unit10知识清单.doc

Unit10知识清单Section A重点短语51. be supposed to do理应做某事2. be expected to do sth.被期望做某事3. be important to do sth.做很重要4. for the first time 第一次5. greet sb. the wrong way用错误的方式招呼某人6. shake hands with sb. 与某人握手7. bow to sb. 向鞠躬8. wear a fancy dress 穿时尚的裙子9. turn up 出现（音量）开大10. turn out结果（是）11. make an effort to do sth. 努力做某事12. wear a shirt and tie 穿西装打领带13. be relaxed about 对感到放松14. drop by 顺便拜访15. the capital of clocks and watches 钟表之都16. after all 毕竟17. value the time we spend with our family珍惜和家人在一起的时间18. hold out my hand 伸出我的手19. kiss sb. on both sides of ones faces亲某人的双颊20. get mad at sb.生某人的气21. on time 准时22. visit sb. without calling first 不期而访23. Its no big deal.没什么大不了24. go abroad 出国25. clean the chalk off 擦掉粉笔灰26. in social situations 在社交场合27. be worth the trouble 值得费事28. customs about 关于的习俗29. keep others waiting 让人久等30. table manners 餐桌礼仪31. knock at the door 敲门32.the northern coast of Norway挪威的北海岸重点句型1. What are you supposed to do when you meet someone for the first time? You are supposed to shake hands. You are not supposed to kiss.2. Am I supposed to wear jeans? No, youre expected to wear a suit and tie.3. Is it important to be on time? 知识点讲解 Section A1. custom n.可数名词，表示“风俗、习惯”，特指个人的习惯时用单数；表示某一国家或地区的各种风俗习惯时常用复数。It was her custom to take a walk after supper. 晚饭后散步是她的习惯。辨析：custom与habitcustom指整个社会在相当长的一段时期内形成的习俗。habit 指个人的习惯行为2. You are supposed to shake hands. 你们应该握手。（1）be supposed to “应该（做）”相当于should do sth.You are supposed to buy a ticket, but not many people do. 按说你应该买票，不过买票的人不多。I thought we were supposed to be paid today. 我原以为我们今天会领到薪水。（2）表示一般认为；人们普遍认为。I havent seen it myself, but it is supposed to be a great movie. 我没有亲自看过，但人们普遍认为它是一部精彩的电影。It is supposed to be very hot in August in Wuhan. 普遍认为武汉的八月是很热的。（3）用来表示建议、劝告、责任等是，相当于情态动词should.You are supposed to read English every morning. 你应该每天早上读英语。【拓展】suppose vt. 猜想；认为；猜测。（近义词为guess）They supposed (that) he was dead. 他们猜想他死了。They are policemen, I suppose. 我想他们是警察。shake v./n. 振动；摇动；抖动。过去式，过去分词为shook, shaken.They shook hands warmly.他们热情地握着手。 He answered “no” with a shake of his head. 他头一摇回答说“不”。【拓展】相关短语：shake ones head 摇头； shake ones hands with 与某人握手shake up 摇匀 shake off 抖掉3. They are supposed to bow. 他们应该鞠躬。bow 用法如下：（1）v. 鞠躬、弯腰 bow to sb. Bow to the King. 向国王鞠躬致敬。（2）n. 鞠躬、I returned him the bow. 我回敬他一鞠躬。相关短语：bow ones head 低头 4. I greeted Pauls mother the wrong way. 我问候保罗母亲的方法不对。（1）greet vt. “打招呼，向问候”eg: Our friends greeted us with a smile. 我们的朋友微笑着跟我们打招呼。【拓展】greet v. “欢迎”“迎接”eg: Were going to the airport to greet the foreign guests this morning. 我们今天上午将去机场迎接外宾。greeting n. “问候语，招呼语（或动作）”常用复数形式。It is usually used in birthday greetings. 它常用于生日贺词中。（2）the wrong way = in the wrong way 以错误的方式 way 意为“方式，方法”，当way构成短语“用方式（方法）”时常加介词in, 如果way 前有this, that, the 等词，in 可以省略，但是如果位于句首，in则不可省略。I can finish my work earlier this way.= In this way I can finish my work earlier.5.I held out my hand . So I just stood there with my hand out. Hold out 伸出 He held out his hands and caught the basketball. 他伸出手接住了篮球。 with my hand out.此处是with+n. +adv/adj引导的伴随状语 He laughed with his mouth open.他咧嘴而笑。6 Where Im from, were pretty relaxed about time.(1). where Im from 为地点状语从句，where 为引导词。eg: Where I was born, the people are very friendly. 在我出生的那个地方，人们非常友好。 Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。(2). relaxed adj. 随意的，休闲的，轻松点，作定语或表语，常用于修饰人 常用短语：be relaxed about 对某事随意，宽松，不严格eg: The school is relaxed about students clothes. 这所学校对学生的衣着要求不严。 relaxing adj. 令人休闲的，令人放松的，常用来修饰物，能作定语和表语eg: We spent a relaxing summer holiday. 我们度过了一个轻松的暑假。7. We often drop by our friends homes. 我们经常顺便到朋友的家里拜访。drop by(+sp) 顺便拜访 eg: Yesterday I dropped by/called at my uncles. 昨天，我去看望叔叔了。I just dropped by (your house) to see you. 我只是顺便来看看你。 drop v. （drop-dropped-dropped）（1） vt.(及物动词)意思是（有意或无意）让掉下来、投下；放弃、不再干。eg：She dropped the teapot. 她把茶壶打碎了。 He dropped it into the mail-box. 他把他投进了邮箱。 I want to drop math. 我想放弃数学。（2）vi.(不及物动词)意思是掉下、落下；下降、降低（可与fall互换），eg：The man dropped/fell from the top of the building. 这个男人从顶楼上摔下来了。 The temperature has suddenly dropped./fallen. 气温骤降。 Prices dropped/fell.价格降下来了。8. Often we just walk around the town center, seeing as many of our friends as we can. (1)现在分词短语seeing作状语，说明谓语动词walk around发生时，伴随着另一个动作也在发生。eg: The teacher came into the classroom, holding a book in his hand.老师走进教室，手里拿着一本书。（2）asas one can 相当于as as possible，意为“尽可能”I hope youll write as soon as you can. 我希望你尽快写信。9. Were the land of watches, after all! 我们毕竟是钟表之国！after all 毕竟，终究；别忘了，记着。It has turned out to be a nice day after all. 天终究转晴了。I thought I was going to fail in the exam, but I passed it after all. 我原以为这次考试不会及格，毕竟还是及格了。10. If you are fifteen minutes late, your friends may get mad.如果你迟到15分钟， 你的朋友也许就会生气。get /be mad at sb. 生某人的气= be angry with sb. = be annoyed with sb. be mad about sb/sth . 对.迷恋/疯狂 He is mad about money. 他财迷心窍。11.I make an effort to be on time when I meet my friends. 我见朋友是尽量做到准时。 make an effort to do sth. 努力做某事 She always gets a great effort to get good grades. 她总是努力取得好成绩。The local club makes every effort to interest more young people. 地方俱乐部尽一切努力吸引更多的年轻人。effort /c, u/ 气力，努力， 费力的事 The English speech contest helps to improve yourself. Its worth the effort. 英语演讲比赛有助于提升你自己。 它值得你去努力。The old lady fell on the ground but she tried to stand up by herself with (an) effort.这位老太太摔倒了，但是她尽力自己站起来。12. Its no big deal. 没有什么大不了。小事。a good/great deal of +un = much/ a lot of 许多， 大量的 They spent a great deal of money in rebuilding their homes. 他们花了很多钱重建家园。The construction of a new railway took a good deal of time. 新铁路的修建花了很多时间。拓展： Its a deal.就这么办吧。 Whats the deal ? 什么事？13. Learning what you are supposed to do and are supposed to do in social situation may be difficult , but it worth the trouble if you want to understand another culture.了解在社交场合你该做和不该做的事也许比较困难，但是如果你想理解另外一种文化的话，这样费力也值得。Worth adj. 值得， 值.钱。 be worth+ n/pron/v-ing / number This watch is worth more than $2000.You proposal is quite origin. It is worth discussing at the staff meeting.No matter how cold the weather is , the father thinks it is worth (=be worthy of)the trouble to pick her daughter up after school . 无论天气多么冷， 这位父亲多觉得放学后接自己的女儿值得这份辛苦。Section B短语(1.at the table 在餐桌旁 2. at table 在吃饭3. mind your manners 注意你的举止 4. So 把插进5.point at sb.with your chopsticks 用筷子指着 6. on my exchange program 在我的交流活动中7.go out of ones way to do 特意做某事 8.make sb. feel at home 使某人感到宾至如归9.eat anything with you hands 用手拿着吃任何东西 10. put your hands in your lap把你的手放在腿上11.gradually get used to (doing) 逐渐习惯于做某事 12.be comfortable doing 舒适、自在地做某事13. Theres no reason to do 没有理由做某事 14.show up 出现15.basic table manners 基本的餐桌礼仪 16. feel good about doing舒适、自在地做某事知识点1. How much do you know about table manners around the world? 关于世界各地的餐桌礼仪你了解多少？manner n. 举止，习俗，风俗。常用其复数形式表示“礼貌，礼仪”。The people who are going abroad should learn the Western table manners. 要出国的人应该学习西方餐桌上的礼仪。【拓展】manner 名词，“方式，方法；举止；态度”eg: I dont like his manner; its very rude. 我不喜欢他的举止，太粗鲁了。 I love duck cooked in Chinese manner. 我喜欢吃中国烧法的鸭子。2. You are not supposed to talk at the table. 你在餐桌上不应交谈。at the table 介词短语，“在餐桌边” at table 在吃饭eg: At the table is a Christmas tree. 餐桌旁有一颗圣诞树。 The Blacks are at table. 布莱克一家正在吃饭。3. . Its impolite to use you chopsticks to hit an empty bowl.用筷子敲空碗是不礼貌的。句型：A: Its+adj. +for sb. to do sth. B: Its +adj.+ of sb to do sth. 当adj. 是说明事物特性，如interesting, important, exciting等时，使用句型A当adj. 是表示人的品质如kind, nice, clever, wise, foolish等时，使用句型Beg: Its necessary for us to take a rest now. 我们现在有必要休息一下。 Its clever of you to do so. 你这么做是聪明之举。4.Its impolite to stick your chopsticks into your food. 把筷子插入你的食物中是不礼貌的。stick-stuck-stuck v. 插入 常用短语 stick in/into “把插入”Dont stick your fork into your food. stick v. 粘住，粘贴She stuck Page 5 and 6 together. 她把第5页和第6页粘了起来。stick n. 木棒，拐杖，树枝Put some sticks on the fire. 往火里添点柴。5. They go out of their way to make me feel at home. 他们努力使我感觉像在家里一样。go out of their way “特意；专门”They went out of their way to help her. 他们竭力帮她。He went out of his way to be rude to me. 他故意粗暴对我。feel at home “随便，自由自在”She always feels at home in her friends house. 在朋友家里，她总是感到自在。6. Im very comfortable speaking French now. 我现在讲法语很自然。句子结构分析：speaking French now 是现在分词短语在句中作状语，相当于when I speak French now. eg: I found nobody in, opening the door. = When I opened the door, I found nobody in. 当我打开门时，发现一个人也没有。Hearing the good news, he laughed. = When he heard the good news, he laughed.当他听到那则好消息时他笑了。7. Youre not supposed to eat anything with your hands except bread, not even fruit!除了面包之外，你不应该用手拿着吃任何东西，甚至水果也不能！except 除之外辨析：but, besides, except, except for(1)but 除之外，常与no one, nobody, nothing有否定意义的词或all, everyone, everything等词连用。eg: Nothing was in the box but a book. 盒子里出来一本书外，别的什么也没有。(2)besides 除之外还有We all went to the zoo besides Jim. 除了吉姆，我们也去了动物园。（吉姆也去了动物园）(3)except通常与表示全部的all, every 连用；若与other连用，只能用besideseg: They all went to the zoo except Jim. 除了吉姆外，他们都去了动物园。（吉姆没有去）She has other people to look after besides her father. 除了她父亲外，她还要照顾别的人。8.My biggest challenge is learning how to behave at the dinner table.我最大的挑战就是学习坐在餐桌旁应该怎样举止得体。(1)本句learning how to behave at the dinner table.做表语，动词ing做表语通常表习惯、兴趣、爱好、经常性。e.g. My hobby is colle