emphasized today C. the taxes paid by the citizens of each state D. to go abroad to do further study E. attend school 答案： 1.C 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.E 6.C 7.ARadio and TelevisionThere are few homes in Britain today that do not have either a radio or television set. Both of them have become an essential part of our life, keeping us informed of the news of the day, instructing us in many field of interest, and entertaining us with singing, dancing and acting.Marconi, the Italian inventor who gave us the radio, probably didnt realize what effects his great inv