WCF面向服务应用程序系列之十二：托管(Hosting)-基础知识.doc

WCF面向服务应用程序系列之十二：托管(Hosting)-基础知识 在前面的一些章节中，我们根据DEMO来演示WCF的相关特性，其中我们一直在用WCF服务端，然而WCF服务类不能凭空存在。每个WCF服务都必须进行托管（Hosting）在Windows进程中，该进程被称为宿主进程（Host Process）。 宿主进程与WCF服务的关系：单个宿主进程可以托管多个服务，而相同的服务类型也能够托管在多个宿主进程中。 WCF的托管的环境有很多种，下面介绍一些常用的托管环境：IIS托管：在IIS中托管服务。优势为宿主进程可以在客户端提交第一次请求的时候自动启动，还可以借助IIS管理宿主进程的生命周期。缺点为只能使用HTTP协议，如果是IIS5还要受端口限制，要求所有服务必须使用相同的端口号。Web站点的配置文件(web.config)必须列出需要公开为服务的类型，类型使用类型全称，如果服务类型来自于一个没有被引用的程序集，则还要包括程序集名，配置如下： . 自托管：Self-Hosting，由开发者提供和管理宿主进程的生命周期。自托管进程可以是控制台应用程序、Windows应用程序、Windows服务等，进程必须在客户端调用服务之前运行。自托管支持通信的协议包括：HTTP、TCP、IPC、MSMQ。 自托管宿主进程必须在运行时显示地注册服务类型，同时为客户端的调用打开宿主，因此才要求宿主进程必须在客户端调用到达之前运行。创建宿主进程的方法通常是在Main() 方法中调用ServiceHost类。ServiceHost类的定义如下：ICommunicationObject代码 / Summary: / Defines the contract for the basic state machine for all communication-oriented / objects in the system, including channels, the channel managers, factories, / listeners, and dispatchers, and service hosts. public interface ICommunicationObject / Summary: / Gets the current state of the communication-oriented object. / / Returns: / The value of the System.ServiceModel.CommunicationState of the object. CommunicationState State get; / Summary: / Occurs when the communication object completes its transition from the closing / state into the closed state. event EventHandler Closed; / / Summary: / Occurs when the communication object first enters the closing state. event EventHandler Closing; / / Summary: / Occurs when the communication object first enters the faulted state. event EventHandler Faulted; / / Summary: / Occurs when the communication object completes its transition from the opening / state into the opened state. event EventHandler Opened; / / Summary: / Occurs when the communication object first enters the opening state. event EventHandler Opening; / Summary: / Causes a communication object to transition immediately from its current / state into the closed state. void Abort(); / / Summary: / Begins an asynchronous operation to close a communication object. / / Parameters: / callback: / The System.AsyncCallback delegate that receives notification of the completion / of the asynchronous close operation. / / state: / An object, specified by the application, that contains state information / associated with the asynchronous close operation. / / Returns: / The System.IAsyncResult that references the asynchronous close operation. / / Exceptions: / System.ServiceModel.CommunicationObjectFaultedException: / System.ServiceModel.ICommunicationObject.BeginClose() was called on an object / in the System.ServiceModel.CommunicationState.Faulted state. / / System.TimeoutException: / The default timeout elapsed before the System.ServiceModel.ICommunicationObject / was able to close gracefully. IAsyncResult BeginClose(AsyncCallback callback, object state); / / Summary: / Begins an asynchronous operation to close a communication object with a specified / timeout. / / Parameters: / timeout: / The System.Timespan that specifies how long the send operation has to complete / before timing out. / / callback: / The System.AsyncCallback delegate that receives notification of the completion / of the asynchronous close operation. / / state: / An object, specified by the application, that contains state information / associated with the asynchronous close operation. / / Returns: / The System.IAsyncResult that references the asynchronous close operation. / / Exceptions: / System.ServiceModel.CommunicationObjectFaultedException: / System.ServiceModel.ICommunicationObject.BeginClose() was called on an object / in the System.ServiceModel.CommunicationState.Faulted state. / / System.TimeoutException: / The specified timeout elapsed before the System.ServiceModel.ICommunicationObject / was able to close gracefully. IAsyncResult BeginClose(TimeSpan timeout, AsyncCallback callback, object state); / / Summary: / Begins an asynchronous operation to open a communication object. / / Parameters: / callback: / The System.AsyncCallback delegate that receives notification of the completion / of the asynchronous open operation. / / state: / An object, specified by the application, that contains state information / associated with the asynchronous open operation. / / Returns: / The System.IAsyncResult that references the asynchronous open operation. / / Exceptions: / System.ServiceModel.CommunicationException: / The System.ServiceModel.ICommunicationObject was unable to be opened and / has entered the System.ServiceModel.CommunicationState.Faulted state. / / System.TimeoutException: / The default open timeout elapsed before the System.ServiceModel.ICommunicationObject / was able to enter the System.ServiceModel.CommunicationState.Opened state / and has entered the System.ServiceModel.CommunicationState.Faulted state. IAsyncResult BeginOpen(AsyncCallback callback, object state); / / Summary: / Begins an asynchronous operation to open a communication object within a / specified interval of time. / / Parameters: / timeout: / The System.Timespan that specifies how long the send operation has to complete / before timing out. / / callback: / The System.AsyncCallback delegate that receives notification of the completion / of the asynchronous open operation. / / state: / An object, specified by the application, that contains state information / associated with the asynchronous open operation. / / Returns: / The System.IAsyncResult that references the asynchronous open operation. / / Exceptions: / System.ServiceModel.CommunicationException: / The System.ServiceModel.ICommunicationObject was unable to be opened and / has entered the System.ServiceModel.CommunicationState.Faulted state. / / System.TimeoutException: / The specified timeout elapsed before the System.ServiceModel.ICommunicationObject / was able to enter the System.ServiceModel.CommunicationState.Opened state / and has entered the System.ServiceModel.CommunicationState.Faulted state. IAsyncResult BeginOpen(TimeSpan timeout, AsyncCallback callback, object state); / / Summary: / Causes a communication object to transition from its current state into the / closed state. / / Exceptions: / System.ServiceModel.CommunicationObjectFaultedException: / System.ServiceModel.ICommunicationObject.Close() was called on an object / in the System.ServiceModel.CommunicationState.Faulted state. / / System.TimeoutException: / The default close timeout elapsed before the System.ServiceModel.ICommunicationObject / was able to close gracefully. void Close(); / / Summary: / Causes a communication object to transition from its current state into the / closed state. / / Parameters: / timeout: / The System.Timespan that specifies how long the send operation has to complete / before timing out. / / Exceptions: / System.ServiceModel.CommunicationObjectFaultedException: / System.ServiceModel.ICommunicationObject.Close() was called on an object / in the System.ServiceModel.CommunicationState.Faulted state. / / System.TimeoutException: / The timeout elapsed before the System.ServiceModel.ICommunicationObject was / able to close gracefully. void Close(TimeSpan timeout); / / Summary: / Completes an asynchronous operation to close a communication object. / / Parameters: / result: / The System.IAsyncResult that is returned by a call to the System.ServiceModel.ICommunicationObject.BeginClose() / method. / / Exceptions: / System.ServiceModel.CommunicationObjectFaultedException: / System.ServiceModel.ICommunicationObject.BeginClose() was called on an object / in the System.ServiceModel.CommunicationState.Faulted state. / / System.TimeoutException: / The timeout elapsed before the System.ServiceModel.ICommunicationObject was / able to close gracefully. void EndClose(IAsyncResult result); / / Summary: / Completes an asynchronous operation to open a communication object. / / Parameters: / result: / The System.IAsyncResult that is returned by a call to the System.ServiceModel.ICommunicationObject.BeginOpen() / method. / / Exceptions: / System.ServiceModel.CommunicationException: / The System.ServiceModel.ICommunicationObject was unable to be opened and / has entered the System.ServiceModel.CommunicationState.Faulted state. / / System.TimeoutException: / The timeout elapsed before the System.ServiceModel.ICommunicationObject was / able to enter the System.ServiceModel.CommunicationState.Opened state and / has entered the System.ServiceModel.CommunicationState.Faulted state. void EndOpen(IAsyncResult result); / / Summary: / Causes a communication object to transition from the created state into the / opened state. / / Exceptions: / System.ServiceModel.CommunicationException: / The System.ServiceModel.ICommunicationObject was unable to be opened and / has entered the System.ServiceModel.CommunicationState.Faulted state. / / System.TimeoutException: / The default open timeout elapsed before the System.ServiceModel.ICommunicationObject / was able to enter the System.ServiceModel.CommunicationState.Opened state / and has entered the System.ServiceModel.CommunicationState.Faulted state. void Open(); / / Summary: / Causes a communication object to transition from the created state into the / opened state within a specified interval of time. / / Parameters: / timeout: / The System.Timespan that specifies how long the send operation has to complete / before timing out. / / Exceptions: / System.ServiceModel.CommunicationException: / The System.ServiceModel.ICommunicationObject was unable to be opened and / has entered the System.ServiceModel.CommunicationState.Faulted state. / / System.TimeoutException: / The specified timeout elapsed before the System.ServiceModel.ICommunicationObject / was able to enter the System.ServiceModel.CommunicationState.Opened state / and has entered the System.ServiceModel.CommunicationState.Faulted state. void Open(TimeSpan timeout); CommunicationObject 代码 / Summary: / Provides a common base implementation for the basic state machine common / to all communication-oriented objects in the system, includi