被动语态ppt语法

,PassiveVoice,1.把原句的宾语改为主语。2.把原句的谓语动词改为被动语态结构(be+p.p.)3.把原句的主语改为by的宾语（用宾格）,可省略。e.g.Shecleanedtheroom.Theroomwascleaned(byher).,主动语态句子变成被动语态句子哪三个部分要变？怎么变？,(一)语态转换时要注意的问题1.把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.(正确)Anewcomputerhavebeenbought.(错误)2.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说：Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.,保留宾语,注意：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to，如：bring,give,lend,offer,pass,promise,sell,show,teach,tell等。eg.Thecupwithmixturewasshowedtotheclass.Mybikewaslenttoher.一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词for,如：buy,cook,choose,fetch,get,make,order,等。eg.Mothermademeanewskirt.(Anewskirtwasmadeforme.)Themeatwascookedforus.,3.由动词+介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可与动词拆开或漏掉.这类动词有laughat,operateon（做手术）,lookafter,makeuseof（利用）、takecareof,giveup,handin,pointout,putaway（把.收起来，放好）,putoff（推迟）,turndown,workout,talkabout等。Thepatientisbeingoperatedon.Theproblemissolved.Itneedntbetalkedabout.Hisrequestwasturneddown.Thesportsmeetwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather.Achildistakengoodcareof,4.注意：在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但改成被动语态后都带to，Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.Hismothermakeshimcleantheroomeveryday.Heismadetocleantheroomeveryday.,（二）某些动词用主动表被动？,1.Thepicturelooksbeautiful.,这里的look是表状态特征的连系动词，它后面要求跟形容词或名词构成系表结构，其主动形式表被动含义。感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel，look,seem,taste,sound,remain,turnout,smell等。Doyoulikethematerial?Yes,itfeelsverysoft.TheflowerslookbeautifulWhathesaidsoundsreasonable.Therosessmellsweet.Themedicinetastesbitter.误：Itisfeltverysoft.Thefoodtastesdelicious.误：Thefoodistasteddelicious.Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful.误：Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful,2.want,need,require作“需要”解时及beworth,inneedof后接动词，常用动名词的主动形式表被动含义。,Eg:1:Theflowerneeds/wants/requireswatering.Yourhairneeds/wants/requirescuttingThecomputerneeds/wants/requiresreqairing2:Thefilm/musicisworthlisteningto.3:Histeachingmethodisinneedofimproving,3.不定式在某些形容词后作状语且和句子的主语（或宾语）构成逻辑上的动宾关系时：,Thesentenceiseasytounderstand.Shefoundtheproblemhardtodealwith.TheboxisheavytoliftThepictureispleasanttolookatThenovelisinterestingtoread此类形容词：difficult,comfortable,pleasant,fit,interesting,unfit,light,heavy,dangerous,etc.,第一，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：takeplace,comeabout,breakout,belongto,consistof,addupto,comeintobeing,cometrue,turnout等。如：Thefirebrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.误：Thefirewasbrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina.误：GreatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinChina.第二，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie等。Whenwegottothetopofthemountain,thesunhadalreadyrisen.误：Thesunhadalreadybeenrisen.Aftertheearthquake,fewhousesremained.误：Aftertheearthquake,fewhouseswereremained.,（三)下列情况主动句不能改为被动句,例如：据说Itissaid/thoughtthat据报导Itisreportedthat据推测Itissupposedthat希望Itishopedthat众所周知Itiswellknownthat普遍认为Itisgenerallyconsideredthat有人建议Itissuggestedthat1)Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.2)ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.3)ItissaidthatMr.GreenhasarrivedinBeijing.,（四）在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示,主动变被动,1)Hecandothejob.2)Myfatherborrowedthebookfromthelibraryyesterday.3)Theprofessoraskedthestudentsaverydifficultquestion.4)Herparentsgaveheranewbikeonherbirthday.,1.Thenewdictionariesareveryuseful.They_welland_already.sell;havebeensoldoutB.sold;hadsoldoutC.sell,selloutaresold;havebeensoldout2.IsawDaveinliftthismorning.-Really?He_aroundhereforalongtime.A.wontbeseenB.wasntseeC.hasntbeenseenD.hadntbeenseen,3.Thewindowisdirty.-Iknow.It_forweeks.hasntcleanedB.didntcleanC.wasntcleanedD.hasntbeencleaned4.Theherosstory_differentlyinthenewspapers.wasreportedB.wasreportingreportsD.reported5.Whydidyouleavethatposition?-I_abetterpositionatIBM.offerB.offeredC.amofferedD.wasoffered6.Morethanadozenstudentsinthatschool_abroadtostudymedicinelastyear.A.sentB.weresentC.hadsentD.hadbeensent,7.Thepolicemansattentionwassuddenlycaughtbyasmallboxwhich_placedundertheMinisterscar.hasbeenB.wasbeingC.hadbeenD.wouldbe8.Millionsofpoundsworthdamage_byastormwhichsweptacrossthenorthofEnglandlastnight.A.hasbeencausedB.hadbeencausedC.willbecausedD.willhavebeencaused9.Whentheoldman_towalkbacktohishouse,thesun_itselfbehindthemountain.started;hadalreadyhiddenhadstarted;hadalreadyhiddenC.hadstarted;washidingD.wasstarting;hid,10:Thewater_coolwhenIjoinedintothepoolformorningexercise.wasfeltB.isfeltC.feltD.feels11:Themomentthe28thOlympicGames_open,thewholeworldcheered.declaredB.havebeendeclaredC.havedeclaredD.weredeclared12.MrGreenstoodupindefenceofthe16-year-oldboy,sayingthathewasnottheone_.blamedB.blamingC.toblameD.tobeblamed,13.Inaroomabovethestore,whereaparty_,someworkerswerebusilysettingthetable.A.wastobeheldB.hasbeenheldC.willbeheldD.isbeingheld14.Idontsupposethepoliceknowwhodidit.-Wellsurprisinglytheydo.Amanhasbeenarrestedand_now.A.hasbeenquestionedB.isbeingquestionedC.isquestioningD.hasquestioned15.Thenewtypeofcellphone_betterifitisadvertisedonTV.A.willsellB.sellsC.wouldsellD.sold,16.Thebridgewhich_lastyearlooksreallybeautiful.A.wasbuiltB.builtC.wassetupD.hadbeenbuilt17.Thiscloth_welland_long.Ok.Illtakeit.A.washes/lastsB.iswashed/lastedC.washes/islastedD.iswashing/lasting18.Anexhibitionofpaintings_atthemuseumnextweek.A.aretobeheldB.istobeheldC.areholdingD.willhold,19.Imsorry,sir.Yourrecorderisntreadyyet.It_inthefactory.A.isbeingrepairedB.isrepairedC.hasbeenrepairedD.hasntrepaired20.Everypossiblemeans,butnoneprovesuccessful.A.hastriedB