英语自考本科高级英语笔记-上册-Lesson Five.xls

Lesson FivePage 1 of 11 Lesson Five I d Rather Be Black than Female Words and Expressions 1ambassadorial adj 大使的 大使一级的Of or relating to or characteristic of ambassadors 2assembly n 美国的州议会A group of persons gathered together for a common purpose 3brainwash vt 洗脑 4convention n 惯例 社会习俗 大会 Something regarded as a normative example 5darky n 黑鬼Offensive term for Black people 6dashiki n 非洲式宽松套衫Loose pullover in African style 7dead end adj 毫无前程的 死胡同的 A street with only one way in or out no future 8drawback n 不利因素 障碍 缺点 disadvantagement shortcoming 9empathy n 同情 善解人意Understanding and entering into another s feelings 10 evade v 逃避 避开Avoid escape 11 handicap n 障碍Anything likely to lessen one s chance of success Poor eyesight is a handicap to a student handicap v 加障碍于Give or be a handicap to handicapped by ill health handicapped adj 残疾的Suffering from a serious physical or mental disability Lesson FivePage 2 of 11 12 homemaker n 家庭主妇Someone especially a housewife who manages a household 13 hostility n 敌意 敌视Enemity ill will He felt no hostility towards anyone hostile adj 敌对的Showing enemity unfriendly He was hostile to his colleagues 14 idealism n 理想主义 Impracticality by virtue of thinking of things in their ideal form rather than as they really are 15 incredulous adj 表示怀疑的 不相信的 Unbelieving showing disbelief There is an incredulous look on his face incredible adj 难以置信的Difficult to believe surprising What she has achieved is incredible to us 16 inferior adj 低等的 下级的Inferior in rank or status 17 liberal n 自由主义者A person in favour of progress and reform liberal adj 慷慨大方的 无偏见的 Generous open minded He is liberal of promises but not liberal of money liberalize v 使心胸宽大Make liberal free from narrow mindedness 18 masculine adj 有男子气概的 男性的 Associated with men and not with women 19 menial adj 低贱的 卑下的Used of unskilled work especially domestic work 20 mold vt 塑造 铸造 Make by pouring into a cast or mold Lesson FivePage 3 of 11 21 persistence n 坚持 固执 持续Persisting The persistence of a high temperature in the patient puzzled the doctor persistent adj 坚持的 持续的Continuing occuring again and again presist v 坚持Refuse to make any change She persists in going to school although she is ill 22 phenomenon n 现象 特殊物 事件Thing that appears unusual thing happening the phenomenon of nature Note The plural form of phenomenon is phenomena 23 predominate vi 占优势 统治 支配Have control be superior in numbers Men predominate most promising jobs predominant adj 有势力的 支配的Prevailing having more power or influence than others The predominant feature of his was pride predominance n 优越 支配Superiority in strength number etc There is a predominance of peach trees in this area 24 reap v 收获 收割 得到报偿 Get or derive 25 reeducation n 再教育 26 sit in n 静坐示威 A form of civil disobedience in which demonstrators occupy seats and refuse to move 27 prejudicial adj 造成偏见或损害的Causing prejudice or injury Lesson FivePage 4 of 11 What she dis wa prejudicial to the interest of the class prejudice n 偏见 成见 Opinion like or dislike formed before one has adequate knowledge racial prejudice 28 register v 登记 注册Make a written and formal record of Must the foreigner register with the police registration n 登记 注册Registering recording registration of students for an exam registar n 登记员A person whose duty is to keep records 29 suppression n 压制 压抑 镇压Suppressing a policy of suppression 高压政策 suppress v 镇压 制止Put an end to the activity or existence of suppress a demonstration 30 suppressive adj 镇压性的 平定的tending to suppress suppressive measure 平定措施 31 tokenism n 象征主义 表面文章 32 undisguised adj 无伪装的 公然的Plain to see 33 unrewarding adj 无报酬的Not rewarding not providing personal satisfaction 34 vocation n 职业 行业The particular occupation for which you are trained Lesson FivePage 5 of 11 35 tolerate v 容许 容忍Endure without protest I won t tolerate your selfishness tolerance n 容忍 宽容Quality of tolerating opinions religious tolerance tolerant adj 容忍的 宽容的Having or showing tolerance Mr White is not very tolerant of criticism tolerable adj 可容忍的 尚佳的That can be tolerated fairly good He is in tolerable health 36 bizarre adj 奇异的Unconventional or unusual 37 boycott n 联合抵制A group s refusal in protest 38 beard n 胡须 The hair growing on the lower part of a man s face Text Explanation 1Congress The American congress consists of two houses the Senate and the House of Representative 参参议议院院和和众众议议院院 2Being the first black woman elected to Congress has made me some kind of phenomenon Lesson FivePage 6 of 11 Being the first black woman elected to Congress has made me quite an extraordinary person 3That there is prejudice against women is an idea that still strikes nearly all men and I am afraid most women as bizarre strike sb as bizarre means make sb feel surprised can be translated as 使使某某人人感感到到很很奇奇怪怪 歧歧视视妇妇女女的的说说法法会会使使几几乎乎所所有有的的男男人人 恐恐怕怕还还有有多多数数妇妇女女 感感到到莫莫名名其其妙妙 4Prejudice against blacks was invisible to most white Americans for many years Prejudice against blacks was taken for granted therefore unnoticed by many white Americans 5When black finally started to mention it mention here refers to the use of action to fight against prejudice against blacks 6 Who us they asked in injured tones We re prejudiced American whites asked in a tone as if there were unfairly blamed for being prejudiced against blacks and thus felt hurt 7For all but the last six I have done the work all the tedious details that make the difference between victory and defeat on election day while men reaped the rewards which is almost invariably the lot of women in politics Lesson FivePage 7 of 11 Except for the last six years I have done all the boring routine jobs that can determine the outcome of an election while men got the rewards that is got elected the lot a person s fortune or destiny 命命运运 除除了了最最后后六六年年 我我所所做做的的工工作作一一直直非非常常乏乏味味 只只是是些些在在大大选选那那天天决决定定胜胜负负的的琐琐事事 而而男男人人却却得得到到好好处处 这这几几乎乎成成了了女女人人在在政政界界不不变变的的命命运运 8The best any of them can hope is the honor of being district or county vice chairman a kind of separate but equal positon The best any woman can hope for is to become a district or county vice chairman separate but equal position here means an inferior position that is specially kept for women but is claimed by men to be a position equal to men s 隔隔离离但但平平等等 9run for the New York State Assembly seat to compete to be elected member of the New York State Assembly 竞竞选选纽纽约约州州议议会会议议员员 to win a seat to win in the election to lose one s seat to be defeated in the election 10 closed meetings were held to discuss ways of stopping me Male members of my own party held secret meetings to discuss how to stop me from running for the seat Lesson FivePage 8 of 11 11 My opponent the famous civil rights leader James Farmer tried to project a black masculine image My opponent James Farmer was a famous leader of the civil rights movement He tried to create the impression of a strong black male in the minds of voters He did so because he thought the voters would surely vote a man rather than a woman 12 toured the neighborhood with sound trucks filled with young men wearing Afro haircuts dashikis and beards Sound trucks are trucks with amplifiers to broadcast propaganda Afro haircut was a fashionable hairstyle for black young men at that time A dashiki is a loose often colorfully printed shirt like dress put on by pulling it over the head 13 while the television crew ignored me Groups of people sent by TV stations to report on the election campain ignored me because they did not think I would be elected As I was not interviewed I was not reported on TV 14 Mr Farmer still doesn t quite know what hit him Mr Farmer still doesn t know how and why he was defeated in the election 15 The happy homemaker and the contented darky are both stereotypes produced by prejudice The typical fixed image of a woman is a housewife who is happy doing housework at home The typical fixed image of a Lesson FivePage 9 of 11 black is one who is content with his inferior status Both are believed to be true because of prejudice against them 16 Women have not even reached the level of tokenism that blacks are reaching Tokenism is a policy or practice of doing something to create the impression that a certain goal especially racial equality and sex equality has been accomplished 女女人人甚甚至至还还没没达达到到黑黑人人正正在在达达到到的的表表面面性性的的平平等等 17 No women sit on the Supreme Court There are no women judges in the Supreme Court 18 Only two have held Cabinet rank and none do at present Only two women have once been members of the Cabinet 内内阁阁 19 But women predominate in lower paying menial unrewarding dead end jobs Most of the people doing lower paying menial unrewardin dead end jobs are women 20 Why invest time and effort to build the girl up build up make acquire steadily and gradually 逐逐渐渐获获得得 Lesson FivePage 10 of 11 Why should we waste our time and effort to help her gain reputation 21 You know she ll only drop out of the game to have a couple of kids just about the time when we re ready to run her for mayor You know she will quit the business of election to have children just when we are ready to present her to compete for the mayor smayor s office office 22 When we do not spend our wealth on hardwar