时态综合再编(2014下期).doc

时态综合（一）时态的定义：谓语动词用来表示动作发生或状态存在时间的各种形式称为时态。（二）时态的分类及形式：一般现在时：do /does 现在完成时：has / have done现在进行时：am / is / are / doing 过去完成时：had done一般过去时：did 将来完成时：will / shall have done过去进行时：was / were doing 现在完成进行时：have / has been doing一般将来时： will / shall do 过去完成进行时：had been doing过去将来时：would / should do1、 一般现在时 (主动形式_ 被动形式_ )1. 构成：（第三人称单数）(当主语是第三人称单数或不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数)1）一般情况下，动词词尾加-s. help_; swim_; enjoy_; leave_2）以字母 s，x， o，ch或 sh 结尾的动词加-es . teach_; guess_ 3）以辅音字母 + y 结尾的动词，变 y 为 i ，再加 -es. fly_ study_ have _ be _ do _2. 用法：1）表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态，或现阶段的习惯性动作。句子中常有频度副词：_, _, _, _, _, 或时间状语every day等.There is a big tree in front of our classroom. Look! The mountain top is covered with snow. The students _(have) sports every morning. Our village _ (be) very quiet in the evening. 2) 表示真理、客观事实，谚语或自然现象等。 此时，如果在含宾语从句的复合句中，尽管主句用过去时态，但宾语从句谓语动词仍用一般现在时。a. The sun _ (rise) in the east and sets in the west. b. When I was a schoolboy, my teacher told me that light _ (travel) faster than sound.c. From that experiment we knew that oil _ (float) above water.3) 表示按照时刻表安排好了的、将要做的事前。His ship _ (leave) at 9：00 a.m. He still has some time to buy some snack.Our plane _ (take) off at 8 tomorrow morning. 4) 在含时间 (when, as, as soon as, immediately, the moment等)、条件 (if, unless, once等)、让步(though, although, even though / if等)、方式(as if / though)状语从句的复合句中，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来的动作 (主将从现)。时间状从：I shall give the letter to him as soon as / the moment he _ (come) back.条件状从： Once he _ (start), he will never give up. 让步状从：Though it _ (be) difficult, I will work it out this evening.a. When you _ (ask) our English teacher for some help, you will find him very patient.b. I shant lend the book to you unless you _ (return) it to me this Saturday. c. Even though she _ (be) not friendly to me, I will not hate her.(注意主句隐含的将来时间）a. Give me a phone call if you _ (see) him tomorrow.b. A student on duty is supposed to clean the blackboard before a class _ (begin).c. Do you have any questions to ask us if you _ (give) this job?Youd better wait here until he _ back.A. will come B. comes C. came D. come5) 表示主语具有什么特性，通常用一般现在时态，且不用于被动语态。This kind of cloth _ (wash) well. My new pen _ (write) fluently.2、 一般过去时 (主动形式_ 被动式_ )1.构成：1）在动词原形后加 -ed.清辅音后读t，浊辅音和元音后读d，在 t，d 之后读d. 如：ask_; call_; play_; plant_; need_2) 动词以 e 结尾的加 d，读音同上。 如：hope_; arrive_; waste_ 3）以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加 -ed，读音同上。 如：stop_; beg_; plan_; permit_ 4）以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词，改 y 为 i，再加 ed，读d.如：carry_; try_; cry_ 请记住一些常见的不规则动词过去式和过去分词。如：fly_, _ 2. 用法：1）表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态，这时，句子常有一个明显的过去时间，如：a few minutes ago, yesterday, last Sunday, the other day, in the past, in 1970, before单独使用、及由连词when引导的时间状从句。 She _(come) to see me a few days ago. He _ (be) here just now. 2）表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常与副词 often, always等连用。另外，used to + V.（原形），would + V. (原形)也可表示过去经常、反复发生的动作。When I was a boy, I often _ (go) to play in that park. Before his death, he would _ (sit) at the gate of the park every day, begging.The people in our village _ (use) to be poor, but now they have become rich.3) 主句用过去将来时，状语从句中表示将来的动作通常用一般过去时。I promised that I would help him when I _ (be) free.I would stay here waiting before you _ (come) back.三、现在进行时 1. 构成：(主动形式_ 被动形式 _ )2. 动词-ing形式的构成：1）一般地，在动词后面直接加-ing. 例如：do_；meet_; sing_; watch_; think_2) 以辅音字母加e结尾的动词，通常去掉e，再加上-ing形式。如：type_; write_; use_; observe_; reduce_3) 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，要双写这个辅音字母，然后再加-ing形式。如：hit_ set_ begin_ sit_ let_ dig _ 4) 以字母y结尾的动词，直接在后面加-ing形式，如：try_ fly_ stay_5) 以ie结尾的动词，通常要把ie变成y，再加-ing.如：tie_ die_ lie_3. 用法：1）表示此时此刻_的动作。Listen! Whos singing? Dont make any noise. We _ (have) a meeting.Look! They _ a game. Lets go and join them in it.A. played B. are playing C. are being played D. were played2) 表示目前这段时间内_的动作（尽管此时此刻该动作也许并没有进行）。Im making a plan for our school these days. Im learning playing the piano at present. What are you doing this week? I_（translate）a novel. Maybe Ill finish it this weekend. 3). 现在进行时常与副词_连用，使得整个句子带上了诸如赞扬、不满、讨厌、遗憾等感情色彩。 The girl is always smiling happily. Shes constantly changing her mind. 比较：As she has to send her son to school, she always comes to work late.She is always coming to work late. You should have a talk with her.He always plays music in the office, which helps him release his pressure.He is always playing music in the office, which disturb us a lot.You _ the same mistake. I will not give you one more chance.A. are going to make B. are always making C. had made D. will make4) 用现在进行时可以表示_过程(表示发展、变化的趋势)。Its getting cold. The leaves on the tree are turning brown. -Hows your mother now after the operation? -Her health _. Thank you.A. improves B. will improve C. improved D. is improving5) 现在进行时可以表示不久的将来就要做某事，或按照计划或打算将要做某事。这时，谓语动词必须是表示_的词语。如take off, come, go, leave for, travel等。 Im going off to Guangzhou this weekend. Im going now. Do you have something to bring to your family?- Whats your plan for your summer vacation?- I _ to Beijing and if weather _, Ill stay there for more than a week.A. am traveling; permits B. traveled; permits C. am traveling; will permit D. traveled; is permitting 四、过去进行时1. 构成：(主动形式_ 被动式_ )2. 用法：表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内_的动作。这一特定的时间可以用过去时间状语来表示，也可由上下文来暗示。常见的时间状语有：the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last night, at this time last night, at ten oclock last night等。-What were you doing at this time last night? A: I heard you were watching TV at 8 last night.-Oh, I was doing my homework. B: Youre right.Tom: Has the teacher assigned homework?Lily: Yes, you _ with your mobile phone, so you dont know the homework.A. are playing B. were playing C. played D. Play五、一般将来时: (主动形式：_ 被动形式：_ )1. 构成：shall / will + V.（原形），第一人称可以用_或_,其它各种人称都用_.2. 用法：表示将来会发生动作或存在的状态。常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow, next week, in a few days, in the near future, etc. 注意：will或shall可以表示_要做某事。He _ (be) back in a few days. Where _we meet tomorrow?-Do you know where Mr. Smith lives? -We need a person to help us with the job.-Of course. I _ (lead) you to his house. I _ (be) very glad to help youAlice: Youve left the light on.Lily: Oh, I have. _ and turn it off.A. Ill go B. Ive gone C. I go D. Im going3. 表示一般将来时的另几种形式：1）be going to + V. 口语，“打算”、“计划”、“准备”做某事等意思，或表示很有可能要发生的事情。 He is going to attend a meeting tonight. I _(我打算先做家庭作业) first and then watch TV. be going to do sth.还可以用于there be句式中，表示“_”。There is going to be a film this evening in our school. Will you go to it?I hear that _ (会有一场舞会) in the hall this evening.-What good news do you want to tell me, Mr. Li?-_ an English corner on Friday evening.A. There is B. There is going to be C. It is D. It will havebe going to do sth.还可以表示有某种迹象将会发生某事Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain. Be careful. You _ (hit) the glass.Listen to the wind! There _ a storm.A. was to be B. will be C. is going to be D. is going to have2）一般现在时，用来表示按照时刻表或计划已经安排好了的事情。3）现在进行时，表示不久就要发生的动作，或按计划即将发生的动作，多与表示位置移动的词语连用，如：come, go, arrive, take off, leave, start, etc. (略)4)）be + to do 表示按照计划进行或征求对方意见或表示命令。用在条件句中表示“想、想要”。“You are to stand here.” The headmaster ordered the naughty student. “Then, _ (我们在公园的门口碰头吧).” Tom said to me. If you _ (improve) your health, youll have to begin to do some sports from now on.5) be about to do sth.表示即将/就要发生的动作，不可和表示将来的一段时间状语连用。The class is about to begin. _ (火车就要出发了start)4. 在if引导的条件状语从句中，一般不用will表示将要进行的动作。这时我们可以换用其它的几种表示将来的形式。 Dont go there at this time. If it rains, you will get very wet.If you _ (make) some progress in your English study, youll have to study hard.In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _ .A. have survived B. are to survive C. would survive D. will survive1. Do you know when Tom _ from abroad? Perhaps it will be a long time before he _.A. will come; will come B. comes; will comeC. will come; comes D. comes; comes2. Do you like the new pen?Yes，it _ very well.A. is written B. is writing C. writes D. wrote3. However hard you _，you will never succeed in pleasing her.A. try B. will try C. should try D. would try4. Can I help you, sir?Yes，I bought this radio yesterday，but it _.A. didnt work B. wont work C. couldnt work D. doesnt work5. I dont think Jim saw me，he _ into space.A. just stared B. was just staring C. has just stared D. had just stared6. You have left the windows open on this rainy day.Oh，so I have._ and turn them off.A. Ill go B. Ive gone C.I go D. Im going7. Who _ to school earliest in your class every morning? A. comes B. come C. will come D. is coming8. Im sure I _ her four years ago. A. have seen B. saw C. had seen D. will see9. An unexpected heavy rain caused severe flooding, and the water _ all the time. A. rose B. raised C. was rising D. was raising10. _ that dress when he first saw you in the street? A. Are you wearing B. Did you wear C. Have you worn D. Were you wearing11. She _ when I go to see her. A. is always working B. was always working C. always worked D. has always worked12. I dont work here; I _ until a new secretary arrives. A. am just helping out B. just help out C. have just helped out D. will just help out13. I first met Lisa three years ago. She _ at a radio shop at that time. A. has worked B. was working C. had been working D. had worked14. Lily _ a book about China last month but I dont know whether she has finished it. A. wrote B. had written C. is writing D. was writing15. It is said that a new robot _by him in a few days.A. designedB. has been designed C. will be designedD. had been designed16. She will stop showing off if no notice_ of her.A. is takenB. takesC. will be takenD. has taken17. “Have you moved into the new flat?” “Not yet. The room _.”A. has been paintedB. is paintedC. paintsD. is being painted18. Ill have to push the car to the side of the road because we _if we leave it here.A. would be finedB. will be fined C. will being finedD. will have been fined19. It _ Jane and Mary who helped me the other day.A. isB. wasC. areD. were20. I was about to give him a phone call when I _ him walking towards me. A. see B. saw C. have seen D. had seen21. He does not possess (拥有) a bicycle, and this one he uses _to Peter.A. is belonged toB. belongedC. belongsD. is belonging22. There _ an English evening party next Saturday.A. is going to beB. will have C. is to haveD. is going to have23. I saw that he _ at seven oclock last night.A. still workedB. is still working C. was still workingD. had been working24. Hurry up, or the tickets _out by the time we get there.A. will have soldB. will sellC. have soldD. will have been sold25. “When did you go to work?” “As soon as they came, we _ to work.”A. went B. were going C. had gone D. go六、过去将来时 (必须以过去时间为起点)1. 构成：_ 第一人称用_或 would，其他人称用_.被动形式: _2. 用法：1) 表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用在宾语从句中。. I was sure he would not make such a foolish mistake again.I doubted whether they _ (take) on me this time.2）was / were going to do sth.表示过去“_，(但因故被阻止或受到妨碍)”,表达未完成的意愿。 I was going to see Mr. Li tomorrow, but the appointment has been canceled (取消). I _ (leave) for Shanghai on Dec. 12th , but the plane delayed (耽搁) me.Alice, Why didnt you come yesterday?I _ , but I had an unexpected visitor.A. had B. would C. was going to D. did3) 主句用过去将来时，时间、条件、方式等状语从句中表示将要进行的事情要用一般过去时。I would let you know the truth as soon as you _(arrive).He said he was going to the Great Wall if it _ (not rain) the next day.4）过去将来时也可用下列结构来表示： was / were going to do sth. was / were to do sth. was / were about to do sth. was / were doing sth. He said that they were to leave at six. He called me to say the meeting was about to begin. I didnt know when they were leaving for Beijing.七、 现在完成时1. 构成：_ 被动式：_2. 用法：1）表示动作在说话之前已经完成，但对现在有影响，即强调_对现在造成的影响或结果。比较：Since you _ (finish) all your homework, you can go to play with Lily now. I _ (finish) all my homework and I went to play with Lily.The window is dirty.I know. It _ (not wash) for weeks.2)表示从过去某时开始_到现在的动作和状态。这时,谓语动词通常是_,且句中常有表示_的时间状语，如：for two days , so far, until now (用于句首), up to now, by now, in the past/ last five years, since +一过去时间，since从句， before(单独使用), etc.I have lived here for more than 10 years and Im very glad that I have such good neighbors as you.I _ (remember) more than 4000 English words in the past two years.3) 用在某些固定句型中，如:It is the first time that sb. has done sth. _It has been . since .It is the first time that I _ (make) such a foolish mistake.It _ (be) a long time since I last saw you._，如：come, go, arrive, buy, lend, borrow, die, marry, join, etc. 用于现在完成时，不能和表示_ 的时间状语搭配。判断：1、I have joined the Students Union for three months. 把瞬间动词改为_的词语，句子用_。I have been in the Students Union for three months.改用表_的时间状语，句子用_。I _ the Students Union three months ago.2、 I have borrowed the book for two weeks and I must return it to the library today. I have kept the book for two weeks and I must return it to the library. I _ the book two weeks ago and I must return it to the library.3) 现在完成时还可表示_动作。Why need I read the text another time? I _ (read) it three times.My brother is an actor. He_ (appear) in several films so far.八、过去完成时1. 构成：_ 被动式：_2. 用法：过去完成时，简单地说就是“_”，即表示_就已经开始的动作或存在的状态。常见的时间状语有by the end of last month, by then, by nine oclock last night，以及before引导的从句.有时要根据上下文来判断。We _ (earn) more than 10, 000 dollars by the end of last month.He kept looking at her, wondering whether he _ (see) her somewhere before.1) 可以表示该动作或状态从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到另一过去时间，常与_动词连用，并常和表示一段时间或起迄的时间状语连用，如for two years, by the end of last Sunday, when引导的时间状语从句。 I left Beijing in 1995. I _ (stay) there for three years by then.The boy told his mother that he _ (be) ill since he got to the university.2) 以过去时间为起点，表示_的希望、打算或意图等。常与hope, intend, mean, expect, think, want, suppose, etc. 连用。这时通常翻译成：_He _ (think) he would not be late for the meeting. I _(intend) to ask the head-teacher for help before I turned to you3)句型hardly/scarcely had sb. done sth. when 和no sooner had sb done sth. . than都是“刚.就.”的意思。We had hardly left the house when it began to rain. (倒装句)We had no sooner been seated than the teacher came in. (倒装句)九、现在完成进行时 1. 构成：have / has been doing sth.2. 用法：1）表示动作从过去某一时间开始，_到现在，该动作可能刚刚停止，也可能继续进行下去，常与延续性动词连用，并带有表示动作起迄的时间状语，如 since last week，ever since, all the morning等及由 since 引导的从句。也可带有表示一段时间的时间状语。We have been working on it for several hours but we havent yet reached any conclusion.比较：I have taught in this school for 12 years. ( ) I have been teaching in this school for 12 years. ( )Have a rest, Amy. You have _ on the piano all the morning.A. have been practising B. will be practising C. have practised D. had