中考英语复习讲义第20章主谓一致.doc

中考英语复习讲义第20章主谓一致 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则:语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。对于主谓一致的考查，主要集中在单项选择、完形填空、汉译英及其它类型的填空题中。在学习过程中，要掌握主谓一致的基本用法及常见搭配。内容导视知识点1主谓一致的三原则知识点2谓语动词使用单数知识点3谓语动词使用复数知识点4其他情况知识详单知识点1主谓一致的三原则语法一致含义指的是主语为单数形式时，谓语动词使用单数形式，主语如果为复数形式，那么谓语动词也使用复数形式例句Tom is a good student.汤姆是个好学生。They often play football on the playground.他们经常在操场上踢足球。意义一致含义又称为概念一致原则，指的是谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的其体意义，而不取决于表面上的语法联系例句My family are having lunch now.我们一家人现在正吃午饭。Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book.这本书20美元太贵了。就近一致含义又称为近邻一致原则，指的是主语由两个或两个以上的名词或代词构成，谓语动词的单复数形式应与紧邻的名词或代词保持一致。例句Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生There is a pen and some books on the desk.课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。情况例句单数名词(代词) 、不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式Some water is in the bottle一些水在瓶子里。A ball is on the floor.地上有个球。many a+单数名词作主语，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式Many a student has been to Shanghai.许多学生到过上海。more than one+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数More than one student has ever been to Beijing.不止一个学生种经去过北京。【易错警示】“more+复教名词+ than one作主语时，诵语动词应使用复数形式。例如:More answers than one are to your question.你的问题答案不只一个。表示时间、价格、重量、数目、长度、数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式Two months is a long holiday.两个月是一个长假。Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy.对于一个男孩来说.三千美元是相当大的一笔钱。主语是each/every+单数名词+and ( each/every )+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数Each boy and each girl has got a seat。每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。one and a half+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式One and a half hours is enough.一个半小时足够。动词不定式、动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式To see is to believe.眼见为实。Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。a/an十单数名词+or two作主语，谓语动词用单数A student or two has failed the exam.一两个学生考试不及格。【易错警示】 one or two+名词复数”作主语，谓语动词用复数。例如:One or two students were cleaning the window yesterday afternoon.昨天下午有一两个学生在擦窗户。不定代词somebody, anything, everyone, nobody, no one等作主语，谓语动词用单数Is everyone here today.？今天大家到齐了吗?Something is wrong with him.他有毛病。each, either, neither, one, another, the other作主语或后跟名词单数作主语，谓语动词用单数Each of them has an Enhlish dictionary.他们每人都有一本英语词典。Every pupil is supposed to be in his classroom at 8 a. m.上午8点，每个学生都应当在教室里。以-s结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news, maths, physics等No news is good news.没有消息就是好消息。Physics is one of my favorite subjects.物理是我最喜欢的学科之一。情况例句复数名词(代词)作主语，谓语用复数形式The students are playing football on the playground.这些学生正在操场上踢足球。people，police, cattle等集体名词作主语people are the makers of history.人民是历史的创造者。police were very shocked by the robbery.警察对那起抢劫非常震惊。相当于名词的“the+形容词或过去分词作主语，表示人时Generally speaking, the blind have a keen touch. -般来说，盲人有敏锐的触觉。The unemployed usually leada hard life.失业者的生活一般很困难。【易错警示】 the +形容调成过去分词“作主语时，如果表示的是抽象概念，则谓语幼词应使用单数形式。例如:The beautiful is not always the good. 美的东西不都是好的东西。.both.and“连接并列主语Both New York and London have traffic problems.纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题Both my friend and I like thin type of smartphone very much.我的朋友和我都非常喜欢这种智能手机知识点4其他情况情况例句and连接并列主语时，谓语动词常常使用复数; 但是and连接的并列主语指同一人、同一物时，谓语使用单数那位作家兼教师来了(作家和教师指同一个人).作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)“单数名词或代词+名词或代词+but/besides/except/includind/like/with/along with/as well as /rather than/such as/together with+名词或代词作主语，谓语使用单数形式，如果之前的名词或代词是复数，则谓语使用复数Mike with his father has been to England.迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。Mike，like his brother，enjoys playing football.迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。“the number of+复数名词”作主语谓语用单数; “a(good/large) number of+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数The number of the students is over eight hundred.学生人数超过八百。A number of teachers are present today，and the number of them is 500.许多教师今天都出席了，有500人。由两个相同部分组成的一个整体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数，如chopsticks，glasses，shoes，socks，stockings, trousers，boots等。若此类名词被a kind of/a pair of修饰时，谓语动词用单数The scissors are on the shelf next to the cupboard.剪刀在橱柜旁边的架子上。A pair of glasses costs quite a lot these days. 近些天，眼镜的售价很高。当not only. but also.，not. but.，or，either. or.，neither. nor等连接并列主语时，以及在there be句型中，谓语动词的单复数形式采用就近一致原则Neither Jack and I have seen this film.杰克和我都没有看过这部电影Either you or he is to attend the meeting tomorrow.或者是你或者是他去参加明天的会议。某些集体名词，如class, club, family, team, group等，作主语时，谓语动词采用意义一致原则，即依据名词的具体含义来确定谓语动词的单复数形式The family are celebrating Thanksgiving in this picture.在这张相片里，全家人正在庆祝感恩节。【知识拓展】如果这一类集体名词作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词使用单数形式，如果这一类词指的是具体成员，则谓语动词应该使用复数形式。考点突破考点1 考察谓语动词使用单数的情况1.(黔南中考)-David has been away for more than 25 days. -I miss him very much. You know, 25 days_ short. A. is B. isnt C. are D. arent 【解析】选B,25 days作为一个整体，系动词耍用单教形式.故选B,2.(安顺中考)Look, the set of keys_ on the teachers desk. A. are B. were C. is D. was 【解析】选C, the set of keys的中心词是set，系动词用单数.句首为look,故用一般现在时。3.(黔东南中考) Climbing hills_ good for our health.A. are B. is C. was D. were【解析】选B。动名词短语作主语，谓语用单数形式。句子表述的是一般情况，要用一般现在时。4.(绥化中考)This pair of pants_ mine. You may_ on the bed A. is; be B. are; be C. are, are解析】选A。第一空所在句子主语为pair，为单数形式，故用is;第二空情态动词后用动词原形，故用be 一I together with my classmates_ going to climb Mount Qian.A. Is B. am C. are D. were【解析】选B, together with结构是伴随状语，谓语动词应与其前的主语保持一致，故用am。考点2考察谓语动词使用复数的情况6. (巴中中考)This pair of shoes_ me well, but the shoes_ expensive. A. fit; are B. fit