北师大版必修三unit 8 adventure language points学案.docx

.核心必记单词1major adj.较重要的；较严重的；n.专业majority n大多数，多半2. differ vi.不同于，有区别difference n不同之处different adj.不同的3. anxious adj.忧虑的，担心的anxiously adv.忧虑地，焦虑地anxiety n焦虑，不安4exactly adv.确切地，精确地exact adj.确切的，精确的5excitement n兴奋，激动excited adj.感到激动的，兴奋的exciting adj.令人兴奋的6various adj.各种各样的，不同的variety n多样，种类vary vi.变化7. amaze vt.使惊愕(惊奇)amazed adj.惊愕的，吃惊的amazing adj.令人惊异的amazement n吃惊，惊愕8wealthy adj.富有的，富裕的wealth n富有；财富9goal n目的；目标10hopeless adj.没有希望的11distant adj.远处的；久远的distance n远处；久远；距离12function vi.运转；发挥作用13. patience n耐心；忍耐力patient adj.耐心的；n.病人patiently adv.耐心地14observe vt.观察，观测observation n观察15disadvantage n不利，不利条件advantage(反) n有利条件，长处16limit n边界；限度limited adj.有限的.阅读识记单词17adventure n奇遇，冒险的经历18tiring adj.令人疲劳的tired adj.疲倦的，厌倦的tire vt.使疲倦；使疲劳19extra adj.特别的；额外的20optional adj.可选择的，非强制的21organisation n团体，组织，机构organise/organize vt.组织；筹备；安排；管理22uncomfortable adj.不舒服的，不自在的comfortable(反) adj.舒服的comfort n& vt.安慰23accommodation n住所，住处accommodate vt.容纳24maximum adj.最大的，最多的25extreme adj.极度的，极端的extremely adv.非常，极其；极端地26similarity n相似性，类似性similar adj.相似的similarly adv.类似地27risk vt.冒的危险28equipment n设备，配备equip vt.装备，配备29dull adj.枯燥无味的；暗淡的；迟钝的30preference n较喜欢的东西，偏爱prefer v更喜欢31goods n商品，物品32confuse vt.使困惑confused adj.感到困惑的confusing adj.令人迷惑的33dictation n口述；听写34statement n陈述state vt.陈述，表达35quantity n量，数量36preparation n准备，预备prepare vt.准备；预备prepared adj.准备好的37shock n& vt.震惊，惊骇38ambition n志向，抱负39cheerful adj.愉快的，高兴的40transport n& vt.运输，运送语境活用用所给词的正确形式填空1because of the confusion(confuse)，merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated without human operation.(2017天津)2as far as i know，the language ability is extremely(extreme) important，which helps you communicate with others.3thats exactly(exact) what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country.(2017北京)4wealth made him live a comfortable(comfort) life.5we wont start the work until all the preparations(prepare) have been made.6however wealthy(wealth) we may be，we can never find enough hours in the day to do everything we want.7i work with volunteers for wildlife，a rescue and education organisation(organise) at bailey arboretum in locust valley.(2017全国)8she gave me a comforting smile，and nodded while listening patiently(patient)(2016全国)9the mother was filled with anxiety(anxious) about her daughters health.10make sure that as you go from interview to interview，you are getting a variety(various) of answers.(2017浙江)11the audience was impressed by his amazing(amaze) performance.12a computer analysis blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks，ranking them by similarity(similar)1“使惊讶，震惊”的动词荟萃amaze，astonish，shock，surprise2数量“quantity”有多少(1)couple一对(2)dozen十二个(3)score二十(4)million百万(5)billion十亿3今儿个真“高兴”(1)cheerful 令人愉快的(2)delighted 高兴的；欣喜的(3)excited兴奋的(4)glad 高兴的；乐意的(5)happy幸福的，高兴的(6)joyful 愉快的，高兴的(7)pleased 高兴的4负面“情绪”真多(1)anxiety n焦虑(2)depression n沮丧 (3)sadness n悲伤(4)grief n悲伤(5)sorrow n悲伤1take off起飞2right now就在此刻3in order to do sth.目的是，以便4upside down颠倒地，倒置地5turn up出现，到场；把(声音)调大6back out决定不履行(允诺的事)7get across使理解(某事)8in turn轮流，依次9break out(坏事)突然发生，爆发10o prison把关进监狱11stand by坚持(某种说法)；支持；袖手旁观12on ones way在途中13break down(机器等)损坏；(身体)出毛病，垮掉14run out of用完，耗尽15carry on继续做某事；进行或从事某事语境活用选用上述黑体短语的正确形式填空1he stood by his promises and returned the book to me on time.2as the plane was ready to take off，all the passengers fastened their seat belts.3he broke down and wept when he heard the bad news.4it took a long time to get across to the workers the way the system worked.5the student table tennis team of our school is looking for new members right now.(2017全国)6i hate it when she calls me at workim always too busy to carry on a conversation with her.(2016天津)7was it in 1939 that the second world war broke out?8everything in the house was turned upside down for the lost diamond ring.1含有now的短语集锦(1)right now就在此刻(2)up to now到目前为止(3)from now on从今往后(4)(every) now and then/again时而，有时(5)for now目前，暂时2“动词out”短语聚会(1)back out决定不履行(允诺的事)(2)break out(坏事)突然发生，爆发(3)carry out实施；执行(4)cut out删去；剪去(5)drop out退出(6)leave out忽略；遗漏(7)let out放出1which引导的非限制性定语从句and our porters carry your luggage，which means that you can simply enjoy the experience.我们的搬运工会帮你搬运行李，这就意味着你能尽情地享受旅行。句式仿写他们热衷于在业余时间里在他们的花园里种菜，花园就在他们的房顶上。(2017全国)in their spare time，they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden，which is on the rooftop of their house.2too.to.太而不能although people enjoyed reading his book，many of them thought that marcos stories about china were too fantastic to be true.虽然人们喜欢读他的书，但是有许多人认为马可写的关于中国的故事太离奇而不可信。句式仿写活到老学到老。it is never too late to learn.3have sb./sth.doing.让某人一直做/让某事(物)处于某种状态he had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis.他让一群狗一直拉着雪橇而他的所有队员都在滑雪板上。句式仿写在约翰成长的过程中，他的父母总是让他在花园里除草。(2016天津) when john was growing up，his parents always had him weeding the garden.4have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难the next to go was captain oates，who was having great difficulty walking.接下来离开的是奥茨上校，他走路有很大的困难。句式仿写她很难保持注意力集中。(2016北京)she had more difficulty (in) keeping focused.5before引导时间状语从句goods were traded from market to market passing through many hands before they reached their final destinations.货物被从一个市场贩卖到另一个市场，经过多次转手才最终到达目的地。句式仿写我的房间很乱，不过今晚在我出去之前，我没必要打扫它。我可以在(明天)早晨打扫。(2017天津)my room is a mess，but i neednt clean it before i go out tonight.i can do it in the morning. major adj.主要的；较重要的v主修n专业，主修科目；某专业的学生一句多译我在大学里主修英语。(1)i major in english at university.(major v)(2)my major is english at university.(major n)(3)im an english major at university.(major n)易错点拨major本身含有“比较”之意，没有比较等级的变化，也不可与than连用。 拓展词：difference n不同之处different adj.不同的(1)differ from不同于；和不同differ in在方面不同differ with sb.on/about/over sth.在某事上和某人有分歧/异议(2)make a difference to.对有影响/起作用tell the difference between a and b分清a和b(3)be different from.in.在方面与不同(1)changing schools did make a difference to my life.转学确实对我的生活产生了影响。一句多译(2)英式英语和美式英语在单词的发音和拼写方面有明显的区别。british english differs obviously from american english in pronunciation and spelling.(differ)british english is obviously different from american english in pronunciation and spelling.(different)there are obvious differences between british english and american english in pronunciation and spelling.(difference) 拓展词：anxiety n担心；焦虑；渴望(1)be anxious for/about担心be anxious to do.渴望做(2)with anxiety(anxiously)焦急地(1)he was anxious about/for his family，who were travelling abroad.他担心在国外旅行的家人。(2)we waited with anxiety/anxiously for our examination results.我们焦急地等待着考试结果。句式升级(3)she looked at her sick child and was very anxious.(用形容词短语作状语改写)she looked at her sick child，very anxious.易错点拨(1)anxiety表示抽象意义的“焦虑，焦急”时，为不可数名词；表示具体意义的“焦虑或担心的事”时，则为可数名词。(2)anxiety表示“渴望得到某物或渴望做某事”时，其后通常跟不定式或“for名词”作定语。risk v冒的危险n危险；风险拓展词：risky adj.危险的(1)risk sth./doing sth.冒着的危险(2)at risk处于危险之中at the risk of doing sth.冒着的风险take/run the risk of doing sth.冒着的危险 一句多译(1)他受到了赞扬，因为他冒着生命危险扑灭了大火。he was praised because he risked losing his life to put out the big fire.he was praised because he took/ran the risk of losing his life to put out the big fire.he was praised because he put out the big fire at the risk of losing his life.(2)i wondered if i was putting my life at risk.我想知道我是否正在把自己的生命置于危险境地。 拓展词：variety n种类；多样性；变化vary v变化；改变(1)a variety ofvarieties of种种的；各种各样的(2)vary from.to.由到不等vary with随变化vary in在方面变化(1)there are a variety of/varieties of/various reasons in favour of my opinion that a chinese dictionary shouldnt include english words.有多种理由支持我的观点汉语词典不应该收入英文单词。(2)opinions on this matter vary from person to person.对于这件事，人人意见不一。(3)the variety of his books is(be) astonishing.他拥有的书的种类令人吃惊。(4)除了定期训练之外，我们的团队还将参加各种活动。(2017全国)our team，apart from regular training，will join in a variety of activities.易错点拨a variety of名词，作主语时，谓语动词原则上与它所修饰的名词的数保持一致；the variety of复数名词，意为“的品种”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 拓展词： equip v配备；装备；使有所准备；使有能力(1)a piece of equipment一件设备(2)equip.with.用装备equip sb.for (doing) sth.使某人为(做)某事而准备；使某人具备(做)某事的条件(1)your education will equip you for your future life.你所受到的教育会使你具备未来生活的能力。句式升级(2)they are equipped with new scientific farming methods，so they have been able to use less farmland than in the past.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)equipped with new scientific farming methods，they have been able to use less farmland than in the past. 拓展词：confused adj.困惑的；不清楚的；难懂的confusing adj.令人困惑的confusion n困惑；糊涂；混淆(1)confuse.with/and.把和混淆(2)be/get confused with/about对感到困惑(1)i cant see how anyone could confuse you with another!我不明白怎么会有人把你和另外一个人搞混！(2)she had confused(confuse) feelings about him.她对他有一些混杂的情绪。(3)im confusedthe instructions on the box are really confusing.(confuse)我被搞糊涂了盒子上的用法说明实在让人费解。 in quantity (in large quantities)大量地quantities of名词谓语动词复数许多a quantity of(1)the cards are cheaper if you buy them in quantity.(2)a large quantity of beer was sold(sell) yesterday.(3)large quantities of food are wasted(waste) because of the way it looks.(4)a large quantity of air conditioners have been sold(sell) since the summer came. preparation n准备；筹备拓展词：prepare v准备；使准备好；配制(食物、药品)prepared adj.做好准备的(1)in preparation (for) 在准备()中make preparations for为做准备(2)prepare for sth.为某事做准备prepare sb.for sth.使某人为做好准备prepare to do sth.准备做某事(3)be/get prepared for为做好准备be prepared to do sth.愿意做某事(1)what makes me concerned is my final exam which will be held in two weeks，so i have to make preparations for it.我担心的是两周后举行的期末考试，所以我必须为此做准备。(2016全国)(2)schools should do more to prepare children for the world of work.学校应该作出更多努力让学生做好走入职场的准备。(3)there was no news and we were prepared for the worst.没有任何消息，我们做好了最坏的打算。易错点拨注意prepare和prepare for的区别：prepare sth.get sth.ready，指准备好某事；而prepare for sth.make preparations for sth.为某事做准备。shock v(使)震惊；震动n震惊；令人震惊的事；休克；电击拓展词：shocked adj.感到震惊的shocking adj.令人震惊的(1)in shock震惊地；休克(2)be shocked by/at.对感到震惊be shocked to do.因做而震惊(1)at first，no one moved.the girls were in shock.then the softball coach shouted out，“does anyone know cpr？”起初，没有人动。女孩们很震惊。然后垒球教练大声喊道：“有人懂得心肺复苏术吗？”(2017北京)(2)after the shocking news spread throughout the whole city，everyone felt shocked.(shock)这条令人震惊的消息传遍了整个城市后，大家都感到震惊。同义句改写(3)it shocked me to see how my neighbors treated their children.(用shock n改写)it was a shock to me to see how my neighbors treated their children. function vi.运转；发挥作用；n.功能，作用完成句子(1)this telephone can also function as a fax machine.这部电话也可以用来当传真机。(2)the sewing machine wont function well if you dont oil it regularly.如果你不定期上油，那台缝纫机就不好用。(3)the function of education is to develop(develop) the mind.教育的作用在于启发心智。名师点拨function作主语时，其表语可用不定式，但不用动名词。aim n目标；目的vt.& vi.瞄准；(向某方向)努力；对准；目的在于拓展词：aimless adj.无目的的aimlessly adv.无目的地(1)take aim at瞄准；批评with the aim of有的目的(2)aim at瞄准；目的在于aim to do./at doing.旨在做be aimed at目的是；旨在(1)jane moved aimlessly(aim) down the treelined street，not knowing where she was heading.简沿着绿树成荫的街道漫无目的地走着，并不知道要去哪里。(2017北京)(2)the proposal put forward by dobrindt aims to help(help) promote fully automatic driving.dobrindt提出此建议的目的就是推广全自动驾驶。(2017天津)(3)this activity aims/is aimed(aim) at improving the students ability of listening and speaking.这次活动旨在提高学生的听和说的能力。(4)i dont know at whom the ministers remarks were aimed，but he ought not to say such things.我不知道部长的讲话是针对谁的，但他不应该说这样的话。易错点拨(1)由于aim可用作及物或不及物动词，所以类似以下这样的句子可用主动语态或被动语态：my remarks were not aimed/didnt aim at you.我的话并非针对你的。(2)在take aim at中，aim前不能加冠词，即使aim前有形容词，也不可加冠词。 拓展词：observation n观察observatory n天文台；气象台写出下列句子中黑体词的汉语意思(1)though having lived abroad for years，many chinese still observe traditional customs.遵守(2)as often happens，people with good eyesight fail to see what is right in front of them，for they have too much to observe.观察(3)could you tell me how you usually observe thanksgiving day in your country？庆祝(4)the police observed a man enter the bank.看到；注意到observe sb.do sth.观察/注意到某人做了某事(强调看到动作的全过程)observe sb.doing sth.看到某人正在做某事(强调看到动作正在进行易错点拨observe sb.do sth.改为被动语态时，省去的不定式符号to要还原上，即：sb.be observed to do sth.。shelter n住所；藏身之处；庇护；避难所v庇护；躲避(1)take/seek shelter (from) 躲避()under the shelter of在的庇护下give shelter to庇护(2)shelter.from.保护免于(1)i took/sought shelter under a bus shelter from the rain last night.昨晚我在公交候车亭躲雨。(2)under the shelter of a tent，a crowd was gathered for a brunch.在帐篷的庇护下，一群人聚在一起吃早午餐。(3)trees shelter the house from the wind.树给房子挡风。熟词生义写出句子中黑体词的汉语意思(4)he was just another child from the shelters.there were other children as well.收容所limit n界限；限度vt.限制；限定拓展词：limited adj.有限的(1)set a limit to/on限制beyond the limit超过限度within the limits of限定在范围内there is a/no limit to/on.是有限的/无限的。(2)limit.to.把限定在范围内(3)be limited to受限于(1)we must set a limit to/on the expense of the trip.我们必须对旅游费用定一个限额。(2)our funds were limited(limit)，and none of the houses in our price range seemed satisfactory.我们的资金有限，在我们价格范围内的房子看起来都不令人满意。(2015天津) (3)is there any limit to/on the amount of time we have?我们的时间有没有限制？易错点拨当谈论某公司为有限公司时，limited像一般形容词一样，用作前置定语(不缩略为ltd)：this is a limited company.这是一个股份有限公司。但若用于公司名称中，则总是后置(可缩略为ltd)：weve just signed an agreement with carsons ltd.我们刚刚与卡森斯有限公司签订了协议。 take off脱下；起飞；(事业开始)成功，腾飞；开始流行；休假，休息；匆匆离开写出下列句子中黑体词的汉语意思(1)the plane took off on time.起飞(2)she asked to take two days off the following week.休假，休息(3)he took off his coat as soon as he entered his room.脱下(4)many businesses started up by college students have taken off thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.(2016江苏)(事业)腾飞take down拆除；写下take up拿起；接受；开始；继续；占用；从事take on开始雇用；呈现；承担take in吸引；领会；欺骗take over接管(5)he did not particularly want to take up a competitive sport.他并不特别想从事竞技体育运动。 turn down拒绝；调小turn out结果是；生产；制造turn over移交；翻身turn to求助；翻到；查阅turn in上交turn off关掉 用上述短语的正确形式填空(1)when the sports hero turned up at our party，he was welcomed with open arms.(2)i would，indeed，turn the evidence over to the police.(3)new technologies have made it possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.(4)dont turn off the computer before closing all programs，or you could have problems.(5)that radio is pretty loud.can you turn it down a little? get away with (做错事而)不被发觉/不受惩罚；卷逃get away from从脱离；逃脱；摆脱get over克服；恢复get down to开始；着手get round/around/about走动；(消息或新闻)传开(1)he sometimes has trouble (in) getting his meaning across in english.有时候他不知道如何用英语表达他的想法。(2)the policeman cant have the thief getting away with stealing peoples money.警察不能容忍小偷偷了人们的钱而跑掉。(3)we want to get away from this idea that in a divorce one partner has to be blamed.我们想摆脱这种认为离婚的夫妻双方必有一方犯有过错的观念。(4)now lets get down to business，please stop quarreling.现在咱们讨论一下正经事，你们别斗嘴了。 break down分解；(机器)损坏，出故障；(谈判)失败；(身体)垮掉图解助记写出下列句子中黑体词的汉语意思(1)the car broke down on the way to the airport.抛锚，损坏，出故障(2)the peace talks broke down with no agreement reached.(谈判)失败(3)your health will break down if you work too hard.(身体)垮掉(4)plastic bags are difficult to break down.分解break up分散；拆散；驱散；(关系等)破裂；放学；散会break out(战争、火灾等)爆发；突然起来(doing)break into闯入；突然起来(n.)break away from脱离；打破break in闯入；插嘴；打断易错点拨break in和break into都表示“闯入”，但二者用法不同。前者是不及物的，后不跟宾语，不用于被动语态；后者into是介词，后要接宾语，可用于被动语态。 (1)run out(give out)用完；耗尽(主语为物，无被动语态)run across跑着穿过；偶然碰见run after追捕；跟踪；追求run away跑开；逃走run into撞上；偶然遇见；遇到(困难等)run for竞选；匆匆去取run through浏览；跑着穿过(2)use up用完give out用完(1)im running out of patience.我快没有耐心了。用run短语的正确形式填空(2)one day she happened to run across/into xiao liu.(3)if you run after two hares，you will catch neither.(4)she ran for class president and won in a walk.although people enjoyed reading his book，many of them thought that marcos stories about china were too fantastic to be true.虽然人们喜欢读他的书，但是有许多人认为马可写的关于中国的故事太离奇而不可信。(1)too.to.太而不能(2)too.to.与not/never连用时，意为“无论也不过分，越越好”，cannot be too.再也不过分。(3)only/just/but too.to.非常去做(too前的only/just/but不仅没有否定意义，反而加重了too的肯定语气)。(4)too ready/easy/eager/willing/anxious/happy.to.句型表示肯定，作“过于、太会”解。(5)too.not to.表示肯定，意为“非常必定能；太不会不”。(1)you cant be too careful to drive.after all，life is valuable.你开车时再仔细也不为过。毕竟生命是宝贵的。(2)ill be only too pleased to be able to do the job for you.我能为您效劳，真是十分高兴。同义句改写(3)the boy is so weak that he cant lift the heavy box by himself.the boy is too weak to lift the heavy box by himself.the boy isnt strong enough to lift the heavy box by himself.the next to go was captain oates，who was having great difficulty walking.接下来离开的是奥茨上校，他走路有很大的困难。have difficulty/trouble/much bother (in) doing sth.做有困难(麻烦)；费劲做某事have difficulty/trouble with sth.有困难(麻烦)there is some/no difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有一些/没有困难(麻烦)do sth.with/without difficulty/trouble做某事有/没有困难(麻烦)(1)if you have difficulty (in) learning english，you can turn to me for help.如果你学习英语有困难，你可以向我寻求帮助。(2)there is some difficulty(in) understanding spoken english in english speaking countries for me.对我来说，在说英语的国家听懂英语口语有一定的难度。同义句改写(3)i had no difficulty finding your home.i found your home without difficulty/trouble.