定语从句典型错误解析

定语从句典型错误解析定语从句典型错误解析 1 我给他看了我上周在杭州的照片 误 I showed him the photos I took them in Hangzhou last week 正 I showed him the photos I took in Hangzhou last week 析 关系代词或关系副词既代替先行词 又在定语从句 中充当一定的成分 例句为省略了关系代词 that which 的定语从句 that which 指代 the photos 在定语从句中充当 took的宾语 故them多余 应去掉 2 那个正在修理汽车的人是我的叔叔 误 The man is mending the car is my uncle 正 The man who that is mending the car is my uncle 析 关系代词在定语从句中充当主语时不可省略 只有 作宾语时才能省略that 本句还可以译为The man mending the car is my uncle ing形式短语mending the car作the man的后置定语 3 这只风筝是你父亲昨天为你扎的吗 误 Is this kite your father made for you yesterday 正 Is this kite the one that your father made for you yesterday 析 若把this看作kite的修饰语 短语this kite为主句的主 语 这时我们可以看出主句中缺少表语 即定语从 句的先行词 所以应该加上代词the one 如果我们 把this看作代词 作句子的主语 那么kite应该为句 子的表语 则可以看出先行词kite前缺少定冠词 the 故本句还可改为 Is this the kite that which your father made for you yesterday 4 她告诉我的就这些 误 This is all which she told me 正 This is all that she told me 析 当先行词为all none one any few little everything anything nothing等或先行词前有序数词 形容词最 高级修饰时 关系代词只能用that 另外 本句还 可以译为This is what she told me 不过此时 what引 导的是表语从句 而不是定语从句 5 这是我们明天要讨论的问题 误 This is the problem about that we ll talk tomorrow 正 This is the problem about which we ll talk tomorrow 正 This is the problem that which we ll talk about tomorrow 析 介词 关系代词 引导的定语从句 先行词指人时 关系代词用whom 指物时 关系代词用which 另 外 有些固定短语如look after listen to 等 一般也 不能将介词提到关系代词之前 6 他是今天早晨迟到的学生之一 误 He was one of the students who was late this morning 正 He was one of the students who were late this morning 析 在 one of 复数名词 结构中 定语从句的先行词是 复数名词 故谓语动词应用复数 在 the only one of 复数 名词 的结构中 定语从句的先行词是one 故谓语动词应用 单数 如 She is the only one of the students in our class who has ever been to Beijing 她是我们班唯一去过北京的学生 7 我还记得我在北京度过的日子 误 I still remember the days when I spent in Beijing 正 I still remember the days which that I spent in Beijing 析 定语从句中引导词的选择关键词是看先行词在定语 从句中充当什么样的成分 或者说定语从句中缺少什么成 分 如果从句缺少主语 表语 宾语 则引导词通常为 which that who whom as 如果缺少定语则用关系代词 whose 如果缺少状语 则用关系副词when where why 分 析例句的成分可以知道 从句中缺少谓语动词spent的宾语 故应用关系代词which 或that来引导定语从句 若把例句变 为 I still remember the days I enjoyed myself in Beijing 则定语从句中缺少时间状语 故此时应用关系副 词 when 8 昨晚送你回家的那个人是谁 误 Who is the man who sent you home last night 正 Who is the man that sent you home last night 析 当主句为含有who which的疑问句 关系代词用 that 而不用who或which 如 Which is the book that you bought yesterday 哪本书是你昨天买的 9 他们谈了许多他们所知道的人和事 误 They talked about a lot of things and persons what who which they knew 正 They talked about a lot of things and persons that they knew 析 先行词既有人又有物时应该用that来引导 What不 可以引导定语从句 10 我的家乡已不再是十年前的样子 误 My hometown is no longer the town which it used to be ten years ago 正 My hometown is no longer the town that it used to be ten years ago 析 当先行词在定语从句中充当表语时关系代词一般只 能用that 另外 先行词是there be 中的主语时 关系代词 也常用that 口语中这两中情况的关系代词that也可以省略 如 There is a park that we often visit on Sundays 由于定语从句的结构和用法比较复杂 初学者在使用 时往往容易犯一些错误 最常见的有如下五种 一 在定语从句中加了多余的定语 一 在定语从句中加了多余的定语 1 误 Some of the boys I invited them didn t come 正 Some of the boys I invited didn t come 译 我邀请的男孩中有几个没有来 析 应删去them 因为从句的宾语是省略了的whom who或that 2 误 The book that you need it is in the library 正 The book that you need is in the library 译 你需要的书在图书馆里 析 应删去it 因为从句的宾语是关系代词that 二 把定语从句谓语动词的单 复数弄错 二 把定语从句谓语动词的单 复数弄错 1 误 Anyone who break the law will be punished 正 Anyone who breaks the law will be punished 译 任何违犯法律的人将被处罚 析 应改break为breaks 因为who指anyone 是单数 2 误 Those who has finished may go home 正 Those who have finished may go home 译 做完了的人现在可以回家 析 应改has为have 因为who指those 是复数 3 误 He is the only one of the teachers who know French in our school 正 He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school 译 他是我们学校中唯一懂法语的人 析 应改know为knows 因为one前有the only之类限定 词 定语从句在意义上修饰的是the only one 是单数 而不是复数名词the teachers 4 误 This is one of the rooms that is free now 正 This is one of the rooms that are free now 译 这是目前空着的房间之一 析 应改is为are 因为one前没有the only之类的限定词 定语从句在意义上修饰的是名词复数the rooms 而不 是单数one 三 误省略了定语从句中作主语的关系代词 三 误省略了定语从句中作主语的关系代词 1 误 Children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth 正 Children who that eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth 译 吃糖多的孩子往往牙齿不好 析 应加上关系代词who或that 因为从句少主语 且主 语不能省略 2 误 The key opens the bike is missing 正 The key that which opens the bike is missing 译 开这辆自行车的钥匙不见了 析 应加上关系代词that或which 因为从句少主语 且 主语不能省略 四 定语从句中加了多余的关系副词或介词 四 定语从句中加了多余的关系副词或介词 1 误 The house where he lives in needs repairing 正 The house where he lives needs repairing 或 The house he lives in needs repairing 译 他住的房子需要修理 析 应保留where 删去从句中的in 因为关系副词 where在从句中作地点状语 in属多余 或删去关系副 词where 因为where在这里的意思是in which 否则介 词in就重复了 2 误 I still remember the day on when I first came to Beijing 正 I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing 或 I still remember the day on which I first came to Beijing 译 我仍记得我第一次来到北京那天的情景 析 应删去on 因为when在这里的意思是on which 否则介词on就重复了 或把when改为which 五 在作先行词的时间名词或地点名词后错用了关系代词五 在作先行词的时间名词或地点名词后错用了关系代词 或关系副词 或关系副词 1 误 I still remember the day when we spent together 正 I still remember the day that which we spent together 译 我仍