词汇题及推理题

,考研英语阅读理解唐迟,51.ByEllenSperoisntbitinghernailsjustyet(line1,paragraph1),theauthormeans_.52.Howdothepublicfeelaboutthecurrenteconomicsituation?53.Whenmentioningthe$4millionto$10millionrange(lines23,paragraph3)theauthoristalkingabout_.54.Whycanmanypeopleseesilverliningstotheeconomicslowdown?55.Towhichofthefollowingistheauthorlikelytoagree?,51.ByEllenSperoisntbitinghernailsjustyet(line1,paragraph1),theauthormeans_.ASperocanhardlymaintainherbusinessBSperoistoomuchengagedinherworkCSperohasgrownoutofherbadhabitDSperoisnotinadesperatesituation,Whenitcomestotheslowingeconomy,EllenSperoisntbitinghernailsjustyet.Butthe47-year-oldmanicuristisntcutting,fillingorpolishingasmanynailsasshedliketo,either.Mostofherclientsspend$12to$50weekly,butlastmonthtwolongtimecustomerssuddenlystoppedshowingup.Speroblamesthesofteningeconomy.Imagoodeconomicindicator,shesays,Iprovideaservicethatpeoplecandowithoutwhentheyreconcernedaboutsavingsomedollars.SoSperoisdownscaling,shoppingatmiddle-browDillardsdepartmentstorenearhersuburbanClevelandhome,insteadofNeimanMarcus.Idontknowifotherclientsaregoingtoabandonme,too,shesays.,Whenitcomestotheslowingeconomy,EllenSperoisntbitinghernailsjustyet.Butthe47-year-oldmanicuristisntcutting,fillingorpolishingasmanynailsasshedliketo,either.Mostofherclientsspend$12to$50weekly,butlastmonthtwolongtimecustomerssuddenlystoppedshowingup.Speroblamesthesofteningeconomy.Imagoodeconomicindicator,shesays,Iprovideaservicethatpeoplecandowithoutwhentheyreconcernedaboutsavingsomedollars.SoSperoisdownscaling,shoppingatmiddle-browDillardsdepartmentstorenearhersuburbanClevelandhome,insteadofNeimanMarcus.Idontknowifotherclientsaregoingtoabandonme,too,shesays.,51.ByEllenSperoisntbitinghernailsjustyet(line1,paragraph1),theauthormeans_.ASperocanhardlymaintainherbusinessBSperoistoomuchengagedinherworkCSperohasgrownoutofherbadhabitDSperoisnotinadesperatesituation,Whenitcomestotheslowingeconomy,EllenSperoisntbitinghernailsjustyet.Butthe47-year-oldmanicuristisntcutting,fillingorpolishingasmanynailsasshedliketo,either.Mostofherclientsspend$12to$50weekly,butlastmonthtwolongtimecustomerssuddenlystoppedshowingup.Speroblamesthesofteningeconomy.Imagoodeconomicindicator,shesays,Iprovideaservicethatpeoplecandowithoutwhentheyreconcernedaboutsavingsomedollars.SoSperoisdownscaling,shoppingatmiddle-browDillardsdepartmentstorenearhersuburbanClevelandhome,insteadofNeimanMarcus.Idontknowifotherclientsaregoingtoabandonme,too,shesays.,1、逻辑关系2、除表面意思外，提炼出不断重复的内容,52.Howdothepublicfeelaboutthecurrenteconomicsituation?AOptimistic.BConfused.CCarefree.DPanicked.,EvenbeforeAlanGreenspansadmissionthatAmericasred-hoteconomyiscooling,lotsofworkingfolkshadalreadyseensignsoftheslowdownthemselves.FromcardealershipstoGapoutlets,saleshavebeenlaggingformonthsasshopperstempertheirspending.Forretailers,wholastyeartookin24percentoftheirrevenuebetweenThanksgivingandChristmas,thecautiousapproachiscomingatacrucialtime.Already,expertssay,holidaysalesareoff7percentfromlastyearspace.Butdontsoundanyalarmsjustyet.Consumersseemonlyconcerned,notpanicked,andmanysaytheyremainoptimisticabouttheeconomyslong-termprospectsevenastheydosomemodestbelt-tightening.,Consumerssaytheyrenotindespairbecause,despitethedreadfulheadlines,theirownfortunesstillfeelprettygood.Homepricesareholdingsteadyinmostregions.InManhattan,theresanewgoldrushhappeninginthe$4millionto$10millionrange,predominantlyfedbyWallStreetbonuses,saysbrokerBarbaraCorcoran.InSanFrancisco,pricesarestillrisingevenasfrenziedoverbiddingquiets.Insteadof20to30offers,nowmaybeyouonlygettwoorthree,saysJohnTealdi,aBayAreareal-estatebroker.Andmostfolksstillfeelprettycomfortableabouttheirabilitytofindandkeepajob.,52.Howdothepublicfeelaboutthecurrenteconomicsituation?AOptimistic.BConfused.CCarefree.DPanicked.,跨段提示段落之间有联系,53.Whenmentioningthe$4millionto$10millionrange(lines23,paragraph3)theauthoristalkingabout_.AgoldmarketBrealestateCstockexchangeDventureinvestment,Consumerssaytheyrenotindespairbecause,despitethedreadfulheadlines,theirownfortunesstillfeelprettygood.Homepricesareholdingsteadyinmostregions.InManhattan,theresanewgoldrushhappeninginthe$4millionto$10millionrange,predominantlyfedbyWallStreetbonuses,saysbrokerBarbaraCorcoran.InSanFrancisco,pricesarestillrisingevenasfrenziedoverbiddingquiets.Insteadof20to30offers,nowmaybeyouonlygettwoorthree,saysJohnTealdi,aBayAreareal-estatebroker.Andmostfolksstillfeelprettycomfortableabouttheirabilitytofindandkeepajob.,54.Whycanmanypeopleseesilverliningstotheeconomicshowdown?ATheywouldbenefitincertainways.BThestockmarketshowssignsofrecovery.CSuchaslowdownusuallyprecedesaboom.DThepurchasingpowerwouldbeenhanced.,Manyfolksseesilverliningstothisslowdown.Potentialhomebuyerswouldcheerforlowerinterestrates.Employerswouldntmindalittlefewerbubblesinthejobmarket.Manyconsumersseemtohavebeeninfluencedbystock-marketswings,whichinvestorsnowviewasanecessaryingredienttoasustainedboom.Dinersmightseeanupside,too.GettingatableatManhattanshotnewAlainDucasserestaurantneedtobeimpossible.Notanymore.Forthat,Greenspanoverthepastcoupleofyears,inflationhasbeenconsistentlylowerthanexpectedinBritainandAmerica.,97-551.Thethirdsentenceofparagraph1impliesthat_.ApeoplewouldbehappyiftheyshuttheireyestorealityBtheblindcouldbehappierthanthesightedCover-excitedpeopletendtoneglectvitalthingsDfascinationmakespeoplelosetheireyesight,Fewcreationsofbigtechnologycapturetheimaginationlikegiantdams.Perhapsitishumankindslongsufferingatthemercyoffloodanddroughtthatmakestheidealofforcingthewaterstodoourbiddingsofascinating.Buttobefascinatedisalso,sometimes,tobeblind.Severalgiantdamprojectsthreatentodomoreharmthangood.,02-247.Thewordgizmos(line1,paragraph2)mostprobablymeans_.AprogramsBexpertsCdevicesDcreatures,Asaresult,themodernworldisincreasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmoswhosepresencewebarelynoticebutwhoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.Ourfactorieshumtotherhythmofrobotassemblyarms.Ourbankingisdoneatautomatedtellerterminalsthatthankuswithmechanicalpolitenessforthetransaction.Oursubwaytrainsarecontrolledbytirelessrobo-drivers.Andthankstothecontinualminiaturizationofelectronicsandmicro-mechanics,therearealreadyrobotsystemsthatcanperformsomekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywithsubmillimeteraccuracyfargreaterprecisionthanhighlyskilledphysicianscanachievewiththeirhandsalone.,03-143.Thephrasemakingthebiggestsplash(line1,paragraph3)mostprobablymeans_.AcausingthebiggesttroubleBexertingthegreatesteffortCachievingthegreatestsuccessDenjoyingthewidestpopularity,AmongthefirmsmakingthebiggestsplashinthisnewworldisStraitford,Inc.,aprivateintelligence-analysisfirmbasedinAustin,Texas.Straitfordmakesmoneybysellingtheresultsofspying(coveringnationsfromChiletoRussia)tocorporationslikeenergy-servicesfirmMcDermottInternational.,04-143.Theexpressiontipservice(line3,paragraph3)mostprobablymeans_.AadvisoryBcompensationCinteractionDreminder,Foranyjobsearch,youshouldstartwithanarrowconceptwhatyouthinkyouwanttodothenbroadenit.Noneoftheseprogramsdothat,saysanotherexpert.Theresnocareercounselingimplicitinallofthis.Instead,thebeststrategyistousetheagentasakindoftipservicetokeepabreastofjobsinaparticulardatabase;whenyougetE-mail,consideritaremindertocheckthedatabaseagain.Iwouldnotrelyonagentsforfindingeverythingthatisaddedtoadatabasethatmightinterestme,saystheauthorofajob-searchingguide.,词汇题1、标志：“？”（Line.paragraph）mostprobablymeans2、方法：通过定位好的句子，根据逻辑关系找同义词或反义词3、干扰选项特征：字面意思理解,67.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoparagraph1?68.Thewritersexperimentshowsthatdownshifting_.69.Jugglingoneslifeprobablymeanslivingalifecharacterizedby_.70.Accordingtothepassage,downshiftingemergedintheUSasaresultof_.,2001passage5,WhenIdecidedtoquitmyfulltimeemploymentitneveroccurredtomethatImightbecomeapartofanewinternationaltrend.Alateralmovethathurtmyprideandblockedmyprofessionalprogresspromptedmetoabandonmyrelativelyhighprofilecareeralthough,inthemannerofadisgracedgovernmentminister,IcoveredmyexitbyclaimingIwantedtospendmoretimewithmyfamily.,67.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoparagraph1?AFull-timeemploymentisanewinternationaltrend.BThewriterwascompelledbycircumstancestoleaveherjob.CAlateralmovemeanssteppingoutoffull-timeemployment.DThewriterwasonlytooeagertospendmoretimewithherfamily.,Curiously,sometwo-and-a-halfyearsandtwonovelslater,myexperimentinwhattheAmericanstermdownshiftinghasturnedmytiredexcuseintoanabsolutereality.Ihavebeentransformedfromapassionateadvocateofthephilosophyofhaveitall,preachedbyLindaKelseyforthepastsevenyearsinthepagesofshemagazine,intoawomanwhoishappytosettleforabitofeverything.,68.Thewritersexperimentshowsthatdownshifting_.AenableshertorealizeherdreamBhelpshermoldanewphilosophyoflifeCpromptshertoabandonherhighsocialstatusDleadshertoacceptthedoctrineofShemagazine,Ihavediscovered,asperhapsKelseywillafterhermuch-publicizedresignationfromtheeditorshipofSheafterabuild-upofstress,thatabandoningthedoctrineofjugglingyourlife,andmakingthealternativemoveintodownshiftingbringswithitfargreaterrewardsthanfinancialsuccessandsocialstatus.NothingcouldpersuademetoreturntothekindoflifeKelseyusedtoadvocateandIonceenjoyed:12-hourworkingdays,pressureddeadlines,thefearfulstrainofofficepoliticsandthelimitationsofbeingaparentonqualitytime.,69.Jugglingoneslifeprobablymeanslivingalifecharacterizedby_.Anon-materialisticlifestyleBabitofeverythingCextremestressDanti-consumerism,InAmerica,themoveawayfromjugglingtoasimpler,lessmaterialisticlifestyleisawell-establishedtrend.DownshiftingalsoknowninAmericaasvoluntarysimplicityhas,ironically,evenbredanewareaofwhatmightbetermedanti-consumerism.Thereareanumberofbestsellingdownshiftingself-helpbooksforpeoplewhowanttosimplifytheirlives;therearenewsletters,suchasTheTightwadGazette,thatgivehundredsofthousandsofAmericansusefultipsonanythingfromrecyclingtheircling-filmtomakingtheirownsoap;thereareevensupportgroupsforthosewhowanttoachievethemid-90sequivalentofdroppingout.,70.Accordingtothepassage,downshiftingemergedintheUSasaresultof_.AthequickpaceofmodernlifeBmansadventurousspiritCmanssearchformythicalexperiencesDtheeconomicsituation,WhileinAmericathetrendstartedasareactiontotheeconomicdeclineafterthemassredundanciescausedbydownsizinginthelate80sandisstilllinkedtothepoliticsofthrift,inBritain,atleastamongthemiddleclassdownshiftersofmyacquaintance,wehavedifferentreasonsforseekingtosimplifyourlives.Forthewomenofmygenerationwhowereurgedtokeepjugglingthroughthe80s,downshiftinginthemid-90sisnotsomuchasearchforthemythicalgoodlifegrowingyourownorganicvegetables,andriskingturningintooneasapersonalrecognitionofyourlimitations.,70.Accordingtothepassage,downshiftingemergedintheUSasaresultof_.AthequickpaceofmodernlifeBmansadventurousspiritCmanssearchformythicalexperiencesDtheeconomicsituation,考研英语阅读理解唐迟,2003Text351.Accordingtothosewhosupportmergersrailwaymonopolyisunlikelybecause_.52.Whatismanycaptiveshippersattitudetowardstheconsolidationintherailindustry?53.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph3that_.54.Thewordarbiters(line6,paragraph4)mostprobablyreferstothose_.55.Accordingtothetext,thecostincreaseintherailindustryismainlycausedby_.,Inrecentyears,railroadshavebeencombiningwitheachother,mergingintosupersystems,causingheightenedconcernsaboutmonopoly.Asrecentlyas1995,thetopfourrailroadsaccountedforunder70percentofthetotalton-milesmovedbyrails.Nextyear,afteraseriesofmergersiscompleted,justfourrailroadswillcontrolwellover90percentofallthefreightmovedbymajorrailcarriers.,51.Accordingtothosewhosupportmergersrailwaymonopolyisunlikelybecause_.AcostreductionisbasedoncompetitionBservicescallforcross-tradecoordinationCoutsidecompetitorswillcontinuetoexistDshipperswillhavetherailwaybythethroat,51.Accordingtothosewhosupportmergersrailwaymonopolyisunlikelybecause_.AcostreductionisbasedoncompetitionBservicescallforcross-tradecoordinationCoutsidecompetitorswillcontinuetoexistDshipperswillhavetherailwaybythethroat,Supportersofthenewsupersystemsarguethatthesemergerswillallowforsubstantialcostreductionsandbettercoordinatedservice.Anythreatofmonopoly,theyargue,isremovedbyfiercecompetitionfromtrucks.Butmanyshipperscomplainthatforheavybulkcommoditiestravelinglongdistances,suchascoal,chemicals,andgrain,truckingistoocostlyandtherailroadsthereforehavethembythethroat.,52.Whatismanycaptiveshippersattitudetowardstheconsolidationintherailindustry?AIndifferent.BSupportive.CIndignant.DApprehensive.,Supportersofthenewsupersystemsarguethatthesemergerswillallowforsubstantialcostreductionsandbettercoordinatedservice.Anythreatofmonopoly,theyargue,isremovedbyfiercecompetitionfromtrucks.Butmanyshipperscomplainthatforheavybulkcommoditiestravelinglongdistances,suchascoal,chemicals,andgrain,truckingistoocostlyandtherailroadsthereforehavethembythethroat.,53.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph3that_.AshipperswillbechargedlesswithoutarivalrailroadBtherewillsoonbeonlyonerailroadcompanynationwideCoverchargedshippersareunlikelytoappealforratereliefDagovernmentboardensuresfairplayinrailwaybusiness,Thevastconsolidationwithintherailindustrymeansthatmostshippersareservedbyonlyonerailcompany.Railroadstypicallychargesuchcaptiveshippers20to30percentmorethantheydowhenanotherrailroadiscompetingforthebusiness.ShipperswhofeeltheyarebeingoverchargedhavetherighttoappealtothefederalgovernmentsSurfaceTransportationBoardforraterelief,buttheprocessisexpensive,timeconsuming,andwillworkonlyintrulyextremecases.,54.Thewordarbiters(line6,paragraph4)mostprobablyreferstothose_.AwhoworkascoordinatorsBwhofunctionasjudgesCwhosupervisetransactionsDwhodeterminetheprice,Railroadsjustifyratediscriminationagainstcaptiveshippersonthegroundsthatinthelongrunitreduceseveryonescost.Ifrailroadschargedallcustomersthesameaveragerate,theyargue,shipperswhohavetheoptionofswitchingtotrucksorotherformsoftransportationwoulddoso,leavingremainingcustomerstoshoulderthecostofkeepinguptheline.Itsatheorytowhichmanyeconomistssubscribe,butinpracticeitoftenleavesrailroadsinthepositionofdeterminingwhichcompanieswillflourishandwhichwillfail.Dowereallywantrailroadstobethearbitersofwhowinsandwholosesinthemarketplace?asksMartinBercovici,aWashingtonlawyerwhofrequentlyrepresentsshipper.,55.Accordingtothetext,thecostincreaseintherailindustryismainlycausedby_.AthecontinuingacquisitionBthegrowingtrafficCthecheeringWallStreetDtheshrinkingmarket,Manycaptiveshippersalsoworrytheywillsoonbehitwitharoundofhugerateincreases.Therailroadindustryasawhole,despiteitsbrighteningfortunes,stilldoesnotearnenoughtocoverthecostofthecapitalitmustinvesttokeepupwithitssurgingtraffic.Yetrailroadscontinuetoborrowbillionstoacquireoneanother,withWallStreetcheeringthemon.Considerthe$10.2billionbidbyNorfolkSouthernandCSXtoacquireConrailthisyear.Conrailsnetrailwayoperatingincomein1996wasjust$427million,lessthanhalfofthecarryingcostsofthetransaction.Whosgoingtopayfortherestofthebill?Manycaptiveshippersfearthattheywill,asNorfolkSouthernandCSXincreasetheirgriponthemarket.,推理判断题：1、标志：infer，learnfrom，imply，suggest，conclude2、方法：1）同义改写细节/主旨/逻辑2）逻辑取反推理多在转折处,历年真题回顾,04-247.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?AInbothEastandWest,namesareessentialtosuccess.BThealphabetistoblameforthefailureofZoZysman.CCustomersoftenpayalotofattentiontocompaniesnames.DSomeformofdiscriminationistoosubtletorecognize.,1段Overthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeencondemnedormadeillegal.Butoneinsidiousformcontinuestothrive:alphabetism.This,forthoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantage,referstodiscriminationagainstthosewhosesurnamesbeginwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.,2段IthaslongbeenknownthatataxifirmcalledAAAAcars.AandK.,3段ThustheAmericanpresidentandvice-presidenthavesurnamesstartingwithBandCrespectively;and26,97-256.Itcouldbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat_.AcultureexercisesaninfluenceoversocialinterrelationshipBcourteousconventionandindividualinterestareinterrelatedCvariousvirtuesmanifestthemselvesexclusivelyamongfriendsDsocialinterrelationshipsequalthecomplexsetofculturalconventions,Asistrueofanydevelopedsociety,inAmericaacomplexsetofculturalsignals,assumptions,andconventionsunderliesallsocialinterrelationships.And,ofcourse,speakingalanguagedoesnotnecessarilymeanthatsomeoneunderstandssocialandculturalpatterns.Visitorswhofailtotranslateculturalmeaningsproperlyoftendrawwrongconclusions.Forexample,whenanAmericanusesthewordfriend,theculturalimplicationsofthewordmaybequitedifferentfromthoseithasinthevisitorslanguageandculture.Ittakesmorethanabriefencounteronabustodistinguishbetweencourteousconventionandindividualinterest.Yet,beingfriendlyisavirtuethatmanyAmericansvaluehighlyandexpectfrombothneighborsandstrangers.,99-361.ItcouldbeinferredfromthepassagethatintheauthorscountrytheEuropeanmodelofprofessionaltrainingis_.AdependentuponthestartingageofcandidatesBworthtryinginvarioussocialsectionsCoflittlepracticalvalueDattractivetoeverykindofprofessional,Therearesomegoodargumentsforatechnicaleducationgiventherightkindofstudent.ManyEuropeanschoolsintroducetheconceptofprofessionaltrainingearlyoninordertomakesurechildrenareproperlyequippedfortheprofessionstheywanttojoin.Itis,however,presumptuoustoinsistthattherewillonlybesomanyjobsforsomanyscientists,somanybusinessmen,somanyaccountants.Besides,thisisunlikelytoproducetheneedednumberofeverykindofprofessionalinacountryaslargeasoursandwheretheeconomyisspreadoversomanystatesandinvolvessomanyinternationalcorporations.,99-466.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat_.AsomeNBACmembershesitatetobanhumancloningcompletelyBalawbanninghumancloningistobepassedinnotimeCprivatelyfundedresearcherswillrespondpositivelytoNBACsappealDtheissueofhumancloningwillsoonbesettled,NBACmembersalsoindicatedthatthey