高一英语期末综合复习题（一）人教版知识精讲

高一英语高一英语期末综合复习题（一）期末综合复习题（一）人教版人教版 【同步教育信息】 一. 本周教学内容 期末综合复习题（一） 高一第一学期除复习已学过的直接宾语和间接宾语以及各种时态的被动语态外， 其中重要的语法项目为定语从句，下面仅就定语从句做一详细的复习。 定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代 词叫先行词。引导定语从句的关系代词有 who , whom , whose , which , that 等 和关系副词 where , when , why 等。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子 成分。 1. 由 who , whom , whose 引导的定语从句。 这类定语从句中 who 用作主语，whom 作宾语，whose 作定语。例如： This is the man who helped me . The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room . Do you know the man whose name is Wang Yu ? 在定语从句中，若先行词指人，其关系代词可用 who , whom , 也可用 that。 例如： The girl who（that）is speaking at the meeting is our monitor . 正在 会上发言的那个女孩子是我们的班长。 在下列情况下多用或须用 who。 （1）关系代词在从句中作主语时，多用 who。 Do you know the man who spoke just now ? 刚才发言的人你认识吗？ The doctor who treated me was very experienced . 给我治病的医生是很 有经验的。 （2）先行词为 all , anyone , one , ones 等时，多用 who。 All who heard the news were excited . 所有听到这消息的人都感到没奋。 Anyone who breaks the rule will be punished . 任何破坏法规的人将要受 到处罚。 （3）先行词为 those 和 people 时，多用 who。 Those who want to go please sign their names here . 想去的人请在这里 签名。 People who can see sometimes act just as foolishly . 有时候，眼睛看 得见的人也会做出同样的蠢事。 （4）在非限制性定语从句中须用 who。 Toms father , who is over sixty , still works hard . 汤姆的父亲已 年过六旬，依然努力工作着。 Mr Green , whom you saw in the library yesterday , will teach us physics next term . 格林先生，你昨天在图书馆见过他，下学期将教我们物理。 （5）在被分隔的定语从句中须用 who。 A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German . 教你们 德语的教师明天来。 （6）在以 there be 开头的句子中多用 who。 There is a stranger who wants to see our headmaster . 有个陌生人要见 我们的校长。 （7）一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词是 that，另一个须用 who。 The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very modest and studies very hard . 在会上受到表扬的学生是班长，他谦虚好学。 whose 引导定语从句应注意以下几点： whose 引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。例如：那就是我 们刚才看了他的绘画的那个孩子。 误 Thats the child whose we looked at drawing just now . 正 Thats the child whose drawing we looked at just now . whose 引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物。例如： Mr King , whose legs were badly hurt , was quickly taken to hospital . It was a meeting whose importance I didnt realize at the time . 这 次会议的重要性，我当时没有意识到。 I saw some trees whose leaves were black with disease . 我看见一些树， 它们的叶子因病而变成了黑色。 whose 在定语从句中与它所修饰的名词一起可作介词宾语，可以与介词放 在先行词与从句之间。例如： The boss in whose department Mr King worked had heard about the accident . Tom , on whose bike I went to school is a friend of mine . 汤姆是我 的一个朋友，我是骑着他的车去上学的。 whose 的先行词指物时，可用 of which 代替 whose，但词序不同，即 whose +名词= the +名词+ of which。例如： The novel whose title is Red and Black is very interesting . （= the title of which）题为红与黑的那部小说很有趣。 He lives in the room whose window faces south .（= the window of which）.他住在窗户朝南的房间里。 2. which 引导的定语从句。 which 在从句中作主语或谓语动词或介词的宾语。例如： This is the book which you want . The building which stands near the river is our school . The room in which there is a machine is workshop . 注意： （1）whom , which 作介词宾语时，介词一般可放在 which 之前，也可放在从 句原来的位置上，在含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来的位置上。 例如：This is the person whom you are looking for . （2）引导非限定性定语从句时，关系代词往往用 which , 不用 that。 例如：I have lost my pen , which I like very much . 3. 由 that 引导的定语从句 that 在定语从句中可以指人或物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语。但不 能放在介词后面作介词宾语。例如： The letter that I received was from my father . 注意：在下面几种情况下必须用“that”引导定语从句： （1）先行词是不定代词：all , few , little , much , something , nothing , anything 等。 例如：All that we have to do is to practise every day . （2）先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰。例如： The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten . （3）先行词被 all , any , every , few , little , no , some 等修饰。例 如： I have read all the books（that）you gave me . （4）先行词被 the only , the very , the same , the last 修饰时。例如： He is the only person that I want to talk to . （5）先行词既有人又有物时。例如： They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school . （6）当主句是以 who 或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从句须用 that，以 免与先行词重复。 Who is the boy that was here just now ? 刚才在这里的那个男孩子是谁？ Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this ? 我们当中懂得一些物理的人有谁不知道这个呢？ 4. 由 when , where , why 引导的定语从句。例如： I know the reason why he came late . This is the place where we lived for 5 years . I will never forget the day when I met Mr. Liu . 注意： 先行词是表示地点时，有时用 where，有时用 that 引导定语从句。这时要根 据从句的谓语动词是及物的还是不及物的，是及物的就用 that（which）否则用 where。例如： This is the house where he lived last year . This is the house that（which）he visited last year . 5. 限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句 （1）限定性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号 分开。引导非限定性定语从句的关系代词有 who , whom , whose , which , of which 等。这些关系代词都不能省略。 （2）非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有从句不影响主句意 思的完整。一般用逗号把主句和从句分开，通常不用关系代词 that。例如： I have two sisters , who are both students . I have lost the pen , which I like very much . 6. as 引导的定语从句 （1）as 用作关系代词和关系副词引导限定性定语从句，并在从句中作定语、 表语或状语，构成 the same as , such as 等结构。例如： I like the same book as you do .（as 作宾语） I shall do it in the same way as you did .（as 作状语） I want to have such a dictionary as he has .（as 作宾语） （2）as 引导非限定性定语从句。as 在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，这个 定语从句是说明整个句子，它可以放在主句之前。例如： As we all know , he studies very hard .（as 作宾语） As is known to all , he is the best student in our class . 常用的这种类似插入语的句式有 as is said above , as is known to all , as it is 等。 注意： 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保 持一致。 关系代词 whom , which , that 在限定性定语从句中作动词宾语或介词宾 语，而该介词又位于从句末尾时，经常省略，但 as 一般不省略。 关系代词 which 和 as 在定语从句中的区别是：which 不能放在句首，而 as 则可以；在句中时，as 有“正如”、“就象”之意，而 which 则没有。 同位语从句与定语从句的区别： 从意义上：同位语从句对名词或补充说明或进行解释，而定语从句进行修 饰、限定，相当于一个形容词的作用。 从结构上：同位语从句由连接代词/副词引导，最常用的连接词 that 一般 不省略，也不在从句中担任成分，而定语从句由关系代词/副词引导，that 在定语 从句中作主语不能省略，作宾语可省略。 从涵义上：同位语从句与所说明、解释的句词无逻辑关系，而定语从句所 修饰的句词是该从句逻辑上的主、宾、表、定、状语等。例如： A. The news that they had won the game arrived soon . 他们在比赛中获 胜了，这个消息很快传来了。（同位语从句）（the news 和 that they had won the game 无逻辑关系） B. The news that you told me yesterday is true . 昨天你告诉我的那个 消息是真的。（定语从句）（the news 在定语从句中相当于 told 的逻辑宾语。） 同位语从句说明、解释的句词有所限制，大多是一些表示抽象概念的名词， 而定语从句所修饰、限定的先行词无限制，既可指人、又可指物。 【模拟试题】 一. 选择填空 1. I will never forget the day I joined the League . A. which B. when C. in which D. on that 2. September 18 , 1931 is the day well never forget . A. thatB. whenC. on whichD. on that 3. I remember the day I first came to the college . A. on whichB. in whichC. whichD. that 4. It is the young man looked for caught the murderer . A. that who B. that theyC. they thatD. they which 5. I remember the day I first met you on . A. whichB. whenC. in whichD. on that 6. Is this factory we visited last year ? A. whereB. in whichC. the oneD. at which 7. This is the factory we visited last year . A. whereB. whichC. the oneD. at which 8. Is this the factory your father works ? A. whereB. whichC. of whichD. in that 9. This is the best factory I have visited all my life . A. whereB. whichC. whenD. that 10. Is this the factory colour TV sets are produced ? A. thatB. whichC. in whichD. in that 11. Have you found the woman purse was lost ? A. herB. of whichC. thatD. whose 12. Where is the window glass is broken ? A. whichB. thatC. whoseD. its 13. The book , the cover is broken , is not mine . A. of itB. forC. whoseD. of which 14. Who is the comrade was there ? A. whomB. thatC. whichD. whose 15. Whos the comrade you just shook hands with ? A. whomB. whichC. whoseD. of which 16. Do you know the comrade we are talking . A. to whomB. to whoC. whomD. to that 17. The comrade is speaking at the meeting is an advanced worker . A. whomB. whichC. whoD. whose 18. Mr. Green , has come for a visit to China , arrived in Shanghai yesterday . A. whomB. thatC. whichD. who 19. He met my mother , from he got the news of my sisters marriage . A. whomB. whoC. whichD. whose 20. The great trouble he show us how to run the machine him completely tired out . A. took to made B. takes to make C. took make D. take to to make 21. This is Mr Smith , I think has something interesting to tell you . A. whoB. whomC. thatD. 22. His father is an engineer , makes him very proud . A. for whatB. whichC. thatD. what 23. He talked about the teachers and schools he had visited . A. whichB. whoC. thatD. what 24. He is the only man I can find for the work . A. whos B. whoseC. thatD. which 25. I , your close friend , will try my best to help you out . A. who isB. who amC. that isD. what is 26. Mr Herpin is one of the foreign experts who in China . A. worksB. is workingC. are workingD. has been working 27. Mr Smith is the only one of those foreigners who in China . A. worksB. is workingC. are workingD. has been working 28. Who has seen the TV film doesnt admire it ? A. thatB. whoC. whichD. as 29. Those want to see the film please put down your names here . A. whichB. whatC. whoseD. who 30. He does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man . A. whatB. whoC. whichD. as 31. That was the reason Mac refused to speak at the meeting . A. whyB. thatC. whichD. of which 32. Do you know the reason he was late for school ? A. of itB. for itC. whichD. for which 33. That was the reason Mac refused to speak for at the meeting . A. whyB. thatC. for thatD. for which 34. That was the reason Mac gave me the other day . A. whyB. for thatC. whichD. for which 35. The picture has mountains and rivers is the one I like best . A. whichB. whoseC. whatD. where 36. Please bring back the dictionary I lent to you last week . A. whereB. whatC. whichD. who 37. The knife we cut the bread is very sharp . A. with whichB. that whichC. which withD. which 38. Mother bought me a dictionary on my birthday , made me very happy . A. whichB. thatC. whoD. whom 39. His dog , was now very old , became ill and died . A. itB. thatC. whoseD. which 40. I saw some trees , the leaves of were black with disease . A. thatB. whichC. whoseD. the trees 41. You must watch carefully everything the teacher does in class . A. whereB. thatC. whoD. what 42. He told me all he knew . A. whichB. whatC. thatD. who 43. This is one of the most exciting football games I have ever seen . A. thatB. whichC. whatD. whom 44. The last place we visited in the countryside was a farm . A. thatB. whichC. whereD. in which 45. The first English novel I read was Robinson Crusoe . A. whichB. thatC. whereD. who 二. 单项填空 1. In that case , number of deer will be . A. the ; increasedB. a ; added C. / ; more and more D. the ; developed 2. My sister has returned her school to return the book to the library . A. to ; to B. to ; / C. / ; / D. / ; to 3. is hoped that we can fly to the moon in a spaceship . A. ThereB. ThatC. ItD. What 4. There are so many mistakes in your exercises that you must do them . A. no longerB. by and byC. once moreD. any more 5. We couldnt find the necklace which last week . A. was lostB. lostC. missedD. had been lost 6. Weiwei , the pan is hot , please . A. take care of B. be carefullyC. take careD. be taken careful 7. At last we found out the boat . A. belonged to herB. was belonged to her C. belonged to hersD. was belonging to her 8. The boys left their home and tried to make in the city , but then they lost their . A. lives ; livesB. living ; lifeC. livings ; livesD. living ; lives 9. Is the temperature zero or zero ? A. on ; underB. over ; falling C. over; highD. above ; below 10. When the accident , I was staying at my home . A. broke outB. happenedC. took placeD. found 11. When the young man came in , he the bottle on the ground . A. fellB. droppedC. hitD. lay 12. When we came in , the young boy pretended very hard . A. to workB. to be workingC. to have workedD. working 13. Our headmaster replied us a laugh , “ Everything should be improved . ” A. / ; withB. / ; inC. to ; inD. to ; with 14. Why didnt you answer my letter in time ? I didnt receive it at all . A. Im becauseB. Thats forC. Its becauseD. This is since 15. Good Luck your trip ! . A. on ; Youre welcomeB. for ; Thats all right C. to ; Thank you D. with ; Many thanks 三. 完形填空 Scientists now believe the earths magnetic poles（地磁极）have changed many times . One 1 change may have taken place about 330 , 000 BC . This 2 is about when modern man first 3 on the earth . Many 4 now believe the magnetism（磁力现象）of the earth may have a 5 influence（影响）on life itself . In the 6 past many kinds of animals and plants died out suddenly , 7 the North and South magnetic Poles changed 8 . Animals , birds and 9 people are to some degree controlled by magnetic forces . When there is a 10 increase in magnetic strength , many animals have 11 in finding their way . Mice , 12 near a strong magnet , lost their hair and die 13 . And when the earths magnetism suddenly decreases , the 14 of men and women who kill themselves increases . How 15 does the earths magnetism 16 our lives ? We cannot know for 17 . We do know this magnetism is getting weaker and we know that in 2500 years the magnetic poles may change position 18 . And we know when 19 happened in the past there were enormous 20 in life on Earth . 1. A. similarB. suchC. probableD. certain 2. A. yearB. centuryC. dateD. moment 3. A. appearedB. cameC. producedD. made 4. A. peopleB. scientistsC. expertsD. specialists 5. A. surprisingB. poorC. completeD. strong 6. A. farB. distantC. longD. deep 7. A. whenB. ifC. beforeD. after 8. A. placeB. directionC. positionD. use 9. A. alsoB. tooC. someD. even 10. A. slowB. weakC. quickD. sudden 11. A. interestB. difficultyC. prideD. problem 12. A. lainB. placedC. comeD. stayed 13. A. earlyB. lateC. muchD. quietly 14. A. caseB. factC. numberD. chance 15. A. longB. muchC. oldD. weakly 16. A. makeB. causeC. connectD. control 17. A. certainB. clearC. freeD. ever 18. A. tooB. insteadC. againD. often 19. A. thoseB. thisC. thatD. these 20. A. influencesB. effectsC. movementsD. changes 四. 阅读理解 A Money spent on advertising is money spent as well as any I know of . It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable prices , there by establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices . By drawing attention to new ideas it helps enormously to raise standards of living . By helping to increase demand it ensures an increased need for labour , and is therefore an effective way to fight unemplyoyment . It lowers the costs of many services : without advertisements your daily newspaper would cost four times as much , the price of your television licence would need to be doubled , and travel by bus or tube would cost more . And perhaps most important of all , advertising provides a guarantee of reasonable value in the products and services you buy . Apart from the fact that twenty-seven Acts of Parliament govern terms of advertising , no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements . He might fool some people for a little while through misleading advertising . He will not do so for long , for mercifully the public has the good sense not to buy the inferior article more than once . If you see an article consistently advertised , it is the surest proof I know that the article does what is claimed for it , and that it represents good value . Advertising does more for the material benefit of the community than any other force I can think of . There is one more point I feel I ought to touch on . Recently I heard a well-known television personality declare that he was against advertising because it persuades rather than informs . He was drawing excessively fine distinctions . Of course advertising seeks to persuade . If its message were confined merely to information and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to a chieve , for even a detail such as the choice of the colour of shirt is subtly persuasive- advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention . But perhaps that is what the well-known television personality wants . 1. By the first sentence of the passage the author means that . A. he is fairly familiar with the cost of advertising B. everybody knows well that advertising is money consuming C. advertising cost money like everything else D. it is worthwhile to spend money on advertising 2. In the passage , which of the following is NOT included in the advantages of advertising ? A. Securing greater fame B. Providing more jobs C. Raising living standards D. Reducing newspaper cost 3. The author deems that the well-known TV personality is . A. very precise in passing his judgement on advertising B. interested in nothing but the buyers attention C. correct in telling the difference between persuasion and information D. obviously partial in his views on advertising 4. What attitude does the author hold for advertising ? A. Negative B. Positive C. Ridiculous D. Not stated B No author in American literature（文学）is better known or more loved than Samuel Langhorne Clements . He grew up on the banks of the Mississippi River and later adopted（采用）the pen name of “ Mark Twain ” from the call of the boatmen of the Mississippi . It was during the Civil War that Mark Twains life as a writer started . At that time he was working as a newspaperman in Nevada and California . His short story , “ The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County ” , was an immediate success . In 1870 , Mark Twain married Olivia Langdon . He had fallen in love with her picture even before he met her . According to his biographers（传记作者）, his wife had a great influence on Twains later books . “ Tom Sawyer ” and “ Huckleberry Finn ” are considered Twains best works . His last book was completed in 1909 , one year before his death . He was then 74 years old . 5. Samuel Langhorne Clements was . A. one of the boatmen B. a stranger C. Mark Twains friend D. Mark Twains real name 6. “ He had fallen in love with her picture even before he met her ” means . A. he had loved her picture before he fell in love with her B. he had loved her for long time before he married her C. he had fallen