人教版必修三Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars Grammar学案.docx

unit 4 astronomy- the science of the stars grammar学案noun clauses as the subject一、课前预习单【学习目标】1.掌握名词性从句的含义及分类。2掌握主语从句的含义及用法。【预习指导】主语从句在复合句中作句子的主语。引导主语从句的词有：从属连词: that, whether, if；连接代词: who, whoever, whom, what, whatever, whose, which；连接副词: when, where, how, why等。【基础训练】观察下列例句，指出其中所包含的主语从句及引导词:1. what is needed for a long trip is careful preparation.该句中主语从句是 _，引导词为 _。2. that jay zhou will come to my city excites everybody.该句中主语从句是 _，引导词为_。3. whether we will travel abroad or not has not been decided.句中主语从句是 _，引导词为_。4. whoever knows the secret mustnt tell others.该句中主语从句是_，引导词为_。5. it remains a puzzle why dinosaurs died out suddenly long time ago.该句中主语从句是_，引导词为_。通过预习存在那些问题（要标注出来）二、课中探究单任务1、预习单中发现的问题（小组讨论）【观察总结】通过分析上面例句，同学们可能会发现上面第5句中的主语从句似乎比较隐蔽。其实，这也是主语从句的一种呈现方式，即：当一个句子主语过长时，可以用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语或主语从句后移至句子末尾，以保持句子的平衡。注意观察下列例句中的划线部分：it is not clear how the accident happened.it is not hard to understand why he did so at that time.it is a pity that you should have made such a careless mistake.it is reported that more than thirty deaths were caused in the accident.不难看出，虽然上面例句中都用it作形式主语，但句子结构却不尽相同。现将常见的由it作形式主语的句型总结如下：1. it be + n. + that从句2. it be + adj. + that从句，常见此类形容词有：important, necessary, clear, certain, natural, strange, obvious, likely, impossible, possible等。3. it+不及物动词+that从句it seems / appears . that . 似乎it happened (to sb.) that . （某人）碰巧4. it + be + v-ed + 主语从句it is said / reported / believed / suggested / known / proved that .三、达标检测单1. what与that引导主语从句观察下列例句，试着翻译例句并总结其规律。(1) what you lack is self-confidence. 译为：_(2) that more and more students are admitted into universities is true.译为：_(3) what is needed for the program is more wisdom. 译为：_从上面例句可以看出，that引导主语从句时，在句中具有“两不”原则：一、不作句子成分；二、没有实际意义。当它引导的主语从句置于句首时，that不能省略；如果用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，that可以省略。而what引导的从句则恰恰相反，what在从句中的作用为：一、作句子成分；二、除了起到引导从句的作用外还要承担具体的意义。【巩固练习】 用what或that填空。(1) _ he told us this morning was just a lie.(2) _ is important to us is enough time.(3) it worries my mom _ she is beginning to get a little fat.(4) _ we cant get seems better than _ we have.2. whether与if引导主语从句whether与if引导主语从句位于句中有时可换用。但在下列情况下用whether不用if：(1) 主语从句位于句首时；(2) 从句后有or或紧跟or not时。【巩固练习】 用whether或if填空。(1) it doesnt matter _ he will come or not.(2) _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.(3) it was doubtful _ tom really saw sharon.(4) _ tom really saw sharon was doubtful.3. 其它引导词连接代词who, which, whom, whose有各自的具体意义，起连接作用，同时在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等；whoever, whatever, whichever在意义上更为强调，常译为“无论”；连接副词when, where, why, how等也有各自的意义，起连接作用，并在从句中作状语。单项选择题 ( )1._ we have achieved is attributed to the guidance of our parents. a. whoever b. whatever c. however d. that ( )2. _ you say now cant make up for what youve done. a. no matter b. whatever c. however d. that ( )3.i am sure that _ she said is wrong. a. which b. all c. this d. what ( )4. we lost our way in the forest, and _ made matters worse was that it was getting dark. a. that b. which c. it d. what ( )5. _ occurred to him that he had forgotten to lock the door when he left home. a. this b. it c. that d. these ( )6. _ or not is still uncertain. a. hes coming b. if he is coming c. that coming d. whether hes coming ( )7.it is _ that the bridge has existed for more than three centuries . a. appeared b. risen c. said d. born ( )8._ he saw both surprised and frightened him. a. that b. when c. what d. which ( )9. _ is a pity that he should feel so upset. a. what b. that c. he d. it 参考答案what is needed for a long trip whatthat jay zhou will come to my city thatwhether we will travel abroad or not whetherwhoever knows th