2012届高考英语一轮常用结构汇总复习讲义(一).doc

2012届高考英语一轮常用结构汇总复习讲义（一）1： cant help doing sth. 禁不住做某事，不由得不做某事 She couldnt hep smiling. 相关归纳： (1) cant help but do 不得不；不能不 When the streets are full of melting snow, you cant help but get your shoes wet. (2) cannot but 不能不，只能He could not but feel disappointed.(3)help (sb.) (to) do sth. Help me get him back to bed at once. By helping them we are helping save ourselves.(4) help.with sth. 帮助做某事 In those days he used to help her mother with her gardening. (5) help oneself / sb. to sth. 给自己 / 别人夹菜 / 拿烟等；擅自拿用 May I help you to some more vegetables?(6)help out 帮忙 (做事；克服困难等) Ive often helped Bob out when hes been a bit short of money.2：take ones place(1) 入座，站好位置，取得地位Take your places, please. We are about to start.(2) take ones place = take the place of sb. 代替(职务或工作等)；接替Electric trains have now taken the place of steam trains in England.相关归纳： (1) in place of代替；而不用The grown-ups had coffee but the children wanted milk in place of coffee.（2）take ones seat 在自己座位上坐下；等于 take ones placeMore men entered and took their seats.take place 发生；举行Great changes have taken place in our country since liberation.Their wedding will take place next Friday.in place 在原处；适合的，恰当的He likes everything in place before he starts work.His behavior at the meeting is in place.(5)out of place 不在原处；不适合的，不恰当的3：1. The reason why he could not go there was that his grades were too low. 他没能上电影学院是因为他的分数太低了。该句中的why引导一个定语从句，而that引导表语从句。句中that引导的表语从句说明主语reason的具体内容注意以下三种结构：The reason is / was that clause. 当主语是reason / cause时，一般不能用because或why引导表语从句，以免造成语意重复。The reason why/for which(也可以省去) he was late was that he got up late. 他迟到的原因是他起床晚了。当主语是This / That时，可以由because / why引导表语从句。He got up late . That was why he was late for class.He was late for class. That was because He got up late.(2)why在句中是关系副词，引导定语从句，修饰先行词reason，同时它在定语从句中作状语，此时why = for which，但要注意：关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，要用关系代词that或which。The reason why/for which(也可以省去) he was late was that he got up late. 他迟到的原因是他起床晚了。The reason that/which/(也可以省去) he gave you was reasonable.他给你的理由是合理的。强化练习1. - I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.- Is that _ you had a few days off? A. why B. when C. what D. where变式1. Is this the reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained变式2. The reason _he failed to pass the exam was _ he never studied hard. A. why what B. because that C. why that D. why because 变式3. Is this the reason _ he was punished? Which of the following is wrong? A. why B. for which C. 不填 D. that解析：1.句子的意思是“那就是你请了几天假的原因吗?”因此可知答案为why。答案：A变式1. what，how不能引导定语从句，排除B、C两项；the reason在定语从句中作explained的宾语，可填that / which，或者也可以省略。答案：A 变式2. 该题考查The reason why从句 be that 从句。答案：C 变式3. the reason后接定语从句，并且定语从句主谓宾完整时。可用三种结构引导定语从句：the reason + why/for which/ 不填。该题就符合这样的结构所以答案为D 2. He left the place, _ never to return. A. determined B. to determine C. being determined D. having determined 变式1. sand , the basket is heavy to carry. A. Being filled with B. Being full of C. Filling with D. Full of 解析：1.该句意思是“他离开了这个地方，决心以后再也不回来了” 。用determined（adj.）表示离开时候的状态。英语中常用形容词表示状态。选项中的D 是表示动作的所以答案为A. 变式1. 该题是考查原因状语的。Being+ adj. 可以用来表示原因。但是如果一个形容词是由动词的分词转变而来的，在表示原因时一定不能加being。所以该题的正确答案可以是Being full of或Filled with . 3. Many people watched the _ TV broadcast of football matches. A. live B. alive C. living D .lively 变式1. They caught the thief _ when he tried to run away. A. live B. alive C. living D .lively变式2. The football match will be broadcast _ on Friday.A. live B. alive C. living D .lively变式3.Who is the greatest writer in the world_?A. live B. alive C. living D .lively解析：3.该题考查live；alive；living；lively的区别。live 做现场直播这一意思时不仅可以用作形容词也可以用作副词。该题考查的是live 的形容词词性。答案：A变式1. alive作后置定语：Whos the greatest man alive? 作表语：Was the snake alive or dead? / My grandmother is more alive than a lot of young people. 作补语：Lets keep the fish alive。所以答案为B变式2. . live 做现场直播这一意思时不仅可以用作形容词也可以用作副词。该题考查的是live 的副词词性。答案：A变式3. 见变式2。答案：B4. He has _ mad because of his sons sudden death. A. become B. got C. gone D. turned变式1. He _ teacher right after he graduated in 1998. A. become B. got C. gone D. turned变式2. The man on the stage has _ 40 .A. become B. got C. gone D. turned解析：1. 考查go +adj. 用法，侧重表示变成不好的状态。答案：B 变式1. 四个选项中能接名名词做表语，并且名词前不能带冠词的只有turn.答案：D变式2. 固定表示方法，说某个人跨入多少岁要用“turn”答案：D5. This is the factory _ he worked three years.A. whereB. whichC. whenD. that变式1. This is the factory _ he will visit next week.A. whereB. asC. whenD. that变式2.There were dirty marks on her trousers _ she had wiped her hands.A. whereB. whichC. whenD. that变式3.I want to find a room _ to store my books.A. where B. which C. in which D. for which变式4. The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success.A. of whichB. during whichC. from whichD. in which 解析：5. 关系副词where引导定语从句，修饰the factory，并在定语从句中作地点状语。答案：A变式1. 由于定语从句缺宾语所以应该填关系代词，that引导了定语从句又在从句中做了宾语。答案：D变式2. 关系副词where引导定语从句，修饰trousers，并在定语从句中作地点状语。全句意思为：在她擦手的裤子上留下了污迹。答案：A变式3. 该题考查的是“prep. + which+ 不定式”放在名词后作定语的结构，由于该结构不是定语从句所以prep. + which不可以替换为where。答案：C变式4.介词+关系代词” 引导的定语从句是定语从句中的重点、难点。选择该结构中的介词的原则是：（1）根据从句中的谓语动词的搭配习惯;（2）根据先行词的搭配习惯;（3）表“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，用of。本题表示“在剧中表演”，应用介词in，故选D。6. Unless _to speak，you should remain silent at the conference. A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited变式1. Generally speaking, _ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. A. when taking B. when takenC. when to take D. when to be taken解析：6. unless为连词，后面省略了you are，所以选invited。答案：A变式1. take和drug是动宾关系，要用过去分词作状语。可看作是when it is taken的省略。答案：B自测试题1There are so many kinds of goods in the store _ that I dont know what to buyA. to choose B. to be chosen from C. choosing D. choosing from 2. . Will you go to the museum tomorrow? -I will if I _ no visitors. A. have B. will have C. shall have D. am having3.I _ a single word in the past three days. A. havent be