改革之后的四级题.doc

试卷结构测试内容测试题型分值比例考试时间写作写作短文写作查看样题15%30分钟听力理解听力对话短对话多项选择查看样题 答案8%30分钟长对话多项选择查看样题 答案7%听力短文短文理解多项选择查看样题 答案10%短文听写单词及词组听写查看样题 答案10%阅读理解词汇理解选词填空查看样题 答案5%40分钟长篇阅读匹配查看样题 答案10%仔细阅读多项选择查看样题 答案20%翻译汉译英段落翻译查看样题 答案15%30分钟总计100%130分仔细阅读(一)It is hard to predict howscience is going to turn out, and if it is really good science it is impossibleto predict. If the things to be found are actually new, they are by definitionunknown in advance. You cannot make choices in this matter. You either havescience or you dont, and if you have it you are obliged to accept thesurprising and disturbing pieces of information, along with the neat andpromptly useful bits.The only solid piece ofscientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundlyignorant about nature. Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery of the pasthundred years of biology. It is, in its way, an illuminating (启发) piece of news.It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment (启蒙运动) to be told byany of us how little we know and how bewildering (迷惑) seems the wayahead. It is this sudden confrontation (对抗) with the depth and scopeof ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of the 20th centuryscience to the human intellect. In earlier times, we either pretended tounderstand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up storiesto fill the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring in earnest, we are gettingglimpses of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered.Because of this, we are depressed. It is not so bad being ignorant if you aretotally ignorant; the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality ofignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not-so-bad spots, but no truelight at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted.But we are making abeginning, and there ought to be some satisfaction. There are probably noquestions we can think up that cant be answered, sooner or later, includingeven the matter of consciousness. To be sure, there may well be questions wecant think up, ever, and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, butthat is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our waythrough to all our answers, if we keep at it long enough, and pay attention.1. It can be inferred from the passage thatscientists of the 18th century .A) thought that they knew a great deal andcould solve most problems of scienceB) wereafraid of facing up to the realities of scientific researchC) knew thatthey were ignorant and wanted to know more about natureD) did moreharm than good in promoting mans understanding of nature2. According to the author, really good science_ .A) wouldsurprise the brightest minds of the 18th century EnlightenmentB) will produce results which cannot be foreseenC) will helppeople to make the right choice in advanceD) will bring about disturbing results3. Which of thefollowing statemcnts is NOT true of scientists in earlier times?A) Theyinvented false theories to explain things they didnt understand.B) Theyfalsely claimed to know all about nature.C) They didnot believe in results from scientific observation.D) They paidlittle attention to the problems they didnt understand.4. The authorbelieves that _ .A) man canfind solutions to whatever questions concerning nature he can think upB) man can not solve all the problems he canthink up because of the limits of human intellectC) sooner or later man canthink up all the questions concerning nature and answer themD)questions concerningconsciousness are outside the scope of scientific research5. What is theauthors attitude towards science?A) He isdepressed because of the ignorance of scientists.B) He isdoubtful because of the enormous difficulties confronting it.C) He is confidentthough he is aware of the enormous difficulties confronting it.D) He is delighted because of theilluminating scientific findings.1.A 推理题，答题依据在本文第2段前半部分。这一部分提到，我们对自然界所知甚少，作者认为这是过去一百年以来生物学的重大发现。从这一方面讲，这是一个具有启发意义的消息。如果18世纪最聪明的启蒙运动者被告知我们现在是多么无知，多么对人类的未来感到茫然，他一定会惊讶不已。由此可以推断，他们当时自认为所知很多，能够解决大部分的科学问题。2.B 推理题，答题依据在本文第1句：科学的前景如何?这个问题实难预测。如果是真正的科学，就不能进行预测。3.C 设题区在第2段后半部分。A、B、D项在该部分都有涉及，只有C项没有提到。4.A 推理题，依据见末段第2句：只要是人们能想到的问题，迟早都会得到解答。B项的意思是，由于人的智力有限，他并非能解决他能够想到的所有问题，这与原文意思不符。5.C 作者对科学所持的态度可以从本文最后两句看出来：虽然他意识到科学面临着巨大的困难，但还是很有信心。(二)I found out one time that doing a favor for someone could get you into a lot of trouble. I was in the eighth grade at the time, and we were having a final test. During the test, the girl sitting next to me whispered something, but I didnt understand. So I leaned over her way and found out that she was trying to ask me if I had an extra pen. She showed me that hers was out of ink and would not write. I happened to have an extra one, so I took it out of my pocket and put it on her desk.Later, after the test papers had been turned in, the teacher asked me to stay in the room when all the other students were dismissed(解散). As soon as we were alone she began to talk to me about what it meant to grow up; she talked about how important it was to stand on your own two feet and be responsible (负责任) for your own acts. For a long time, she talked about honesty and emphasized(强调) the fact that when people do something dishonest, they are really cheating(欺骗) themselves. She made me promise that I would think seriously(认真地) about all the things she had said, and then she told me I could leave. I walked out of the room wondering why she had chosen to talk to me about all those things.Later on, I found out that she thought I had cheated on the test. When she saw me lean over to talk to the girl next to me, it looked as if I was copying answers from the girls test paper. I tried to explain about the pen, but all she could say was it seemed very very strange to her that I hadnt talked of anything about the pen the day she talked to me right after the test. Even if I tried to explain that I was just doing the girl a favor by letting her use my pen, I am sure she continued(继续) to believe that I had cheated on the test1. The girl wanted to borrow a pen, because _ .A. she had not brought a pen with herB. she had lost her own on her way to schoolC. there was something wrong with her ownD. her own had been taken away by someone2. The story took place(发生) exactly _ .A. in the teachers officeB. in an exam roomC. in the schoolD. in the language lab3. The teacher saw all this, so she asked the boy _ .A. to go on writing his paperB. to stop whisperingC. to leave the room immediatelyD. to stay behind after the exam4. The boy knew everything _ .A. the moment he was asked to stay behindB. when the teacher started talking about honestyC. only some time laterD. when he was walking out of the room5. The thing(s) emphasized in her talk was(were) _ .A. honestyB. sense of dutyC. seriousnessD. all of the above答案解析1.C由“She showed me that hers was out of ink and would not write.”可知她的笔坏了。2. B 故事发生在考试进行期间，故选B。3.D 由“Later, after the test papers had been turned in, the teacher asked me to stay in the room”可知考完试后，老师让他留下(stay behind)。4.C 由最一段“Later on”可知 。5.A 由“. For a long time, she talked about honesty and emphasized(强调)”可知老师反复强调的就是cheat的反面诚实(honesty)。What has thetelephone done to us, or for us, in the hundred years of its existence? A feweffects suggest themselves at once. It has saved lives by getting rapid word ofillness, injury, or fire from remote places. By joining with the elevator tomake possible the multi-story residence or office building, it has madepossible for better or worse - the modem city. By bringing about a great leapin the speed and ease with which information moves from place to place, it hasgreatly accelerated the rate of scientific and technological changes and growthin industry. Beyond doubt it has seriously weakened if not killed the ancientart of letter writing. It has made living alone possible for persons withnormal social impulses (冲动) ; by so doing, it has played a role in one of thegreatest social changes of this century, the breakup of the multi-generationalhousehold. It has made the war chillingly more efficient than formerly.Perhaps, though not provably, it has prevented wars that might have arisen outof intemational misunderstanding caused by written communication. Or perhapsagain not provablyby magnifying (扩大) and extendingirrational personal conflicts based on voice contact, it has caused wars.Certainly it has extended the scope of human conflicts, since it impartially (不偏不倚) disseminates (传播)the useful knowledge of scientists andthe nonsense of the ignorant, the affection of the affectionate and the malice (恶意) of the malicious.1. What is the main idea of this passage?A) Thetelephone has helped to save people from illness and fire.B) Thetelephone has helped to prevent wars and conflicts.C) Thetelephone has made the modern city neither better nor worse.D) Thetelephone has had positive as well as negative effects on us.2. According to the passage, it is the telephonethat _ .A) has madeletter writing an artB) hasprevented wars by avoiding written communicationC) has madethe world different from what it wasD) hascaused wars by magnifying and extending human conflicts3. The telephone hasintensified conflicts among people because _ .A) itincreases the danger of warB) itprovides services to both the good and the maliciousC) it makesdistant communication easierD) it breaksup the multi-generational household4. The author describes thetelephone as impartial because it _ .A) saveslives of people in remote placesB) enablespeople to live alone if they want toC) spreadsboth love and ill willD) replacesmuch written communication5. The writers attitudetowards the use of the telephone is _A) affectionate B)disapprovingC) approving D)neutral1.D 本文主要讲了电话的发展对人类生活与活动所产生的正负两方面的影响。2.C 本题问及电话的作用。A项与原文意思相反，B、D两项虽然在文中提及，但仅仅是作者的猜测，还无法得到证实(not provably)。3.B 本题问电话加深人们冲突的原因是什么。设题区在本文后半部分。真正的原因是，作为一种通讯工具，电话既可服务于好人，也可为坏人所利用，这样才使人们之间的冲突的加深成为可能。C项并不是加深冲突的真正原因，因为电话的便捷虽然使加深冲突有可能，但同时也为救人性命提供了便利。4.C 答案依据在本文最后一句。该句的大意是，电话不偏不倚地传播着科学家的学问，无知者的胡言，仁者的善心，坏人的恶意。只有C项与原文意思最贴近。5.D 作者的态度显然是客观而中立的。因为作者在文中对电话给人类带来的利弊都有所陈述It is hard to predict howscience is going to turn out, and if it is really good science it is impossibleto predict. If the things to be found are actually new, they are by definitionunknown in advance. You cannot make choices in this matter. You either havescience or you dont, and if you have it you are obliged to accept thesurprising and disturbing pieces of information, along with the neat andpromptly useful bits.The only solid piece ofscientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundlyignorant about nature. Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery of the pasthundred years of biology. It is, in its way, an illuminating (启发) piece of news.It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment (启蒙运动) to be told byany of us how little we know and how bewildering (迷惑) seems the wayahead. It is this sudden confrontation (对抗) with the depth and scopeof ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of the 20th centuryscience to the human intellect. In earlier times, we either pretended tounderstand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up storiesto fill the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring in earnest, we are gettingglimpses of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered.Because of this, we are depressed. It is not so bad being ignorant if you aretotally ignorant; the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality ofignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not-so-bad spots, but no truelight at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted.But we are making abeginning, and there ought to be some satisfaction. There are probably noquestions we can think up that cant be answered, sooner or later, includingeven the matter of consciousness. To be sure, there may well be questions wecant think up, ever, and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, butthat is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our waythrough to all our answers, if we keep at it long enough, and pay attention.1. According to the author, really good science_ .A) wouldsurprise the brightest minds of the 18th century EnlightenmentB) willproduce results which cannot be foreseenC) will helppeople to make the right choice in advanceD) willbring about disturbing results2. It can be inferred from the passage thatscientists of the 18th century .A) thought that they knew a great deal andcould solve most problems of scienceB) wereafraid of facing up to the realities of scientific researchC) knew thatthey were ignorant and wanted to know more about natureD) did moreharm than good in promoting mans understanding