英语翻译基础 汉语写作百科知识 翻译硕士英语考研真.doc

爱考机构考研高端保过辅导培训 010-512833402013上海师范大学英语笔译 英语翻译基础 汉语写作百科知识 翻译硕士英语考研真题汉语写作百科知识名词解释（25*2）1 因材施教2 天行健，君子以自强不息3 国学4 软实力5 人类非物质文化遗产名录6 文艺复兴7 启蒙运动8 工业革命9 同盟国10联合国11四大使命12丝绸之路13兼爱14四大名著15韬光养晦16冷战17黄帝陵18狂人日记19殷墟20盘古应用文写作（40）美文杂志社举办“青年杯”大学生作文大赛，要求你写一篇征文启事，启示项目要写清楚，语言简洁，有号召力，450字左右。 作文（60）子曰:“弟子,入则孝,出则悌,谨而信,泛爱众,而亲仁。行有馀力,则以学文。” （孔子说：“诸位！进家要孝顺父母，出外要顺从兄长，行为时常谨慎、守信，博爱大众，而亲近仁者。工作之余，则可研习六艺之文。”）根据这段话写一篇读后感，800字左右。翻译硕士英语60道选择题，每题0.5分。分为三个部分，vocabulary（20） grammar（20）Error Correction（20）这部分很简单，很基础，比如prefer的用法什么的（简单吧）。阅读（前四篇是选择题20道，第五篇是简答题5道）A.（用了些功夫从网上找到了全文，试卷上没有那些中文哦）How Animals Keep Warm Man has invented ways to keep warm, but how do animals defend themselves? They cannot reason in the sense that man can, but nature has taken care of the animal kingdom by providing animals with special instincts （本能）. One of these instincts is known as hibernation （冬眠）. Sleeping like a dormouse （榛睡鼠） is not only a common saying but is a reality. When winter comes, the dormouse and other hibernating animals have reached a well-nourished state. They eat very well in warmer days laying down fat in the tissues of their bodies and during hibernation this keeps them alive. Safe in their nests, or burrows （地洞）, they sleep soundly until the warmth of spring arrives. Bats, tortoises, snakes, frogs, even insects like butterflies, hibernate more or less completely. Some, like the squirrels （松鼠）, sleep during coldest weather but are roused （弄醒） by a warm spell （暖流）. During hibernation, the temperature of an animals body drops drastically. Breathing and heart-beats almost cease. Another instinctive method of avoiding intense cold is to escape by means of migration. Wild swans, seagulls, swallows and cuckoos are a few of the very many kinds of birds which fly thousands of miles, twice a year, to avoid cold. Many animals, especially those of the Arctic regions, have summer and winter quarters. The Arctic deer of North America, as well as the reindeer （驯鹿） of Europe, move southward towards the forests when winter approaches. They return to the northern area when the warmth of spring begins to be sensed. There are animals which do not attempt to leave at the first sign of winter cold. Their instinctive means of defense is to dig out a deep burrow, made it soft and warm by padding （填塞） out with straw, leaves, moss and fur. In it they have a secret place containing food which they hope will last the winter through! Animals which fall into this class include the Arctic fox, the rabbit and the little field-mouse. 1 How does the dormouse defend itself against cold in winter? A It moves about to keep warm, B It grows thicker fur. C It stores fat before hibernation. D It goes to warmer areas. 2 Sleeping like a dormouse most probably means A sleeping longer on cold days. B sleeping badly. C sleeping with a lower heartbeat rate. D sleeping with little breathing. 3 During hibernation, animals breathe A normally. B at a slower rate. C at a faster rate. D irregularly. 4 According to the passage, migration （paragraph 4） means A moving from one place to another at a particular time of the year. B living in burrows in winter. C traveling in the winter months. D visiting foreign countries. 5 How does the Arctic fox survive in winter? A It leaves its burrow and migrates to a warmer land. B It sleeps soundly inside its burrow in winter. C It lives on rabbits or field mice. D It stays in its burrow and lives on the food stored there. B.关于美国的退休人员，在网上没有找到。大概意思是，美国退休的人大都分布在佛罗里达等州，具体在佛罗里达的某市某市。退休人口占当地人口比重很大，这样的聚*阻碍当地经济的发展。C.也没找到。关于applied linguistics D.(选自2005年6级英语)Too many vulnerable child-free adults are being ruthlessly(无情的)manipulated into parent-hood by their parents , who think that happiness among older people depends on having a grand-child to spoil. We need an organization to help beat down the persistent campaigns of grandchildless parents. Its time to establish Planned Grandparenthood, which would have many global and local benefits.Part of its mission would be to promote the risks and realities associated with being a grandparent. The staff would include depressed grandparents who would explain how grandkids break lamps, bite, scream and kick. Others would detail how an hour of baby-sitting often turns into a crying marathon. More grandparents would testify that they had to pay for their grandchilds expensive college education.Planned grandparenthoods carefully written literature would detail all the joys of life grand-child-free a calm living room, extra money for luxuries during the golden years, etc. Potential grandparents would be reminded that, without grandchildren around, its possible to have a conversation with your kids, who-incidentally-would have more time for their own parents .Meanwhile, most children are vulnerable to the enormous influence exerted by grandchildless parents aiming to persuade their kids to produce children . They will take a call from a persistent parent, even if theyre loaded with works. In addition, some parents make handsome money offers payable upon the grandchilds birth. Sometimes these gifts not only cover expenses associated with the infants birth, but extras, too, like a vacation. In any case, cash gifts can weaken the resolve of even the noblest person.At Planned Grandparenthood, children targeted by their parents to reproduce could obtain non-biased information about the insanity of having their own kids. The catastrophic psychological and economic costs of childbearing would be emphasized. The symptoms of morning sickness would be listed and horrors of childbirth pictured. A monthly newsletter would contain stories about overwhelmed parents and offer guidance on how childless adults can respond to the different lobbying tactics that would-be grandparents employ.When I think about all the problems of our overpopulated world and look at our boy grabbing at the lamp by the sofa, I wish I could have turned to Planned Grandparenthood when my parents were putting the grandchild squeeze on me.If I could have, I might not be in this parenthood predicament( 窘境) . But heres the crazy irony, I dont want my child-free life back . Dylans too much fun.31. Whats the purpose of the proposed organization Planned Grandparenthood?A)To discourage people from insisting on having grandchildren.B) To offer counseling to people on how to raise grandchildren.C)To provide facilities and services for grandchildless parents.D) to encourage childless couples to have children32. Planned Grandparenthood would include depressed grandparents on its staff in order to_.A) share their experience in raising grandchildren in a more scientific wayB) draw attention to the troubles and difficulties grandchildren may causeC) help raise funds to cover the high expense of education for grandchildrenD) show them the joys of life grandparents may have in raising grandchildren33. According to the passage, some couples may eventually choose to have children because_.A) they have learn from other parents about the joys of having childrenB) they feel more and more lonely ad they grow olderC) they have found it irrational to remain childlessD) they find it hard to resist the carrot-and-stick approach of their parents34.By saying “ my parents were putting the grandchild squeeze on me” (Line 2-3,Para. 6), theauthor means that _.A) her parents asked her to save for the expenses of raising a childB) her parents kept pressuring her to have a childC) her parents liked to have a grandchild in their armsD) her parents kept blaming her for her childs bad behavior35.What does the author really of the idea of having children?A) It contributes to overpopulation. It does more harm than good.B) It is a psychological catastropheC) It is troublesome but rewarding.D) It does more harm than good. D.关于movie violence，简答题型的阅读，不难。文中提及Saving Private Ryan和Steven Spielberg，认为暴力场景应有原因，反对毫无理由的暴力镜头。作文两篇。第一篇（15分）stay the same or change 160200字第二篇是图表作文 （这个表可以再网上找到）The charts below give information about USA marriage and divorce rates between 1970 and 2000, and the marital status of adult America in two of the years.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparison where relevant.英语翻译基础词汇短语互译（30*1）15个英译汉 15个汉译英 （我只把我感觉没写对的记下了 其他的很简单像WHO这样的）1 improve the mechanism for training talents2 client project manager3 transnational compangy4 transfer of technology5 reduce comsumption of raw materialresource1 服务种类2 消除贫困3 多元化融合4 天人合一5 享有平等环境权利6 资源调配7 转变发展方式8 实现又好又快发展9 房地产市场10大力发展11一个中心两个基本点12社会事业13人民政协英译汉（2篇60分）第一篇There is a strong view that holds that success is a myth, and ambition therefore a sham. Does this mean that success does not really exist? That achievement is at bottom empty? That the efforts of men and women are of no significance alongside the force of movements and events now not all success, obviously, is worth esteeming, nor all ambition worth cultivating. Which are and which are not is something one soon enough learns on ones own. But even the most cynical secretly admit that success exists; that achievement counts for a great deal; and that the true myth is that the actions of men and women are useless. To believe otherwise is to take on a point of view that is likely to be deranging. It is, in its implications, to remove all motives for competence, interest in attainment, and regard for posterity.（网上参考译文）有一种盛行的观点认为，成功是一种神话，因此抱负亦属虚幻。这是不是说实际上并不丰在成功？成就本身就是一场空？与诸多运动和事件的力量相比，男男女女的努力显得微不足？显然，并非所有的成功都值得景仰，也并非所有的抱负都值得追求。对值得和不值得的选择，一个人自然而然很快就能学会。但即使是最为愤世嫉俗的人暗地里也承认，成功确实存在，成就的意义举足轻重，而把世上男男女女的所作所为说成是徒劳无功才是真正的无稽之谈。认为成功不存在的观点很可能造成混乱。这种观点的本意是一笔勾销所有提高能力的动机，求取业绩的兴趣和对子孙后代的关注。第二篇Many intelligent people still equate happiness with fun. The truth is that fun and happiness have little or nothing in common. Fun is what we experience during an act. Happiness is what we experience after an act. It is a deeper, more abiding emotion. Going to an amusement park or ball game, watching a movie or television, are fun activities that help us relax, temporarily forget our problems and maybe even laugh. But they do not bring happiness, because their positive effects end when the fun ends. I have often thought that if Hollywood stars have a role to play, it is to teach us that happiness has nothing to do with fun. These rich, beautiful individuals have constant access to glamorous parties, fancy cars, expensive homes, everything that spells happiness. But in memoir after memoir, celebrities reveal the unhappiness hidden beneath all their fun: depression, alcoholism, drug addiction, broken marriages, troubled children, profound loneliness. 汉译英（2篇60分）第一篇：独立自主、自力更生，同学习外国，吸收世界文明的成果，是相互结合、相辅相成的。中华民族的先人们早就懂得这个道理。中国的汉唐时代，都曾在这方面留下了宝贵的历史经验，当时既是中国自强不息地发展自己的昌盛时期，也是积极开展对外交流，广泛吸收外来进步文化的时期。新中国成立后，中国人民坚持走自己的路，进行经济政治文化建设，把祖国建设成为一个初步繁荣昌盛的社会主义国家。同时，积极吸收和借鉴世界一切先进的文明成果，这些文明成果对于中国的发展也起了重要的促进作用。当然，这种对外国文明的吸收和借鉴决不能是简单的模仿。中国既不能照抄西方资本主义国家的发展模式，也不能硬搬其他国家建设社会主义的模式，而必须走适合自己国情的发展道路。这就是我们通过自己的长期实践终于找到的建设有中国特色社会主义的道路。中国人民将坚定不移地沿着这条道路走下去。 Independence and self-reliance should not rule out learning from other countries and drawing upon the fruits of world civilization. The two are complementary to each other. Our ancestors came to know this a long time ago. In this respect, we have valuable historical experience from the Han and Tang Dynasties. Those were periods of prosperity when China strove to develop itself on its own, and also periods when it learned extensively from foreign advanced cultures in the process of actively conducting external exchanges. Since the founding of New China, we Chinese people have persevered in taking our own road and engaging in the economic, political and cultural undertakings and turning our motherland into a socialist country with initial prosperity. Meanwhile, we have earnestly absorbed and drawn upon fruits of advanced world civilization, which in turn have greatly promoted the development of China. However, it must be pointed out that the absorption and learning process is by no means one of simple imitation. China cannot copy the development model of Western capitalist countries, nor can it mechanically follow other countries models of building socialism. On the contrary, it must take a road to development that is suited to its national conditions. That is, the road to building socialism with Chinese characteristics, which we have found through long-term practice. The Chinese people will move forward unswervingly along this road.第二篇是关于“龙”的，在网上没有找到。大概是说龙是中华民族的精神象征，中华儿女是龙的传人。较上一篇简单。（15分）爱考机构是全国最早最专业的高端考研辅导机构之一，爱考机构专注提高学员考研应试的竞争力，同时致力于量身打造适合考生情况的个性化辅导模式，以提高学员的通过率。 爱考机构()的培训课程和服务范围广阔，从考研公共课考研专业课到与考研相关的心理服务；从北京地区高校到各地重点高校；从适合成绩优秀同学选择的小班课程到适合基础薄弱跨校跨专业同学选择的一对一辅导；爱考学员遍及中国多个大中城市，爱考机构标准化的高端应试课程体系已成为考研培训领域的模板。爱考机构考研辅导体系主要包含考研精品小班辅导、壹计划定制辅导、金榜集训保过班、状元保录特训营、至尊全科一对一保录取计划等，在爱考机构参加辅导的学员有超过70%考入北京大学、清华大学、中国人民大学、中央财经大学、对外经贸大学、中国传媒大学和北京师范大学等全国知名高校。爱考机构 课程体系：一、精品小班辅导：爱考机构考研公共课和专业课全年分三期举办，为保证授课质量，每班限招2030人。1）基础班： 爱考机构在每年的暑假举办，辅导方式为面授，授课内容为：基础详解，建