外文翻译 - 学生信息管理系统的设计与发展

0外文原文TheDesignandDevelopmentoftheStudentsInformationManagementSystemAsinformationtechnologyadvances,variousmanagementsystemshaveemergedtochangethedailylivesofthemorecoherent,totheextentpossible,theuseofnetworkresourcescanbesignificantlyreasonablereductionofmanualmanagementinconvenienceandwasteoftime.Acceleratingthemodernizationofthe21stcentury,thecontinuousimprovementofthescientificandculturallevels,therapidgrowthofthenumberofstudentswillinevitablyincreasethepressureinformationmanagementstudents,theinefficientmanualretrievalcompletelyincompatiblewiththecommunitysneeds.TheStudentInformationManagementSystemisaninformationmanagementonekindwithinsystem,currentlyinformationtechniquecontinuouslyofdevelopment,thenetworktechniquehasalreadybeenappliedinusextensivelynearbyofeverytrade,thereisthenetworktechnicaldevelopment,eachhighschoolsallmakeuseofacalculatortomanagetodotolearn,theschoolisoperatedbyhandicraftbeforeofthewholetediousaffairsallgotfastandsolvehigh-efficiencily,especiallystudentresultmanagementthesystemhadintheschoolverybigfunction,allcanbemoreconvenient,fastforthestudentandtheteachercomingsayingandunderstandaccuratelywithmanagementeveryonenoodlesinformation.AbstractItisaveryheavyandbaldnessjobofmanagingabulkydatabasebymanpower.Thedisadvantage,suchasgreatcapacityofwork,lowefficiencyandlongperiod,existindatainputting,demandingandmodification.Sothecomputermanagementsystemwillbringusaquitechange.Becausetherearesomanystudentsintheschool,thedataofstudentsinformationishuge,itmakesthemanagementoftheinformationbecomeacomplicatedandtediouswork.Thissystemaimsattheschool,passingbypracticallyofdemandanalysis,adoptmightyVB6.0todevelopthestudentinformationmanagementsystem.Thewholesystemdesignprocessfollowtheprincipleofsimpleoperation,beautifulandvividinterfaceandpracticalrequest.Thestudentinformationmanagementsystem1includingthefunctionofsystemmanagement,basicinformationmanagement,studymanagement,prizeandpunishmentmanagement,printstatementandsoon.Throughtheproofofusing,thestudentinformationmanagementsystemwhichthistextdesignedcansatisfytheschooltomanagethedemandoftheaspecttostudentsinformation.Thethesisintroducedthebackgroundofdevelopment,thefunctionsdemandedandtheprocessofdesign.Thethesismainlyexplainedthepointofthesystemdesign,thethoughtofdesign,thedifficulttechniqueandthesolutions.Thestudentmanagedthecreationofthesystemtoreducetheinconvenienceonthemanpowerconsumedly,letthewholestudentthedatamanagementismoresciencereasonable.Theplacethatthissystemhasmostthespecialfeaturesisthebackstagedatabasetounifythemanagementtostudentsinformation.Thatsystemmainlyisdividedintothesystemmanagement,studentprofessionmanagement,studentfilemanagement,schoolfeesmanagement,coursemanagement,resultmanagementandprintthestatement.Theinterfaceofthesystemistomakeuseofthevbsoftwarecreationof,abovefewmoldspiecesareallmakeuseofthevbtocontrolathepiecebindstosettleofmethodtocarryouttheconjunctiontowardthebackstagedatabase,thebackstagedatabaseprobablyisdividedintofollowingfewformses:Professionalinformationform,thechargescategoryform,studentthejobform,studenttheinformationform,politicalfeatureformofstudent,thecustomerlogsontheformThesystemusedClient/Serverstructuredesign,thesystemisinthedatafromoneserverandanumberofTaiwanformedLANworkstations.Userscancheckthecompetenceofdifferentsystemsindifferentuserssubmitpersonaldata,backgrounddatabaseyoucanquicklygiventhemandatetoseetothecontent.Marksmanagementisaimportantworkofschool,theoriginalmanualmanagementhavemanyinsufficiencies,thereasonsthat,studentspopulationaremultitudinousinschool,andeachstudentsinformationaretoocomplex,thustheworkloadareextremelybig,thestatisticsandtheinquiryhavebeeninconvenient.Therefore,howtosolvetheseinsufficiencies,letthemarksmanagementtobemoreconvenientandquickly,haveahigherefficiency,andbecomeakeyquestion.Moreandmorearealsourgentalongwithschoolautomationthemarksmanagementwhenscienceandtechnologyrapiddevelopment,thereforeisessentialtodevelopthesoftwaresystemofmarksregistertoassisttheschoolteachingmanagement.Sothatcan2improvethemarksmanagement,enhancetheefficiencyofmanagement.SystemsAnalysisandDesignSystemsWorkingundercontrolofastoredprogram,acomputerprocessesdataintoinformation.Thinkaboutthatdefinitionforaminute.Anygivencomputerapplicationinvolvesatleastthreecomponents:hardware,software,anddata.Merelywritingaprogramisntenough,becausetheprogramisbutonecomponentisinasystem.Asystemisagroupofcomponentsthatworktogethertoaccomplishanobjective.Forexample,considerapayrollsystem.Itsobjectiveispayingemployees.Whatcomponentsareinvolved?Eachday,employeesrecordtheirhoursworkedontimecards.Attheendofeachweek,thetimecardsarecollectedanddeliveredtothecomputercenter,wheretheyarereadintoapayrollprogram.Asitruns,theprogramaccessesdatafiles.Finally,thepaychecksareprintedanddistributed.Forthesystemtowork,people,procedures,inputandoutputmedia,files,hardware,andsoftwaremustbecarefullycoordinated.Notethattheprogramisbutonecomponentinasystem.SystemsAnalysisComputer-basedsystemsaredevelopedbecausepeopleneedinformation.Thosepeople,calledusers,generallyknowwhatisrequired,butmaylacktheexpertisetoobtainit.Technicalprofessionals,suchasprogrammers,havetheexpertise,butmaylacktrainingintheusersfield.Tocomplicatematters,usersandprogrammersoftenseemtospeakdifferentlanguages,leadingtocommunicationproblems.Asystemsanalystisaprofessionalwhotranslatesuserneedsintotechnicalterms,thusservingasabridgebetweenusersandtechnicalprofessionals.Likeanengineeroranarchitect,asystemsanalystsolvesproblemsbycombiningsolidtechnicalskillswithinsight,imagination,andatouchofart.Generally,theanalystfollowsawell-defined,methodicalprocessthatincludesatleastthefollowingsteps:ProblemdefinitionAnalysisDesignImplementationMaintenance3Attheendofeachstep,resultsaredocumentedandsharedwithboththeuserandtheprogrammers.Theideaistocatchandcorrecterrorsandmisunderstandingsasearlyaspossible.Perhapsthebestwaytoillustratetheprocessisthroughexample.Pictureasmallclothingstorethatpurchasesmerchandiseatwholesale,displaysthisstock,andsellsittocustomersatretail.Ontheonehand,toomuch:stockrepresentsanunnecessaryexpense.Ontheotherhand,apoorselectiondiscouragesshoppers.Ideally,abalancecanbeachieved:enough,butnottoomuch.Complicatingmattersisthefactthatinventoryisconstantlychanging,withcustomerpurchasesdepletingstock,andreturnsandreordersaddingtoit.Theownerwouldliketotrackinventorylevelsandreorderanygivenitemjustbeforethestorerunsout.Forasingleitem,thetaskiseasy-justcountthestock-on-hand.Unfortunately,thestorehashundredsofdifferentitems,andkeepingtrackofeachoneisimpractical.Perhapsacomputermighthelp.ProblemDefinitionThefirststepinthesystemsanalysisanddesignprocessisproblemdefinition.Theanalystsobjectiveisdeterminingwhattheuserneeds.Notethat,astheprocessbegins,theuserpossessesthecriticalinformation,andtheanalystmustlistenandlearn.Fewusersaretechnicalexperts.Mostseethecomputerasa“magicbox,”andarenotconcernedwithhowitworks.Atthisstage,theanalysthasnobusinesseventhinkingaboutprograms,files,andcomputerhardware,butmustcommunicatewiththeuseronhisorherownterms.Theideaistoensurethatboththeuserandtheanalystarethinkingaboutthesamething.Thus,aclear,writtenstatementexpressingtheanalystsunderstandingoftheproblemisessential.Theusershouldreviewandcorrectthiswrittenstatement.Thetimetocatchmisunderstandingsandoversightsisnow,beforetime,money,andeffortarewasted.Often,followingapreliminaryproblemdefinition,theanalystperformsafeasibilitystudy.Thestudy,abriefcapsuleversionoftheentiresystemsanalysisanddesignprocess,attemptstoanswerthreequestions:1.Cantheproblembesolved?2.Canitbesolvedintheusersenvironment?3.Canitbesolvedatareasonablecost?Iftheanswertoanyoneofthesequestionsisno,thesystemshouldnotbedeveloped.Givenagoodproblemdefinitionandapositivefeasibilitystudy,theanalystcanturnto4planninganddevelopingaproblemsolution.AnalysisAsanalysisbegins,theanalystunderstandstheproblem.Thenextstepisdeterminingwhatmustbedonetosolveit.Theuserknowswhatmustbedone;duringanalysis,thisknowledgeisextractedandformallydocumented.Mostusersthinkintermsofthefunctionstobeperformedandthedataelementstobemanipulated.Theobjectiveistoidentifyandlinkthesekeyfunctionsanddataelements,yieldingalogicalsystemdesign.Startwiththesystemsbasicfunctions.Thekeyiskeepingtrackofthestock-on-handforeachproductininventory.Inventorychangesbecausecustomerspurchase,exchange,andreturnproducts,sothesystemwillhavetoprocesscustomertransactions.Thestoresownerwantstoselectivelylookattheinventorylevelforanyproductinshortsupplyand,ifappropriate,orderreplacementstock,sothesystemmustbeabletocommunicatewithmanagement.Finally,followingmanagementauthorization,thesystemshouldgenerateareorderreadytosendtoasupplier.Giventhesystemsbasicfunctions,theanalystsnexttaskisgainingasenseoftheirlogicalrelation.Agoodwaytostartisbydescribinghowdataflowbetweenthefunctions.Asthenameimplies,dataflowdiagramsareparticularlyusefulforgraphicallydescribingthesedataflows.Foursymbolsareused.Datasourcesanddestinationsarerepresentedbysquares;inputdataenterthesystemformasource,andoutputdataflowtoadestination.Onceinthesystem,thedataaremanipulatedorchangedbyprocesses,representedbyround-cornerrectangles.Aprocessmightbeaprogram,aprocedure,oranythingelsethatchangesormovesdata.Datacanbeheldforlaterprocessingindatastores,symbolizedbyopen-endedrectangles.Adatastoremightbeadiskfile,atapefile,adatabase,writtennotes,orevenapersonsmemory.Finally,dataflowbetweensources,destinations,processes,anddatastoresoverdataflows,whicharerepresentedbyarrows.Preliminarydataflowdiagramfortheinventorysystem.StartaCUSTOMER.Transactionsflowfromacustomerintothesystem,wheretheyarehandledbyProcesstransaction.Adatastore,theSTOCK,holdsdataoneachitemininventory.Processtransactionchangesthedatatoreflectthenewtransaction.Meanwhile,MANAGEMENTaccessesthesystemthroughCommunicate,evaluatingthedatainSTOCKand,ifnecessary,requestingarecorder.Onceareorderisauthorized,GeneratereordersendsnecessarydatatotheSUPPLIER,whoshipstheitemstothestore.Notethat,becausethereorder5representsachangeintheinventorylevelofaparticularproductorproducts,itishandledasatransaction.Thedataflowdiagramdescribesthelogicalsystem.Thenextstepistracingthedataflow.StartwiththedestinationSUPPLIER.Reordersflowtosuppliers;forexample,thestoremightwant25pairsofjeans.Tofilltheorder,thesupplierneedstheproductdescriptionandthereorderquantity.Wheredothesedataelementscomefrom?SincetheyareoutputbyGeneratereorder,theymusteitherbeinputtoorgeneratedbythisprocess.DataflowintoGeneratereorderforSTOCK;thus,productandreorderquantitiesmustbestoredinSTOCK.Otherdataelements,suchaspurchasedandthepurchasequantity,aregeneratedbyCUSTOMER.Stillothers,forexamplesellingpriceandreorderpoint,aregeneratedbyorneededbyMANAGEMENT.Thecurrentstockon-handforagivenitemisanexampleofadataelementgeneratedbyanalgorithminoneoftheprocedures.Stepbystep,methodically,theanalystidentifiesthedataelementstobeinputto,storedby,manipulatedby,generatedby,oroutputbythesystem.Tokeeptrackofthedataelements,theanalystmightlisteachoneinadatadictionary.Asimpledatadictionarycanbesetuponindexcards,butcomputerizeddatadictionarieshavebecomeincreasinglypopular.Thedatadictionary,acollectionofdatadescribinganddefiningthedata,isusefulthroughoutthesystemsanalysisanddesignprocess,andisoftenusedtobuildadatabaseduringtheimplementationstage.Theideaofanalysisistodefinethesystemsmajorfunctionsanddataelementsmethodically.Rememberthattheobjectiveistranslatinguserneedsintotechnicalterms.Sincethesystemstartswiththeuser,thefirststepisdefiningtheusersneeds.Usersthinkintermsoffunctionsanddata.Theydonotvisualizeprograms,orfiles,orhardware,andduringthisinitial,crucialanalysisstage,itisessentialthattheanalystthinklikeauser,notlikeaprogrammer.Dataflowdiagramsanddatadictionariesareusefultools.Theyprovideaformatforrecordingkeyinformationabouttheproposedsystem.Also,theyjogtheanalystsmemory;forexample,iftheanalystdoesnthavesufficientinformationtocompleteadatadictionaryentry,heorshehasprobablymissedsomething.Perhapsmostimportantly,thedataflowdiagramandthedatadictionarydocumenttheanalystsunderstandingofthesystemrequirements.Byreviewingthesedocuments,theusercancorrectmisunderstandingoroversights.Finally,theyrepresentanexcellentstartingpointforthenextstep,design.6DesignAsweenterthedesignstage,weknowwhatthesystemmustdo,andthuscanbeginthinkingabouthowtodoit.Theobjectiveistodevelopastrategyforsolvingtheproblem.Atthisstage,wearenotinterestedinwritingcodeorindefiningprecisedatastructures;instead,wewanttoidentify,atablackboxlevel,necessaryprograms,files,procedures,andothercomponents.Thedataflowdiagramdefinesthesystemsnecessaryfunctions;howmighttheybeimplemented?Onepossibilityiswritingoneprogramforeachprocess.Anotheriscombiningtwoormoreprocessesinasingleprogram;therearedozensofalternativesolutions.Letsfocusononeoptionanddocumentit.Asystemflowchartusessymbolstorepresentprograms,procedures,hardwaredevices,andtheothercomponentsofaphysicalsystem.Ourflowchartshowsthattransactiondataenterthesystemthroughaterminal,arestoredonaninventorybyadatacollectionprogram,andthenarestoredonaninventoryfile.Eventually,theinventoryfileisprocessedbyaReportandreorderprogram.Throughit,managementmanipulatesthedataandauthorizesreorders.Lookatthesystemflowchart.Itidentifiesseveralhardwarecomponents,includingacomputer,adiskdrive,adataentryterminal,aprinter,andadisplayterminal.Towprogramsareneeded:ProcesstransactionandReportandreorder.Inadditiontothehardwareandtheprograms,wellneeddatastructuresfortheinventoryfileandfordataflowsbetweentheI/Odevicesandthesoftware.Notethatsystemflowchartillustratesonepossiblesolution;agoodanalystwilldevelopseveralfeasiblealternativesbeforechoosingone.Theflowchartmapsthesystem,highlightingitsmajorphysicalcomponents.Sincethedatalinkthecomponents,thenexttaskisdefiningthedatastructures.Consider,forexample,theinventoryfile.ItcontainsallthedataelementsfromthedatastoreSTOCK.Thedataelementsarelistedinthedatadictionary.Usingthem,thefilesdatastructurecanbeplanned.Howshouldthefilebeorganized?Thatdependsonhowitwillbeaccessed.Forexample,insomeapplications,dataareprocessedatregular,predictableintervals.Typically,thedataarecollectedovertimeandprocessedtogether,asabatch.Ifbatchprocessingisacceptable,asequentialfileorganizationisprobablybest.7Itisnotalwayspossibletowaituntilabatchoftransactionsiscollected,however.Forexample,consideranairdefenseearlywarningsystem.Ifanunidentifiedaircraftisspotted,itmustbeidentifiedimmediately;theideaofwaitinguntil5:00p.mbecause“thatswhentheairdefenseprogramisrun”isabsurd.Instead,becauseoftheneedforquickresponse,eachtransactionmustbeprocessedasitoccurs.Generally,suchtransactionprocessingsystemscallfordirectaccessfile.Ourinventorysystemhastowprograms.Oneprocessestransactions.Adirectaccessinventoryfileseemsareasonablechoice.Theotherallowsmanagementtostudyinventorydataoccasionally;batchprocessingwouldcertainlydo.Shouldtheinventoryfilebeorganizedsequentiallyordirectly?Facedwithsuchachoice,agoodanalystconsidersbothoptions.Onepossiblesystemmightaccepttransactionsandprocessthemastheyoccur.Asanalternative,salesslipsmightbecollectedthroughoutthedayandprogramswoulddealwithdirectaccessfiles;inthesecondsystem,theywouldbelinkedtosequentialfiles.Aprogramtoprocessdirectaccessdataisdifferentfromaprogramtoprocesssequentialdata.Thedatadrivethesystem.Thechoiceofadatastructuredeterminestheprogramsstructure.Notethattheprogramisdefinedandplannedinthecontextofthesystem.ImplementationOncethesystemsmajorcomponentshavebeenidentified,wecanbegintodevelopthem.Oursystemincludestwoprograms,severalpiecesofequipment,andanumberofdatastructures.Duringimplementation,eachprogramisplannedandwrittenusingthetechniquesdescribedinChapter7.Filesarecreated,andtheircontentschecked.Newhardwareispurchased,installed,andtested.Additionally,operatingproceduresarewrittenandevaluated.Onceallthecomponentpartsareready,thesystemistested.Assumingtheuserissatisfied,thefinishedsystemisreleased.SummaryAsystemisacollectionofhardware,software,data,andproceduralcomponentsthatworktogethertoaccomplishanobjective.Aprogramisbutonecomponentinasystem.Systemareplannedanddesignedbysystemanalystswhogenerallyfollowawell-defined,methodicalprocess.Thefirststepintheprocessisproblemdefinition,whentheanalystattemptstodiscoverexactlywhattheuserneeds.Often,followingapreliminaryproblem8definition,afeasibilitystudyisconductedtodetermineiftheproblemcanbesolved.Givenaclearproblemdefinition,analysisbegins.Duringthisstage,theanalystdevelopsalogicalmodelofthesystem.Keyfunctionsarelinkedthroughadataflowdiagram.Usingthediagramasatool,thedataflowsaretraced,andthesystemsdataelementsareidentifiedandrecordedinadatadictionary.Afterthelogicalsystemisreviewedwiththeuser,designbegins.Duringdesign,theanalystdevelopsamodelofthephysicalsystem.Asystemflowchartcanbeusedtomapthesystem,definingeachphysicalcomponentasasymbol.Agoodsystemsanalystconsidersanumberofalternativesolutionstotheproblembeforesettlingonone.Implementationfollowsdesign.Programsareplannedandwritten;hardwareisorderedandinstalled;proceduresarewritten;filesanddatabasesareinitialized;and,finally,thepiecesareassembledandtested.Followingreleaseofthesystem,maintenancebegins.9外文翻译学生信息管理系统的设计与发展随着信息技术的日新月异,各种管理系统的相继出现,让日常生活变的更加具有条理化,尽可能的合理的运用网络资源可以大大的减少人工管理上带来的不便及时间的浪费.二十一世纪现代化程度的不断加速,科学文化水平的不断提高,学生数量的急剧增长，势必增加了管理学生信息带来的压力，人工检索的低效完全不符合整个社会的需要.学生信息管理系统是信息管理系统中的一种，目前信息技术不断的发展，网络技术已经广泛的应用于我们身边的各行各业，有了网络技术的发展，各高校都利用计算机来管理办学，以前学校靠手工操作的一切繁琐事情都得到了快速且高效率的解决，特别是学生成绩管理系统在学校中起到了很大的作用，对于学生和教师来说都能够更方便、快捷、准确地了解和管理各方面信息。采用人工管理庞大的数据库是一项繁重枯燥的工作，无论是数据录入，查询还是修改都存在着工作量大，效率低下，周期长的缺点。而计算机管理系统的引进将给人工管理数据库的工作带来一次彻底的变革。学校由于学生众多，学生数据信息库庞大，使信息的管理成为了一个复杂繁琐的工作。本系统针对学校,经过实际的需求分析，采用功能强大的VB6.0作为开发工具来开发学生信息管理系统。整个系统从符合操作简便，界面美观、灵活、实用的要求出发，完成学生信息管理的全过程，包括系统管理、基本信息管理、学习管理、奖惩管理和打印报表等功能。经过使用证明，本文所设计的学生信息管理系统可以满足学校对学生信息管理方面的需要。论文主要介绍了本课题的开发背景，所要完成的功能和开发的过程。重点的说明了系统设计的重点、开发设计思想、难点技术和解决方案。学生管理系统的产生大大减少了人力上的不便，让整个学生数据管理更加科学合理。本系统最有特色的地方就是后台数据库对学生信息的统一管理。该系统主要分为系统管理，学生专业管理，学生档案管理，学费管理，课程管理，成绩管理和打印报表。系统的界面是运用vb软件制作的，以上几个模块都是运用vb控件绑定的方法来实现对后台数据库的连接，后台数据库大概分为以下几个表：专业信息表，收费类别表，学生职务表，学生信息表，学生政治面貌表，用