高一英语必修3 名词性从句 课件.ppt

名词性从句,一.相关概念,1.名词：表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。2.名词的句法作用：名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。另外还可以作定语、状语。3.名词性从句：在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当，这个句子就叫名词性从句。4.名词性从句的种类：根据名词性从句在句子中所充当的不同成分，名词性从句可以分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,二.主语从句,1.主语从句的连接词,1).连接词:that,whether(1).thathewillwiniscertain.(2).ithasbeenreportedthatsalesofbeefinchinawillincrease.(3).whetherweshallraiseducksorgeeseremainstobedecided.(4).whetherhelljoinusinthediscussionisofgreatimportance.,2).连接代词:who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever,(1).itisclearwhoisafraidofhavingachangeinlandownership.(2).whosebagitiscannotbetold.(3).whatindianeedsisalawtomakelandownershipfairer.(4).itisnotyetdecidedwhichcashcropwillbeproducednextyear.(5).whateverhesaidwasright.(6).whoevergotheremustgetreadyby6oclock.,3).连接副词:when,where,why,how,howmany,howmuch,howlong,howsoon,howoften,例:(1).whenwellstarttomorrowwillbetoldsoon.(2).wherewecanbuyoxenissomethingweneedtofindout.(3).whyhecamehereisnotknown.(4).howwecanprotectthegrainfromdampneedstobediscussed.(5).howmanypeoplediedfromstarvationthatyearwillneverbeknown.(6).howoftenhellgotoseehisgrandmotherdependsonthetimehecanspare.,2.注意点,1).主语从句一律用陈述句语序,即主语在前,谓语在后.例:正:whenhewillcomeisnotknown.误:whenwillhecomeisnotknown.,2).连接词that在从句中无实际意义,但不能省略.例:正:thathewillnotcometothemeetingthiseveningistrue.误:hewillnotcometothemeetingthiseveningistrue.,3).whether可以引导主语从句,但if不能.,4).whoever,whatever,whichever等词可以引导主语从句,但nomatterwho,nomatterwhat等不能.,5).为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.itiswellknown/reported/thought/said/thatitisclear/necessary/certain/tr/doubtful/thatitisapity/ashame/anhonour/thatitdoesntmatterwhether/itseemsthatithappensthat,it作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较,it作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如：itisapitythatyoudidntgotoseethefilm.itdoesntinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace.itisjohnthatbrokethewindow.,用it作形式主语的结构,(1)itis名词从句itisafactthat事实是itisanhonorthat非常荣幸itiscommonknowledgethat是常识(2)itis形容词从句itisnaturalthat很自然itisstrangethat奇怪的是(3)itis不及物动词从句itseemsthat似乎ithappenedthat碰巧itappearsthat似乎(4)it过去分词从句itisreportedthat据报道ithasbeenprovedthat已证实itissaidthat据说,主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：,（1）if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。（2）itissaid/reported结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：itissaidthatpresidentjiangwillvisitourschoolnextweek.thatpresidentjiangwillvisitourschoolnextweekissaid.（3）ithappens/occurs结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination.thathefailedintheexaminationoccurredtohim.,（4）itdoesntmatterhow/whether结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：itdoesntmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.whetherheiswrongornotdoesntmatter.（5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening?isthatwillrainintheeveninglikely?,主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：,三.宾语从句,1.宾语从句的引导词:宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词相同.,2.注意点,1).宾语从句一律用陈述句的语序.2).引导宾语从句的连词that也无实际意义,多数情况下可以省略.3).whether和if都可以引导宾语从句但:(1).当whether后紧跟ornot时,不用if.例:idontknowwhetheriwillstayornot.(2).介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.例:iworryaboutwhetherihurtherfeeling.,4).that在宾语从句中的省略与保留(1).在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句(真正宾语)的句型中不省略.例:wemustmakeitclearthatwemeanwhatwesay.(2).由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,that不省略.例:hetoldmethathewouldcomeandthathewouldcomeontime.,宾语从句,1.作动词的宾语(1)由that引导的宾语从句(that通常可以省略),iheardthatbejoinedthearmy.(2)由what,whether(if)引导的宾语从句，例如：shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.(3)动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如：shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.,2.作介词的宾语，oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.,3.作形容词的宾语iamafraid(that)ivemadeamistake.注意：that引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content等。也可以将此类词后的that从句的看作原因状语从句。,4.it可以作为形式宾语it不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.,5.后边不能直接跟that从句的动词这类动词有allow,refuse,let,like,cause,force,admire,condemn,celebrate,dislike,love,help,take,forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。iadmiretheirwinningthematch.iadmirethattheywonthematch.,6.否定的转移若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。idontthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。,四.表语从句,1.表语从句的引导词:基本上与主语从句的引导词相同.连词除了that,whether(不用if)外,还可以用because.在连系动词seem,look之后还可用asthough(asif).例:(1).thatishowmiceruinmanystoresofgraineveryyear.(2).thequestionwaswhenthebutcherwaslikelytocomebackfromthetown.(3).thefactremainsthatachangeinlandownershipisneededinindia.(4).thatiswhathetoldus.(5).itseemsasifitisgoingtorain.,2.注意点,1).表语从句一律用陈述句的语序.2).表语从句的引导词that无实际意义,但不能省略.3).表语从句只能用whether,而不能用if引导.4).不要使用thereasonisbecausethat句型,应使用thereasonisthat或this/it/that/isbecause等句型.例如:今天早上他迟到的原因是因为路上行人太多.误:thereasonwhyhewaslatethismorningisbecausethattherewasalotoftrafficontheroad.正:thereasonwhyhewaslatethismorningisthattherewasalotoftrafficontheroad.或:hewaslatethismorning.thatwasbecausetherewasalotoftrafficontheroad.,五.同位语从句,1.同位语从句的引导词:that2.同位语从句和定语从句的区别:如果that作从句中的某一成分,则是定语从句,如果that不作从句中的任何成分,则是同位语从句.例:(1).ihadnoideathatitwassolate.(主系表结构,that不作从句中的成分,同位语从句)(2).istillremembertheplacethatwevisitedlastyear.(主谓宾结构,that作从句中的宾语,定语从句)3.that引导的同位语从句前面的名词常见的有:idea,fact,news,belief,thought,doubt,suggestion,proof,message,order,conclusion,desire,theory,truth,word等.,同位语从句与定语从句的区别,(1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。,(2)定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：,thenewsthathetoldmeisthattomwouldgoabroadnextyear.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）2)thenewsthattomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）,名词性从句几乎每年高考都要考,在各种题目中也经常出现,其中名词性从句的连接词的考查是重中之重,考生如何正确理解句子的含义,选取正确的连接词,是把握好这一类题目的关键。,考例1(2003北京春季)-areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterdaysgame?-oh,thats_.a.whatmakesmefeelexcitedb.whateverifeelexcitedaboutc.howifeelaboutitd.whenifeelexcited,a,解析:本题全句意为：“你还在考虑昨天的比赛吗？”“哦，正是这件事使我激动不已。”关键词语“stillthinkingaboutyesterdaysgame”决定必然用表语从句whatmakesmefeelexcited,表示比赛留下久久不能忘怀的印象,现在还在thinking;b项是泛泛而指,当然不行;c和d项内容与上下文问题无关。,考例2(2002上海春季)perseveranceisakindofquality,andthats_ittakestodoanythingwell.a.whatb.thatc.whichd.why,a,解析:本题考查表语从句中引导词的用法。what既引导表语从句又在从句中作takes的宾语,构成ittakessth.todosth.的句型。,二、宾语从句的考查,考例3(2003安徽春季)mr.hallunderstandsthat_mathshasalwaysbeeneasyforhim,itisnoteasyforthestudents.a.unlessb.sincec.althoughd.when,c,解析:该题考查连词在宾语从句中的用法.观察题干mr.hallunderstands是主句,其后有that引导的宾语从句,可将该句简化为:_mathshasalwaysbeeneasyforhim,itisnoteasyforthestudents.分析简化后的句子可知,mathshasalwaysbeeneasyforhim与itisnoteasyforthestudents之间含有转折关系,其他选项不合题干逻辑。,考例4(nmet2001)acomputercanonlydo_youhaveinstructedittodo.a.howb.afterc.whatd.when,解析:这是一个宾语从句,do后面缺少宾语,what在句中既引导宾语从句，又作do的宾语,三、主语从句的考查,考例5(2002上海春季)_fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.a.whatb.thatc.thisd.which,b,解析:这是含有一个主语从句的句子。因为主语从句句意完整,只缺一个引导词，所以要选that。这句话的意思是国与国之间的时装差异可以从一个方面反映出其文化的差异。,c,四、同位语从句的考查,考例6（2003上海）thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars_roadconditionsneed_.a.that;tobeimprovedb.which;tobeimprovedc.where;improvingd.when;improving,解析:that引导从句作problem的同位语,解释problem的具体内容.这句话的意思是私人汽车的普及牵涉到一个新的问题，即路况需要改进。由于problem与同位语从句被其大量的修饰成分隔开来,增加了试题的难度。,a,someoneisringingthedoorbell.goandsee_.whoisheb.whoheisc.whoisitd.whoitis,2.canyoumakesure_thegoldrings?a.whereshehadputb.wherehadsheputc.whereshehasputd.wherehassheput,3._shecouldntunderstandwas_fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.a.what;whyb.that;whatc.what;becaused.why;that,4.littletommywasreluctanttotelltheschoolmaster_hehaddonethedaybefore.a.thatb.howc.whered.what,5._youdontlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.a.whatb.whoc.thatd.whether,6.whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis_mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdisease.a.whenb.howc.whetherd.why,7._isnopossibility_bobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch.a.there;thatb.it;thatc.there;whetherd.it;whether,1.allofuswonder_cleanedtheclassroom.2.thefact_hedidntkeephispromisemademeveryangry.3._heisrightiscertain.4.thetruthis_hehascomeback.5.heasked_wasthematter.6.i