必修1-Module6-The-Internet-and-Telecommunications单元重难知识点总结.doc

Unit 6. The Internet and Telecommunications一.重点词汇及拓展1.average adj.平均的2contain vt.包含，包括container n容器3access n接近，通路accessible adj.易接近的4create vt.创造，发明creation n创造力creative adj.有创造性的5concentrate vi.集中(注意力、思想等)concentration n注意力6definite adj.明确的definition n释义define v阐明，解释7.frequently adv.时常；经常frequent adj.经常的，频繁的frequency n频繁 8defence n防护defend vt.防卫9percentage n百分数percent n百分之5concentrate vi.集中(注意力、思想等)concentration n注意力6definite adj.明确的definition n释义define v阐明，解释7.frequently adv.时常；经常frequent adj.经常的，频繁的frequency n频繁 8defence n防护defend vt.防卫9percentage n百分数percent n百分之10design v设计designer n设计者11invention n发明，创造invent vt.发明12independent adj.独立的independence n独立 13disadvantage n劣势，缺点advantage (反义词)优势，长处14shorten vt.缩短short adj.短的，缺乏的 二. 重点短语1.consist of由组成2go down 降低；下降3come up with提出4concentrate on聚精会神，集中思想5as well也6log on/off注册/注销 7.hesitate to do sth.不愿做某事8a series of一系列，一套9become known as作为而出名10from that moment on 从那时起11compared with/to 与相比较三重点句型BernersLee made it possible for everyone to use the Internet，not just universities and the army.贝尔纳斯李使每个人都能使用因特网变成可能，而不仅仅是大学和军队使用。 四语法1.Compound words(合成词)2.Definite and zero articles(定冠词与零冠词) 一.重点词汇及拓展 1contain vt.包含，包括；含有；抑制，遏制(不用于进行时态)同类辨析contain与include(1)contain通常用来指某种容器中盛有某物，装有某物，还指某种物质中含有某种成分或含有其他物质。指作为组成部分而被“包含”或“容纳”在内。 (2)include通常表示把某事物作为其中的一部分包含在内。include也是及物动词，应注意其非谓语动词形式的用法。例句：Orange juice_ things which help keep you healthy.橘子汁里含有益于健康的东西。 More than one thousand students have been admitted to this school，_my brother/my brother included.一千多名学生被这所学校录取，也包括我弟弟在内。 【链接训练】I think that vegetables are good food because they _ lots of vitamins.Aare contained Bare containingCcontains Dcontain 2access n接近；通路v到达；进入；使用；存/取数据归纳拓展(1)access to.接近的机会；进入的权利have/gain/get/obtain access to得以接近，得以会见，得以进入，得以使用give access to接见，准许出入注意：access其后面多与介词to连用，其前面多与介词of连用。(2)accessible adj.可进入的；可接近的；可使用的be accessible to易接近的；能进入的；易受影响的 例句：The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields.要到农舍去只有穿过田地。You need a password to get access to the computer system.使用这个计算机系统需要口令。These documents are not accessible to the public.公众无法看到这些文件。【链接训练】The people living in these apartments have free _ to that swimming pool.Aaccess Bentrance Crecreation Dexcess3design vt.&vi.设计，拟定，筹划，意图n图样，图案，设计(图)归纳拓展(1)design sth. for为设计，指定某物作某种用途be designed for/to do sth.专为而做(设置)be designed as.作为而设计(2)by design 故意地the latest design 最新样式例句：The course_ an introduction to the subject.这门课程是作为该科目的入门课而开设的。The experiment _ test the new drug.实验的目的是试验新药。The machine is of very poor design. 【链接训练】Whether this happened _ or not we shall never know.Ain design Bon designCby design Dwith design 4concentrate v集中(注意力)于；全神贯注；集中，浓缩n经浓缩而制成的物质或溶液浓缩物；浓缩液归纳拓展concentrate sth.(on/upon sth.)集中于concentrate on/uponn.专注于concentrate ones attention on 致力于；把注意力集中在例句：I decided to concentrate my efforts on finding a good job.我决定尽最大努力找一份好工作。This year the company has concentrated on improving its efficiency.这家公司今年已经集中力量提高效率。 【链接训练】Hearing the boring news，I was too distracted to_my attention on my homework.AattractBdrawCpayDconcentrate 5average adj.平均的；普通的；正常的；平常的n平均数；平均水平；一般水准v平均为；计算出的平均数归纳拓展(1)an average of 的平均数above/below (the) average 高于/低于平均水平on average 平均地；通常；按平均值 with an average of 平均为(2) average sth.out 算出的平均数 例句：The employees average income in this company is about $1,500 a month. Her school work is _.她的学业成绩在平均水准以上。This car runs 15 kilometers per liter _.这辆车平均每升油跑15公里。 【链接训练】Im only a(n)_driver，so I cant do more than drive the bus back.AaverageBcommonCgeneralDusualAs a result of the snow he drove just 280 kilometres in 5 hours，so the _ speed was 56ph.Abasic Bwhole Ctotal Daverage二. 重点短语1consist of由组成 (1)该短语通常不用于被动语态和进行时态，相当于be made up of和be composed of。(2)consist with和一致；符合 例句：This club_more than 200 members.这个俱乐部由200多名会员组成。 Theory should_practice.理论应与实践相一致。 【链接训练】The colorful design_sixty candles and a flag will appear on the people square on October 1.Aconsists of Bconsisting ofCto consist of Dconsisted of 2come up with赶上；拿出，提出(不能用于被动语态)归纳拓展 come along到达，出现；跟随，跟着来come across遇见；(偶然)发现come to被想出；合计，共计when it comes to.涉及；谈到 例句：Is that the best excuse you can _?那就是你能想出的最好借口吗？ The bill _ $30.账款共计30美元。 【链接训练】Facing the fast growth of the population，scientists will have to _ new methods of increasing the worlds food supply.Acome up to Bcome toCcome upon Dcome up with When it_air pollution，Beijing faces the three “C”scars, coal and construction, which lead to Beijings thick air pollution.Arefers to Bcomes toChappens to Dspeaks to 3compared with和相比；匹敌，可与相比归纳拓展(1)compare.with/to.把和比较compare.to.把比作compared to/with.与比较起来(作状语)(2)beyond compare无与伦比，无可比拟(3)comparison n比较；对照in comparison with和相比较 例句：I compared the translation with/to the original.我把译文拿来和原文对照一番。_.我们常常把孩子比作祖国的花朵。_ the previous year，the urban air quality remains unchanged.与上一年相比，城市空气质量基本持平。Living in the country is cheap_the big cities.与大都市相比，在乡下生活较便宜。 【链接训练】_ with the other students, the girl has better listening and speaking ability.AComparing BComparesCTo compare DCompared 三重点句型BernersLee made it possible for everyone to use the Internet，not just universities and the army.贝尔纳斯李使每个人都能使用因特网变成可能，而不仅仅是大学和军队使用。makesb./sth.adj.意为“使某人或某物处于某种状态”。归纳拓展(1)make宾语宾语补足语，这是一个常用句式，其中作宾语补足语的可以是动词原形、形容词、名词或过去分词。 (2)如果make后的宾语是不定式或that从句，宾语补足语是形容词或名词，这时往往把形式宾语it放在宾语的位置上，把真正的宾语放在后面，find，feel，think等动词也可以这样用，该句型为：make/find/feel/thinkitadj./n.(for sb.)to do sth./thatclause(3)makesb./sth.省略to的动词不定式，意为“使某人/某物做某事”。当把此类型的句子变为被动语态时，原句中省略的动词不定式符号to必须要还原。 例句：She _ before eating.她要孩子在吃东西前洗手。I had to speak loud to _.为了让别人听见我不得不大声讲话。I _ walk 2 kilometers a day. 我固定每天散步两千米。We _ the child should be left alone in the house.我们认为把孩子单独留在家里是不对的。 【链接训练】Music is a universal language, _ makes _ possible for Jay Chou to be popular in America.Awhat；what Bwhich；it Cwhat；it Dwhich；that Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it_.Areusing Breused Creuses Dto be reused 四. 语法1合成词合成词：把两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词，这种构词法叫做合成，这种词叫合成词(compound words)，也称复合词。(1)合成名词的主要构成方式：名词名词：arm chair扶手椅headache头痛形容词名词：highway高速公路动词名词：playground操场副词名词：outbreak爆发副词动词：income收入 动词副词：drawback后退名词动名词：daydreaming白日梦其他：soninlaw女婿gobetween中间人(2)合成名词的复数变化一般有三种情况：将最后一个构成部分变为复数形式。gentlemangentlemen绅士breakfastbreakfasts早餐goodfornothinggoodfornothings废物将主要成分变为复数形式lookeronlookerson旁观者passerbypassersby过路人comradeinarmscomradesinarms战友 将两个组成部分皆变为复数形式，这种合成名词的第一个名词必须是man或woman。mandoctormendoctors男医生womancookwomencooks女厨师manwritermenwriters男作家(3)合成动词的主要构成方式：名词动词：watercool用水冷却sleepwalk梦游形容词动词：quickcharge快速充电whitewash粉刷blacklist列入黑名单副词动词：overthrow推翻undergo经历 (4)合成形容词的主要构成方式：名词形容词：worldfamous世界闻名的colorblind色盲的dutyfree免税的名词动词ing：peaceloving爱好和平的epochmaking划时代的名词过去分词：heartbroken心碎的stateowned国有的heartfelt由衷的动词副词：takeaway外卖的，带走的形容词名词：longdistance远方的largescale大规模的highclass高级的形容词形容词：darkblue深蓝lightgreen淡绿 形容词过去分词：newborn新生的nobleminded高尚的形容词现在分词：goodlooking好看的easygoing好说话的副词动词ing：hardworking勤奋的farreaching深远的副词过去分词：wellknown著名的widespread广泛蔓延的数词名词：firstclass一级棒的secondhand二手货的 数词名词形容词：tenyearold十岁的threemetrelong三米长的数词名词ed：threecornered 三角的oneeyed独眼的介词名词：indoor室内的【链接训练】The police talked to the _ about the accident.Astanderby BstandersbyCstanderbys Dstandersbys This kind of _ is popular _ small children.Apicturebooks；with Bpicturebook；withCpicturebooks；to Dthe picturebook；for A new amusement park in our city has opened with _ computer techniques.Auptodate BmanmadeCnearsighted Dpeaceloving 2冠词冠词包括定冠词the和不定冠词a/an。a用于以辅音音素开头的单词，an用于以元音音素开头的单词(不是元音字母)；a/an和the本身不能独立作句子成分，只能与名词连用，主要用来说明限定的名词处于泛指还是特指状态。(1)不定冠词的用法泛指人或事物的类别，相当于any。例句：A bike is very useful in the countryside. 泛指某人某物。例句：There is a book on the table. 表示one或every的意义。例句：I have a mouth，a nose and two eyes. (2)定冠词的用法表示特定或上文已经提到过的人或物。例句：The woman you told me about yesterday seems to be here now. 表示世界上独一无二的东西。例句：The earth is much smaller than the sun. 用于最高级、序数词或特指两个中的一个的形容词前。例句：The taller of the two girls is my daughter. 用于普通名词前作专有名词使用，或用在江、河、湖、海、山川等名词前面。例如：The Peoples Republic of China 用于乐器前面。例句：Peter is playing the violin. 用在姓氏的复数前面表示一家人。例句：The Browns are cleaning their new house. 用于形容词前，表示一类人。例句：They buried the dead and took the wounded to the hospital at once. 用于一些固定词组中，表示“方位、时间”等。例如：in the east/west/north/south of在东/西/北/南部on the left/right in the morning/afternoon/evening 表示“某个年代”。例如：in the 1860s/in the 1860s 表示一个国家或民族的全体人员。例如：the Chinese中国人民the Welsh威尔士人 (3)不使用冠词的情况人名、地名等专有名词、物质名词及抽象名词前。例句：Egypt is a big country with a long history. Well have fish and rice for lunch. 注意：表示“一种；一类；一个”或是被限定时，可以加冠词。例句：A Mr Wang wants to see you. 表示“季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐”的名词前(有修饰语除外)。例句：We go to school from Monday to Friday. 学科、球类名词前。如play basketball打篮球。在与by连用的短语中，一般不使用冠词，因为表示方式或方法而非具体的工具。by car/bus/bike/plane/air/sea/land可数名词的复数形式，表示泛指或类别时。例句：Horses are useful animals. 动作turn作系动词使用，表语为单数可数名词时，一般不用冠词。例句：Nothing could make me turn traitor to my country. (4)冠词位置不定冠词位置不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。注意：a.位于下列形容词之后：such，many，half。例句：I have never seen such an animal. Many a man is fit for the job. b当名词前的形容词被副词as，so，too，how，however，enough修饰时，不定冠词应