定语从句讲解PPT图表

必备句型,1.HewhohasnotreachedtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.Allthatglitersisnotgold.He,whoknowsnothingbutpretendstoknoweverything,isindeedagood-for-nothing.不懂装懂,永世饭桶Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.,Thosewhomakemostpeoplehappyarethehappiestintheworld.KarlMarxHelaughsbestwholaughslast.Hewhomakesnomistakesmakesnothing.,定语从句高考考点例析Thebestwayyoucanget,TheAttributiveClause,在句子中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句。这种从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，并作句子成分。定语从句还叫做嵌入句，因形容词定语，所以又称之为形容词性从句。,Attributiveclause:,定语从句的位置：通常在先行词（在主句中）后。,定语从句的引导词,关系代词,关系副词,指人,指物,who(主语、宾语)，whom(宾语)，that(主语、宾语),whose(定语),that(主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语)whose(定语),where(地点状语),when(时间状语),why(原因状语),要点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词,1、找出定语从句中是否主语和宾语都齐全。如齐全用关系副词。用什么关系副词看先行词。,Iwillneverforgetthedays(_Istayedwithyou).,when,_,_,JurassicParkisaboutapark_(averyrichmankeepsdifferentKindsofdinosaurs).,_,_,where,1958wastheyear_(Spielbergmadehisfirstrealfilm).,_,_,Pleasegivemethereason_(youmadesuchagreatsuccess).,_,_,when,why,Morningisthebesttime_(youpractisereadingaloud).,_,_,when,Doyourememberthelake_(youfirstmetyourgirlfriend.）,_,_,where,2、如定语从句中缺宾语，确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物动词，如是，用关系代词，如不是，用关系副词。,要点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词,Yesterdaywewenttovisitthehouse_(thegreatwriterusedtolive).,_,_,where,inwhich,Thehouse_(theybuiltin1987)stayedupintheearthquake.,whichthat/,_,_,Luckilynoneofthepeople_(Iknow)werekilledintheearthquake.,whowhomthat/,_,_,Myfatherwasbornintheyear_(theSecondWorldWarbrokeout).,_,_,inwhich,when,3、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用关系副词。,Kunmingisabeautifulplace_(flowersareseenalltheyearround).,where,October1stistheday_(newChinawasfounded).,when,Thewindow(_wasopenedthismorning)hasbeenbroken.,Whichthat,Themeeting(_willbeheldnextweek)isveryimportant.,Whichthat,要点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词,要点二：that和which的选择,(1)that指物时一般可以与which互换，但在下列情况引导词只用that，不用which。,当先行词为all,much,little,few,none,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代词时，如：a.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.b.Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.c.Thereislittle(that)theenemycandobesidessurrender.,先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much修饰时：,Ivereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.,要点二：that和which的选择,先行词是序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。,Thisisthebestbook(that)Iveeverread.,Thisisthefirstcomposition(that)hehaswritteninEnglish.,先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast修饰时。,Thatwhitefloweristheonlyone(that)Ireallylike.Thisistheverybook(that)Iwanttofind.,当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时，这个定语从句要用that而不用who(whom)和which引导。如：,Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools（that）hehadvisited.,先行词是疑问词who,which,what时，定语从句用that而不用who,(whom)和which引导。,要点二：that和which的选择,Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?Whichofusthatknowssomethingaboutphysicsdoesnotknowthis?Whatthatisonthetablebelongstome?,当关系代词在从句中作表语时：,Maryisnolongerthegirl(that)sheusedtobe.Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe.,Which可以引导非限定性定语从句，可用于介词后，其先行词可是一个词,也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。1Sheheardaterriblenoise,_broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that2.Theweatherturnedouttobegood,_wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it,要点二：that和which的选择,（2）只用which的情况,B,B,要点三：as与which引导的定语从句,1、如果定语放主句后，即引用as也可以用which.Hefailedtotheexam,as(=which)isnatural.Sheseemsascientist,as(=which)infactsheis.Grammarisnotadeadrule,which(=as)Ihavesaidbefore.,2、如果从句在主句前，这时要用as而不用which引导定语从句。如：,Asisstatedabove,thediscoveryisofgreatsignificance,Asweallknow,theearthisround.,3.用于thesameas,suchas，asas,soas中，一般用as。e.g.Suchbooksasyoutellmeareinteresting.ThisisthesamebookasIlentyouyesterday.,4.as代表前面主句意思时，有“正如”之意，而which没有此意思，从句中的动词常是expect,know,see,think,want,suppose等。,Hewonthematch,aswehadexpected.Heagreedtotheplan,aswastobeexpected.Thepolicewerelookingforhim,ashethought.,要点三：as与which引导的定语从句,Hereissobigastoneasnomancanlift.,5.as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如beknown，besaid，bereported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。e.g.Shehasbeenlateagain,aswasexpected.Tomhasmadegreatprogress,whichmadeushappy.,6.如果从句的内容对主句内容起着消极作用，或者说导致的结果，则用which.,a.Hecheatedhisfriendofmachmoney,whichwasverydisgraceful.b.Hecamebacklate,whichmadehismotherworried.,要点三：as与which引导的定语从句,考点四：关系代词前介词的确定,如何选定介词:,1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：e.g.Isthatthenewspaperforwhichyouoftenwritearticles?2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：e.g.CanyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhichImsure.3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：e.g.1949wastheyearinwhichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.,4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词+of+关系代词”的结构，如：e.g.Thereare50studentsinourclass,two-thirdsofwhomhavebeentoBeijing.,5.Whose从句可转换为“of+关系代词”型，如：e.g.Theyliveinahouse,whosedooropenstothesouth.,Theylivedinahouse,ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,thedoorofwhichopentothesouth.,考点四：关系代词前介词的确定,关系副词when,where,why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。如：when=in/on/at+which,where=in/on/at+which,why=for+which介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。eg.1.Iwontforgetthedatewhen(onwhich)Iwasborn.2.Thisistheroomwhere(inwhich)Ilived.=ThisistheroomwhichIlivedin.3.Idontknowthereasonwhy(forwhich)hehaventcometoday.4.Tomstillremembersthedayswhen(inwhich)theylivedinTianjin.,要点四：关系代词前介词的确定,思考？,是否所有的介词+关系代词都能用关系副词代替?,Thepainting(_Ilooked)waspaintedbyme.,atwhich,Thebook(_Iheard)waswrittentwentyyearsago.,aboutwhich,Thepen(_shewrotethatbook)cannowbeseeninamuseum.,withwhich,Kunmingisabeautifulplace_(flowersareseenalltheyearround).,where/inwhich,Iwillneverforgottheday_Ifirstmetyouontheship.,onwhich/when,duringwhich,Thefilm(_Ifellasleep)wasveryboring.,结论：只有当介词+关系代词充当地点状语、时间状语或原因状语时，才能用关系副词代替。,Correctthesentences:,1.Imusingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday.2.Isthatfactorywhichyourfatheronceworkedin?3.ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada.4.July1,1999isthedaywhenwellneverforget.,(去掉),theone,_,to,_,which,5.Thestudentsandthingswhichyouspokeofareknowntous.,_,that,5.Einsteinissuchagreatscientistthatwemustlearnfrom.6.ThestudentwhosbookIhadborroweddidntcometoschooltoday.7.Whoistheworkerwhotooksomepicturesofthefactory.8.Itistheoneofthebestfilmswhichhavebeenshownrecently.9.ThethirdplacewhichwearegoingtovisitisHangzhou10.Whichisknowntoall,manysatellitearegoingaroundinthesky.,_,as,_,Whose,that,_,that,_,_,that,_,As,1.Idontliketheway_hespoketome.,2.Thisistheonlything_Icandonow.,3.Therearethreelibrariesinourschool,_werebuiltfiveyearsago.,4.Hiswalkingstick,_hecantwalk,waslostyesterday.,5.Hetoldmethereason_hedidntcomehere.,