北师大版选修七Unit 20 new frontiers lesson 3 scientific breakthroughs学案 (1).docx

unit 20 new frontiers lesson 3 scientific breakthroughs学案1介、副词填空who has taken my dictionary away?if you trust him, you will certainly be taken inalan took over the farm when his father died.i take back what i just said.2完成句子乔治很快就要接管他父亲的事业了。george will take_over_his_fathers_business soon.他是什么时候开始踢足球的？ when did he take_up_football?考点9give away 赠送；分发(奖品)；泄露；出卖经典例句he gave away most of his fortune to the poor.他把他的大部分财产都送给了穷人。the remark gave away his real opinion on the matter.那句话泄露了他对这件事的真实想法。i need to give away these old bady clothes.我需要把这些旧的婴儿衣服送出去一些。give off 放出；散发出(液体、气体、气味、热量、能量、光、声音等)give out 分发；用完；消耗尽，筋疲力尽give up 放弃，戒掉；停止；认输；把送交give in (to) 屈服；让步；投降parents should not give in to their children too much.父母不应该过分迁就孩子。the flowers gave off a sweet fragrance.这些花散发出甜甜的香味。1介、副词填空he was given away by one of his best friends.the argument went on for hours as neither side would give inmy strength gave out when i got to the top of mount tai.you ought to give up smoking without hesitation as i did last year. 2翻译句子这位老教师把他的全部藏书捐赠给了学校。(give away)the_old_teacher_gave_away_all_his_books_to_the_school.in no way shall we give in to our fortune.我们决不可以屈服于命运。考点10get across 被理解；使理解，把讲清楚经典例句the intention of mr. presidents speech didnt really get across to the audience.总统先生演讲的意图并未真正被听众所理解。your meaning did not really get across.你的意思并未真正被别人理解。it is hard for me to get the point across.对我来说，把这个观点讲清楚很难。get in进入；收获get into 进入；陷入；染上(习惯)get off 下车；脱下；动身；起飞get to 到达；开始；着手处理get back 回来，要回，收回get through 用完，耗尽；完成，顺利通过(考试)；(用电话)接通get away from 离开；逃脱；摆脱get down to (doing) sth. 开始/着手(做)某事if you continue doing such things, you will get into trouble sooner or later.如果你继续做那样的事情，迟早你会陷入困境。mrs. johnson talks so much that its impossible to get a word in.约翰逊夫人说起话来滔滔不绝，让人一句话都插不进去。ladies and gentlemen, silence, please. now lets get down to having the meeting.女士们，先生们，请肃静。现在咱们开始开会了。1介、副词填空i tried phoning her office, but i couldnt get throughhave you get back the book you lent him?he got down to his work after the holidays.2完成句子有时候我需要到乡下，去摆脱这些噪音。there are times when i need to go to the countryside and get_away_from_the_noise他不太善于表达自己的思想。hes not good at getting_his_ideas_across考点11turn to 求助于；转向；翻到；查阅；变成教材原句the navy turned to eckert, an engineer, and mauchly, a physicist, to wrestle with the problem and produce a machine to do the job.海军方面向工程师埃克特和物理学家莫克利寻求帮助，请他们解决这一难题并制造一台能完成该工作的机器。一词多义写出下列句中turn to的汉语意思we can turn to internet for more information. 查阅their talk turned to the changes that had taken place in the city.转向after he graduated from beijing university, he became a teacher, but later he turned to translation.变成turn on/off 打开/关闭(电源、水龙头、煤气等)turn down (把音量)关小；拒绝(观点、意见、看法等)turn up (人的)来到，露面；调高(音量、热量等)turn into 变成turn in 上交turn out (to be) 证明(不用于被动语态)；结果；生产出，出版；制造turn over 翻转；移交turn against 反对，以为敌we arranged to meet at 7：30, but she never turned up.我们约好了7：30见面，但她根本没露面。why did she turn down your invitation?她为什么拒绝你的邀请？unexpectedly the weather turned out (to be) pretty nice that day.出乎意料，那天天气特别好。1介、副词填空please turn down the tv a bit; its too noisy.she has nobody to turn to in the darkness.they are turning waste land into paddy fields (稻田)we had a good many anxious worries but everything turned out all right in the end.you shall turn in your homework before you go to play football.2完成句子使马克失望的是，他父亲没有来参加他的婚礼。to marks disappointment, his father didnt turn_up_at_his_wedding_ceremony经理把工作移交给秘书然后匆忙地离开了。the manager turned_over_the_work_to the secretary and then left hurriedly.1i was so angry that i walked out, leaving him sitting there shocked_and_whitefaced我很生气，所以我走了，留他一个人坐在那儿，神情惊愕，脸色苍白。shocked and whitefaced是形容词短语作状语，表示him 的状态，而不是修饰动词。通常情况下，形容词作状语是较为特殊的情况，需要引起注意。they got lost in the forest, cold and hungry.他们在森林里迷路了，又冷又饿。at last they returned, safe and sound.最后他们终于回来了，安然无恙。1. 句型转换because she was frightened, she asked me to go with her.frightened,_she asked me to go with her. when the teacher asked the question, all the students sat there and kept silent.when the teacher asked the question, all the students sat there, silent2完成句子the boy lay in the sofa, relaxed (很放松)after the long journey, the three of them came back home, hungry_and_tired_ (又饿又累)surprised_and_happy (既惊奇又高兴), tom came to the front and accepted the prize. lost_in_reading (沉浸在阅读中), he didnt notice someone slide into the room. 2edwin hubble was_about_to_make astronomys greatest breakthrough of the century.埃德温哈勃即将取得这个世纪天文学上的最重大的突破。be about to do sth.“即将/就要”，表示即将发生的动作，不表示按计划、安排的动作，不与具体的时间状语连用。i was about to sleep when someone called me.我正要睡觉，这时有人给我打电话。hurry up! the train is about to start.快！火车就要发车了。he was about to give up hope when a good idea came into his mind.他正要放弃希望，这时他想到一个好主意。be (just) about to do sth. when . be on the point of doing sth. when . 正要做某事这时(突然)be doing sth. when . 正在做某事这时突然had (just) done sth. when . 刚做完某事这时突然the thief was on the point of putting his hand into the ladys handbag when the bus suddenly stopped.小偷正要把手伸进那位女士的手提袋中，这时公共汽车突然停了。i was just about to go out when it began to rain.我正要出门，天却忽然下起雨来了。we were having a party when a man broke in, gun in hand.我们正在开晚会这时突然一个人闯进来，手里拿着枪。名师点津be about to do sth.不与具体的时间状语连用，但可以和when引导的句子连用。这时when是并列连词，表示“就在这时(突然)”。完成句子他正要上车，这时有人喊住了他。he was_about_to_get_on_the_bus_when someone called him.我刚刚起床，这时突然有人敲门。i_had_just_got_up_when someone knocked at the door.她刚要说点什么，这时你打断了她。she was_on_the_point_of saying something when you interrupt her.3there_is_no_doubt_about it.此事毋庸置疑。there is no doubt about sth.意为“毫无疑问”。there is no doubt about his coming to our rescue.毫无疑问他会来帮助我们的。there is no doubt that . 毫无疑问there is some doubt whether . 是否还不确定i have no doubt that . 我确信there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.毫无疑问，我们使用记忆(内存)的方式正在改变。there is some doubt whether john will come on time.约翰会不会准时来还不太确定。名师点津doubt可以作名词也可以作动词。用于肯定句时，其同位语从句和宾语从句用whether引导，不用if或that；用于否定句和疑问句时，其同位语从句和宾语从句用that引导，不用whether或if。is there any doubt that some western countries are on decline?一些西方国家正在衰退，对这一点还有什么疑问吗？i doubt whether he gave away the secret.我怀疑是不是他泄露了这一秘密。1. 单句改错there is some doubt that the young man can undertake such an important task.thatwhetheris there any doubt if the evidence available is favorable for us?ifthatas far as i see, there is no doubt he will win the tennis match this time. doubt后加that2翻译句子我相信他会遵守诺言。i_have_no_doubt_that_he_will_keep_his_promise.毫无疑问他适合(fit)这项工作。there_is_no_doubt_that_he_is_fit_for_the_job.对应学生课下能力提升(六).根据首字母或汉语意思写出单词1when hearing the fire alarm, the audience rushed to the nearest emergency exit2poor though they are, the women still donate a lot of money to the red cross every year.3he promises me that he can cure (治愈) me but i still doubt him.4. far away from each other, the two sisters correspond (通信) every week.5his outspoken (坦率的) remarks made him an easy target for the other side.单句语法填空1i was_coming (come) to see you when i ran (run) into my best friend, tom.2looking (look) out of the window, i saw some students playing there.3he went out and left the baby sleeping (sleep) in bed.4without solar radiation, animals and plants would_die (die).选词填空be dedicated to, range from, turn to, figure out, correspond with, wrestle with1the monument was_dedicated_to the memory of the soldiers who had died there.2ordinary people such as you and i have wrestled_with these puzzles over the centuries.3single journey adult fares usually range_from d|s4 to d|s13 per trip depending on distances travelled.4the child often turns_to his mother for comfort.5i have corresponded_witha foreign friend and we write to each other once a month.6have you figured_out whats wrong with your car?.课文缩写语法填空pioneers of scienceif you had to choose the single most important discovery of the 20th century, you would have a real dilemma on your hands. in just 100 years, the world changed completely. medical advances ranged 1.from discovering the causes of diseases under microscopes to surgical procedures replacing diseased organs with 2.donated (donate) ones.it is possible to single out a few 3.pioneers (pioneer) of the 20th century. here are five of them.one of the 20th centurys premier scientists was albert einstein. in the summer of 1905, this outspoken young man was rocking his oneyearold baby 4.when he was suddenly inspired. “emc2” was born.5using (use) the most highpowered telescope of the time, he began the long, slow process of exploring our galaxy. edwin hubble discovered small areas of mist which were 6.in fact galaxies like our own millions of light years away from us.alexander fleming saw 7.a blue mould in the dish around which the bacteria had been destroyed. this blue mould was in fact the natural form of penicillin.during the second world war, when flemings discovery was first helping 8.to_cure (cure) people, the us navy was looking for ways of improving the accuracy of their missiles. the navy turned 9.to eckert, an engineer, and mauchly, a physicist, to wrestle with the problem and produce a machine which was the worlds first computer to do the job. 10.without the breakthroughs of these pioneers in science and technology, whether lucky or planned, the world as we know it today would have been a completely different place.阅读理解according to a new study, scientific breakthroughs increasingly come to scientists who are 45 and older.researchers from ohio state university and northwestern university examined the age at which nobel prize winners did their prizewinning work for awards in physics, chemistry, and medicine between 1901 and 2008. their study shows that the average age of scientists making their nobel prizewinning discoveries has risen.the trend was very obvious in all these three fields. in einsteins field, the average age shifted from 36.9 early in the 20th century to 50.3 in recent decades. in chemistry, the average age shifted from 36.1 to 46.3 and in medicine from 37.6 to 45.0.“theres this fixed image of the young genius doing breakthrough work，” said bruce weinberg, coauthor of the study. “but thats not the universal pattern, especially today.”so whats causing the shift? weinberg and his coauthor, benjamin jones, suggest two likely factors: changes in scientific training standards and changes to the foundational knowledge within scientific disciplines. in einsteins day, many scientists received their highest degree (usually a doctors degree) by the age of 25. in all three fields that proportion has decreased over time, meaning that many eventual nobel prize winners are starting their careers later. as there is more and more knowledge, scientists may need longer to master the fundamentals and finally to make a new great contribution to a field, according to weinberg.these findings are mixed news for science as a whole. while the study may calm some worries about our aging scientific workforce, it still indicates a problem“the research suggests that it takes longer and longer to master all the material needed to make it to the scientific frontier，” weinberg says. “if thats the case, it may mean that scientific progress could slow down.”for the young, ambitious scientists trying to live up to the fixed image of genius, weinberg offers this advice，“its possible, in principle, to do great work early in a career, but i would tell young scientists to keep going, even if they havent had a breakthrough yet.”语篇解读：人们往往认为科学界的天才在青年时期便一鸣惊人，研究发现：近几十年来科学家取得重大科学突破时的年龄比之前明显增大。1in which field was the trend most obvious?achemistry.bphysics.cmedicine. dbiology.解析：选b推理判断题。从第三段提供的数字可知在爱因斯坦研究的领域，即物理学方面，获得诺贝尔奖的科学家的年龄变化最大，该趋势最为明显。2from paragraph 5, we can learn that _anowadays it is easier to receive a doctors degreebonly those who start their careers later can win a noble prizecthere is less scientific training offered to young scientistsdscientists now have to master more knowledge to make a scientific breakthrough解析：选d细节理解题。根据第五段“as there is more and more knowledge, scientists may need longer to master the fundamentals and finally to make a new great contribution to a field”可知，如今科学家需要掌握更多的知识才能取得科学新突破，故选d。3the underlined word “problem” in paragraph 6 refers to the situation that _athe scientific research progress may slow downba doctors degree may be less valuablecthe present scientific training standards may be too highdthe aging scientific workforce may make no breakthroughs in science解析：选a推理判断题。根据第七段中的解释“if thats the case, it may mean that scientific progress could slow down.”可知，此处problem指的是科学研究的进程可能会放慢，故a为正确答案。4according to what weinberg said in the last paragraph, young scientists should _abe more careful about their workbbe patient with their workchave a higher goaldstart their career as early as possible解析：选b细节理解题。根据文章最后一句话中“but i would tell young scientists to keep going, even if they havent had a breakthrough yet”可知，weinberg认为年轻的科学家即使现在还没有取得重大科学突破，仍要耐心工作。.任务型阅读universities around the country are doing everything they can to become green campuses. 1._， but there are also items that every student can do to contribute to a green campus and an ecofriendly lifestyle.recycle everything, especially paper!the amount of paper a college student goes through every year is enormous. there are class notes, term papers, student n