甘肃省金昌市第一中学高中英语 Unit 1 Friendship Grammar学案 新人教版必修1

用心 爱心 专心1 直接引语与间接引语面面观 一 直接引语与间接引语面面观 一 在英语语言交际中 引述别人的话有两种方式 直接引语和间接引语 直接引语是直接引述别人 的原话 在书面语中经常将其放在引号中 间接引语是用自己的话转述别人的话 无需加引号 在多数 情况下间接引语可以构成宾语从句 接下来我们认识一下直接引语与间接引语 1 Mrs Smith said I am going to New York tomorrow 引号中的内容为直接引语 2 Mrs Smith said that she was going to New York the next day 划线部分为间接引语 细心的同学可能已经发现句 1 中的直接引语在变成句 2 中的间接引语时某些成分已经发生了变化 如 I 变成了 she am 变成了 was tomorrow 则变成了 the next day 在日常交际中 当我们需要在这 两种引语之间转换时 究竟有什么规律可循呢 首先 如果直接引语为陈述句 疑问句 变为间接引语时 就成为一个宾语从句 所以自然要符 合宾语从句的语法要求 从句的一些共性特点是 一 陈述语序 二 恰当的连接词 三 时态要求 除此之外 直接引语变为间接引语仍有一些具体的语法要求 以下结合实例逐一解析 一 人称的变化 将直接引语变为间接引语时 一定要注意人称的变化 否则会使整个句子意思混乱 观察下列几 组句子中人称的变化 注意其变化规律 1 She said My friends want to visit me She said her friends wanted to visit her 2 He said to Kate How is your work now He asked Kate how her work was then 3 Tom said You d better carry an umbrella just in case Mary Tom said that Mary had better carry an umbrella just in case 4 Mr Smith said Jack is a good worker Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker 自我归纳 人称变化须牢记 从一随主 从二随宾 从三人称不更新 从一随主 是指如果直接引语中的主语是第一人称时 从句中的人称变化要随主句中 的 人称变化 如第 1 组例句 从二随宾 是指如果直接引语中的主语是第二人称时 从句中的人称变化要与主句中的 一致 如第 2 组例句 如果主句没有宾语 则需观察主句主语的交际对象 如第 3 组例句 此句中 Tom 的说话对象为 故间接引语中的主语变化为 Mary 从三人称不更新 是指如果直接引语中的主语及宾语是第三人称时 从句中的人称一般 如第 4 组例句 二 时态的变化 直接引语变为间接引语时 从句的谓语动词在时态上要做相应的变化 具体变化如下 用心 爱心 专心2 直接引语间接引语 一般现在时一般过去时 一般将来时过去将来时 现在进行时过去进行时 现在完成时过去完成时 一般过去时过去完成时 过去完成时过去完成时 即学即练 根据以上原则完成下列句子 1 She said I have lost my bike She said she her bike 2 She said We hope so She said they so 3 He said She will go to see her friend He said she to see her friend 注意 在以下几种情况下 直接引语变为间接引语时 时态不变化 1 直接引语是客观事实 科学真理及名言警句时 如 The teacher said to us Light travels much faster than sound The teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound 2 直接引语是过去进行时 时态不变 如 Mother said John what were you doing at 8 o clock last night Mother asked John what he was doing at 8 o clock the night before 3 如果直接引语中的情态动词无过去式 如 ought to had better used to 或已经是过去 式 如 could should would might 时 则不再变化 如 He said You should come here earlier tomorrow He said I should go there earlier the next day 4 如一般过去时有表示具体时间的状语 也可以不变 如 She said I was born in 1995 She said that she was born in 1995 三 状语及其他成分的变化 直接引语变为间接引语时 时间状语和地点状语也要做相应的变化 如 now then today that day tonight that night yesterday the day before tomorrow the next day last month the month before 等 地点状语 here there 指示代词 this that these those 动词 come go bring take 等 注意 以上这些变化要视情况而定 不能死搬教条 如果转述就在当天当地则不需要进行时间及 地点的转换 用心 爱心 专心3 四 句型的变化 观察下列几组句子中直接引语和间接引语的转换中句型的变化规律 并试着总结归纳 1 She said Our train will leave in several minutes She said that their train would leave in several minutes 2 He said Can you dance Ted He asked Ted whether if he could dance 3 You have tidied your room haven t you my mother asked My mother asked me whether I had tidied my room 4 She asked me When will you start She asked me when I would start 自我归纳 1 直接引语如果是陈述句 间接引语应改为由 可省略 引导的宾语从句 2 直接引语如果是反意疑问句或一般疑问句 间接引语应改为由 引导的宾语从句 3 直接引语如果是特殊疑问句 间接引语应改为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句 即学即练 阅读下列几组直接引语变为间接引语的句子 判断其正 T 误 F 并改正其中的错误 1 What did you do yesterday Jenny said the mother The mother asked Jenny what she had done the day before 2 The little kid said How can I get that toy The little kid asked how could he get that toy 3 He said The Olympic Games are held every four years He said that the Olympic Games were hel