高中英语选修7 unit1语法 动词不定式.ppt

Unit1Livingwell,LearningaboutLanguage,1Fillinthetablebelow.Youcanusethedictionarytohelpyou.,ambition,absence,suitable,beneficial,annoyed/annoying,clumsy,firm,noisy,psychological,encouragement,1.Howdoyoumeasurethelengthofaraceroundaracetrack?2.Howwouldyoufeelifsomeonekepttalkingwhenyouweretryingtoread?,2Answereachquestionbyusingacorrectnewwordinthisunit.,lap,annoyed,3.Inwhatwaycanateachercheckifyouhavelearnedthenewwordsbyheart?4.Whatdoyoucallanitemwritteninadiaryorinadictionary?5.Whatkindofinstrumentdoesadoctorneedtoexaminevirusesinblood?,dictation,entry,microscope,6.Howdoyoudescribesomeonewhoishappytomeetnewpeople?7.Whatdoyoucallstudentsinthesameyeargroupandthesamesituationasyou?8.Whatdoyoucallthebehaviourofonestudenttoothers?,outgoing,fellow,conduct,3Completethispassageusingthewordsbelow.,Therewasatimewhenchildrenwithmentaldisabilitieswerepreventedfromlivinganormallife_.Theyusedto_intheirownhomesafterbeingeducatedinspecial,inmanyways,sitaround,adapttocutoutinotherwordsoutofbreathsitaroundinmanywaysmakefunofallinall,schools.Otherpeoplesometimes_them.Butnowthingsarechanging.Therearetrainingprogrammesforyoungpeoplewithmentaldisabilities,whichhaveprovedverybeneficial.StudentslikeXieLi,mentallydisabledfrombirth,nowhaveachancetobecomeathletes.Butitisachallenge.Shehasto_trainingprogrammesaswellasmixingwithotherable-bodiedathletes.,makefunof,adaptto,“XieLisconfidencehasgrown,”saidherfather.“Shelooksmuchbetterandisnotsooften_afterhertraining._hermotherandIareveryhappywithherprogress.”So,insteadof_mainstreamactivities,mentallydisabledstudentscanbecomepartofthemainstream._theycanleadamorefulfillinglife.,Inotherwords,outofbreath,Allinall,cuttingout,RevisetheInfinitive,Unit1Grammar,1.Itisgoodtohelpothers.2.Itismyambitiontomakesurethatthedisabledpeopleinourneighborhoodhaveaccesstoallpublicbuildings.3.MyambitionistoworkinthecomputerindustrywhenIgrowup.,Identifyitsfunction.,(subject),(subject),(predicative),4.Idonthavetimetositaroundfeelingsorryformyself.5.Iamtheonlystudentinmyclasstohaveapetsnake.6.Abigcompanyhasdecidedtobuyitfromme.7.MyfellowstudentshavebeguntoacceptmeforwhoIam.,(attribute),(attribute),(object),(object),8.Ihavehadtoworkhardtoliveanormallife.9.SomedaysIamtootiredtogetoutofbed.10.Wemustcallonlocalgovernmenttogivefinancialassistancetodisabledpeople.,(adverbial),(adverbial),(objectcomplement),动词不定式的作用FunctionsofInfinitive,1主语(subject)2表语(predicative)3宾语(object)4宾补(objectcomplement)5定语(attribute)6状语(adverbial)7独立结构(absoluteconstruction),1不定式作主语(subject),Tokeepsmilingishealthyforyou.ItsimportanttolookupthenewwordsinthedictionarywhenyoustudyEnglish.,单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式后置。,Myjobtoprotecttheworld.Myambitionisto_.,is,2不定式作表语(predicative),Seeingistobelieve.Toseeisbelieving.Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.,不定式常用在系动词be,seem,appear,get,remain等后作表语。,Allyouhavetodois(to)finishthejobquickly.,如果主语部分有个表示不定式内容的do,用作表语的不定式可省略to。,YaoMinglikestoplaybasketball.Ifinditstillnecessary(forhim)to_ifhewantstowin.,3不定式作宾语(object),句型：think/consider/findit+adj.+todo,常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：agree,afford,appear,ask,attempt,care,choose,claim,dare,decide,demand,deserve,determine,expect,fail,get,hate,hesitate,hope,hurry,intend,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,seem,tend,threaten,want,wish。,你记得哪一条路到那儿吗？Doyourememberwhichwaytogetthere?下一步干什么你决定了吗?Haveyoudecidedwhattodonext?我来问他怎么样开这机器。Illaskhimhowtooperatethemachine.,1)不定式有时和连接代词/副词构成宾语。,2)有时不定式由whether引起。Ididntknowwhethertolaughorcryaboutit.3)feel,find,judge,make,think,believe,consider等动词后如果是不定式做宾语，补语是形容词(间或是名词)，常用it作形式宾语，把不定式后移。Ifinditdifficulttoworkwithhim.,4不定式作宾补(objectcomplement),Mymumasksmetoplaythepianotwohourseveryday.,Theteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.Iexpectyoutogivemesomehelp.,引导不定式作宾补的动词：,warn,tell,allow,help,ask,force等,+sbtodosth,listento,hear,watch,五看,see,lookat,observe,notice,三使,let,make,have,二听,一感觉:,feel,+sbdosth（不带to）,1.Theysawtheboyfallsuddenlyfromthetree.Theboywasseentofallsuddenlyfromthetree.,但当以上的动词用于被动式，to要还原：,MothermadeJohnwashthecarforaweek.,Johnwasmadetowashthecarforaweek.,3不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to。,1.Shecoulddonothingbutcry.2.Ihavenochoicebuttogo.3.Whatdoyouliketodobesidessleep.,5不定式作定语(attribute),1.Kateislookingforasuitablecoattowear.2.Tomhasanicepentowritewith.,1.不定式作定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系：,Ihavealotofworktodo.我有很多工作要做。Heisalwaysthefirsttocome.他总是第一个来。Weallhaveachancetogotocollege.我们都有上大学的机会。,(1)动宾关系,(2)主谓关系,(3)同位关系,2.当名词被thefirst,thelast,theonly等词以及形容词最高级修饰时eg:Sheisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.,3.something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。,注意比较：,1)Haveyouanythingtosend?你有什么东西要寄吗？2)Haveyouanythingtobesent?你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？,（不定式tosend的动作执行者是you）,（不定式tobesent的动作执行者是已被省略的me或someoneelse）,5.如果不定式是不及物动词,则后面需适当的介词。Pleasepassmesomepapertowrite_.,on,4.也可用在havetodo和therebe句型中。,Thereisnoonetotakecareofher.Ihavenojewelrytowear.,Igotupearlyto_.Youcamehereto_.,inorderto,soasto,enoughto,onlyto,too.to,catchthetrain,6不定式作状语(adverbial),在一些短语中也有体现,eg:Hespokeloudly(soas/inorder)tobeheard.,1.表示目的:toinordertosoastoso/suchastodo,不定式作状语,2.表示原因:不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语,sorry,surprised,happy,glad,eager,angry,foolish,right,wrong,slow,quick,rude,cruel,disappointed等。,eg:Imglad/pleasedtoseeyou.Weweresurprisedtohearthenews.,so+adj./adv.+astodosuch+adj.+n.+astodoadj./adv.+enough+todotoo+adv./adj.+todo,Hewassofoolishastobelieveit.=Hewassuchafoolastobelieveit.=Hewasfoolishenoughtobelieveit.,3.结果状语:常与only,enough或too连用,Hestudiedhardonlytofailtheexam.,Totellthetruth,Iamnothappyatthemoment.,tobefranktobehonesttotellthetruth,7独立结构(absoluteconstruction),8.不定式的否定结构：不定式的否定结构多由“not+不定式”构成，否定副词not,never,seldom,hardly等要置于to前。请告诉你的小孩不要在街上玩耍。Pleasetellyourchildnottoplayinthestreet.她检查名字为了不犯错误。Shecheckedthenamessoasnottomakemistakes.,动词不定式的时态和语态,todo,tohavedone,tobedoing,tohavebeendoing,tobedone,tohavebeendone,(1)Theypretendednottoseeus.,(2)Hepretendedtobesleeping.,(3)Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore.,(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎/发生在它之后。),(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行。),(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。),(4)Werehappytohavebeenworkingwithyou.,(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续。),不定式的时态,不定式的一般式todoIamgladtoseeyou.Hehasdecidedtogivehersomemoney.表示的动作通常与谓语所表示的动作或状态同时或者几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。,不定式的进行式tobedoing,Iamverygladtobeworkingwithyou.Hepretendedtobeworkinghardwhenhisbosspassedhim.表示的动作通常与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。,不定式的完成式tohavedone,Hehappenedtohaveseenthefilmbefore.ThenovelisbelievedtohavebeentranslatedintoChinese.不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动作或状态之前。,Hewantedtohavemetyouattheairport,buthedidntgetthereintime.表示过去没有实现的期待或者计划hoped,promised,wanted,wished,expected,planned,Hewouldliketohaveplayedtheviolinattheconcert.不定式的完成式在wouldlike后边表示未能实现的愿望。,不定式的语态,主动语态todo被动语态tobedoneItisanhonorformetobeinvitedtoattendthemeeting.Everyonelikestheherotobepraised.,Weaskedhimtostaytillthenextday,butherefusedto.Areyouateacher?Yes,andIhavetobe.Whatwewanttodonowisliedownandhaveagoodrest.Ididntsayanythingbuttomakeagesture.,省略to与省略do,1.prefern.(doing)ton.(doing)2.prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.3.wouldratherdo4.wouldrather+句子（虚拟语气）5.advise/allow/permit/forbidsb.todoadvise/allow/permit/forbiddoing,固定词组和句型,Thequestionisverydifficulttoanswer.Theproblemisdifficulttodealwith.,1.主语be+adj.+todo,能用于此句型的形容词有:difficult,easy,comfortable,fit,hard,pleasant,tiresome(使人疲劳的),interesting,nice,heavy,dangerous,light,important,etc.,主动形式表被动意义的不定式,Theboxislightenoughtocarry.Theriverwateriswarmenoughtoswimin.,2.主语+be+adj.+enough+todo,Thebooksseemedtooheavytocarry.Theiceistoothintoskateon.,3.主语+be+too+adj.+todo,1.LastsummerItookacourseon_.A.howtomakedressesB.howdressesbemadeC.howtobemadedressesD.howdressestobemade,课堂练兵,2.Iveworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_inmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects3.Therearefivepairs_,butIamatalosswhichtobuy.AtobechosenBtochoosefromCtochooseDforchoosing,4.Ifindtheseproblemsareeasy_.A.tobeworkedoutB.toworkthemoutC.toworkoutD.tobeworkedthemout5._lateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingslept,6.Iwouldlove_tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.havinggoneC.goingD.tohavegone7.Johnwasmade_thetruckforaweekasapunishment.A.towashB.washingC.washD.tobewashing,8.Tomkeptquietabouttheaccidentlosehisjob.A.sonotastoB.soasnottoC.soastonotD.notsoasto9.Thepatientwaswarned_oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating,1._thiscake,youllneed2eggs,175gsugarand175gflour.(2006广东卷)A.HavingmadeB.MakeC.TomakeD.Making,实战高考,2.LeonardodaVinci(1452-1519)_birdskeptincagesinordertohavethepleasureofsettingthemfree.(2007重庆卷)A.issaidtobebuyingB.issaidtohaveboughtC.hadsaidtobuyD.hassaidtohavebought,3.Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood_.(2008全国卷)A.tobebreathedB.tobreatheC.breathingD.beingbreathed,4.Didthebookgivetheinformationyouneeded?Yes.But_it,Ihadtoreadtheentirebook.(2008北京卷)A.tofindB.findC.tofindingD.finding,5.Davidthreatened_hisneighbortothepoliceifthedamageswerenotpaid.(2009上海卷)A.tobereportedB.reportingC.toreportD.havingreported,6.Withtheworldchangingfast,wehavesomethingnew_withallbyourselveseveryday.(2009重庆卷)A.dealB.dealtC.todealD.dealing,7.Thechildrenallturned_thefamousactressassheenteredtheclassroom.(2009全国卷I)A.lookedatB.tolookatC.tolookingatD.lookat,8.WithFathersDayaroundthecorner,Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank_presentsformydad.(2010全国I卷)A.buyB.tobuyC.buyingD.tohavebought,9.Thereweremanytalentedactorsouttherejustwaiting_.(2010江西卷)A.todiscoverB.tobediscoveredC.discoveredD.beingdiscovered,10.Wewereastonished_thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.(2010辽宁卷)A.findingB.tofindC.findD.tobefound,11.Ihavealotofreadings_beforetheendofthisterm.(2010山东卷)A.completingB.tocompleteC.completedD.beingcompleted,12.Inmanypeoplesopinion,thatcompany,thoughrelativelysmall,ispleasant_.(2010四川卷)A.todealwithB.dealingwithC.tobedealtwithD.dealtwith,1爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。_arebothgreathappiness.2据说他已经完成了他的工作。Heissaid_.3根据报道他们已安全到达。Theyarereported_.,Toloveandtobeloved,tohavefinished/completed,hiswork,翻译下面的句子。,tohavearrivedsafely,4我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。Iwantthisbike_.5玛利仿佛已经被告知此事了。Maryseemed_.6众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚金牌。Heisknown_agoldmedalattheOlympics.,toberepairedatonce,tohavebeentoldaboutit,tohavebeengiven,/immediately,Iwanttotellyousomething.,Makeupashortpassageusingtheinfinitiveasmuchaspossible.Thebeginningofthepassageisgivenbelow.,Forexample,Hi,Iwanttotellyousomething.IwillgotoRuianforshoppingthisafternoon.Doyouwanttogowithme?First,IdliketogotoKaitaiStore.Buttobefrank,mostoftimeIamthereonlytodosomewi