冠词的分类 新课标 人教版

冠词的分类二、不定冠词的主要用法1 表示“一”这个数量概念，比one意思稍弱e.g.: The plan will be ready in a week or two.2 表示某人或某物，但不具体说明哪个, 相当于anye.g.: This poem was written by a student.注：在1,2两项中，如果名词变复数，把a换成数词或不定代词some, any等即可。e.g.: The plan will be ready in three weeks.3 表示某一类人或事物e.g.: Even a child can answer this question.注：句中名词变复数时，去掉不定冠词a/an即可。4 和表示时间或度量衡的名词连用表示“每日”、“每斤”等e.g.: I take a two-mile walk twice a day.5 用于固定词组e.g.: have/take a shower have/take a bathtake a walk give a lecturea lot of a couple ofas a rule have a headachea few a little a bit6. 不定冠词用于有形容词修饰的季节, 日期前面The traffic accident happened on a Sunday towards the end of July.7. 用于序数词前面, 表示三、定冠词的主要用法1 特指某人、某物，以区别于其他人、物e.g.: This is the head of our delegation.2 用于谈话双方都明确的人、物前e.g.: Take the medicine after meals.3 用于上文提到过的人、物前e.g.: There is a new book on the desk. Give me the book.4 用于世界上独一无二的事物前e.g.: the (sun, moon, earth, sky, world, globe, equator（赤道）, universe（宇宙）, atmosphere)5 用于序数词前e.g.: the first one, the second one, etc.6 用于形容词最高级前e.g.: Autumn is the best season here.7 用于表示方位（东、西、南、北、中、左、右）的名词前e.g.: Tianjin is in the east of China.但 from east to west 之类的结构除外8 用于某些江、河、湖、海、山川、海湾、沙漠前e.g.: the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the Baltic (Sea)(波罗的海)，the Himalayas(喜马拉雅山), the Taiwan Straits, the Sahara（撒哈拉沙漠）9 用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前，如国家、组织机构、某些报纸名e.g.: the Peoples Republic of China, the United Nations, the Times, the Peoples Daily10用于姓氏复数前，表示一家人，e.g.: the Browns 布朗一家11用于形容词前，表示一类人，e.g.: the old, the poor12用于演奏的乐器、文娱艺术活动等名称前e.g.: play (the piano, the violin, the flute, the cello),go to (the cinema, the theatre, the movies, the concert)13用于逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代e.g.: in the 1990s (二十世纪九十年代)14用于表示发明物的单数名词前e.g.: Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.15用于单数可数名词前，表示某一类人或事物e.g.: The horse is a useful animal.16当用来指人体部位时，在介词之后通常用the 来代替物主代词e.g.: I had a cold in the head.(头部受了风)He became very red in the face.He was wounded in the leg.He took (lead, seize, catch) me by the arm (hair).beat sb. on the nose/head,be blind in the left (right) eyebe deaf in the left (right) ear17用于某些固定词组e.g.: in the morning (afternoon, evening, daytime)at the momenton the phonethe whole dayby the wayin the endon the other handon the whole (大体上) 对应的 as a whole (就整个来看)in the city 对应的 in townat the back of(in back of) 对应的 in front of (在前面)在后面in the distance (在远处) 对应的 at a distance of +数词（在多远处）四、不用冠词的场合1 可数名词复数、不可数名词表示一类或泛指时e.g.: Teachers must love their students.Unity is strength.2 专有名词（洲、国家、人名）前，一般不用冠词e.g.: Asia, Japan, Jim3 球类、棋类等体育运动以及三餐前e.g.: play (volleyball, table tennis, chess, cards)have (breakfast, lunch, dinner)注：如特指某一餐，需加不定冠词a/ane.g.: They had a wonderful dinner at that hotel last night.4 学科、语言、（医学中）大部分疾病名、某些报刊名前e.g.: chemistry, English, High blood pressure, China Daily5 季节、月份、星期、节日前，一般不加冠词，但有限定性定语修饰或表示一特定的时间时，就要加定冠词e.g.: School begins in September.We have few classes on Saturday.但：She came to Tianjin in the spring of 1998.Where do you plan to spend the summer?6 大多数学校、街道、公园、广场、桥梁、车站、机场等名称前e.g.: Tian An Men Square, Nanjing Road, Tianjin Railway Station7 在描述交通方式时e.g.: by car, by bus, by bike, by train, on foot, etc.I go to school by bike every day.但take a bus, come in a boat, on the train/bus 等表示具体的交通工具时要用冠词8 系动词turn（变成）后面作表语的单数可数名词前习惯不用冠词e.g.: The young worker has turned writer.=The young worker has become a writer.9 称呼语或指家里雇用的nurse, cook 等名词前及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作宾语、补语及同位语时，一般不加冠词e.g.: Whats this, mother?Ask nurse to put the child to bed.Lincoln was made president of the United States again.10As引导的让步状语从句，作表语的名词前不用冠词e.g.: Child as she is, she knows a lot of English.11 在单数名词+after +同一单数名词（表示“一个接一个”）结构中，单数可数名词前不加冠词e.g.: She did experiment after experiment.shop after shop, mistake after mistake, etc. 当两个或两个以上的名词用and 连接时，如带有对比的含义或习惯上总在一起使用，常省去冠词e.g.: husband and wife, brother and sister, day and night,body and soul, knife and fork12当两个形容词最高级并列修饰同一名词时，第二个形容词前常不用thee.g.: She is the tallest and fattest girl in our class.13No 与such 连用时，no 应放在such 之前，such 后的名词前不用冠词e.g.: No such thing has ever happened in this village.14church, school, hospital, prison, university 等单数可数名词指机构（institution）时，其前常不用冠词；如果不指机构而指一座具体建筑（building），其前又常用冠词。e.g.: They go to church every Sunday morning.（上教堂）The church was pulled down for a new and bigger one.She stayed in hospital for three weeks after the accident.(住院)He walked into the hospital through a side entrance.注：用法类似的词还有：bed, class, table, town 等。e.g.: The family were at table when he arrived.（在吃饭）Why not remove the table? Its in the way.Youre not going to town with him, are you?（进城）The town used to be rather small. Now it extends miles and miles.15有时在新闻标题、工商业文件、广告、电报、公告、提纲、书名中，为了节省空间、时间、金钱和精力，或为了引起注意，省去冠词e.g.: Conference opens.考点：在考试中，冠词部分的题常见的有以下类型：1 各种应该使用冠词的情况e.g.: They went to _ Smiths and stayed there for half an hour.A. the B. a C. an D. / (2002津春季高考) (答案A）2 各种不应该使用冠词的情况e.g.: On _ Christmas Day people like to send Christmas cards to each other.A. the B. a C. one D./ (2001津春季高考) (答案D)3 冠词的固定用法e.g.: All of _ sudden the child rushed out from _ the door.A. the, behind B. a, behind C. /, behind D. the, /(2002津春季高考) (答案B)4 不定冠词a/an 用法的区别e.g.: Is his girl friend _ European or _ American? (2000津春季高考)A. a, / B. an, an C. an, / D. a, an （答案D）课后习题难点讲解：P39. 强化训练A 巩固练习-第9小题Mike was elected _/_ captain of the team.-分析-：按照我们上面“不用冠词的场合”讲的，在表示独一无二头衔、职务的名词作补语时，其前不用冠词，所以captain前什么也不填。（书上答案错误）-第15小题The play, Hamlet, attracted a large audience.-分析-：首先，第一个空特指Hamlet这部剧，无疑应该填定冠词the。这里主要是audience前的第二个空，audience 本身是一个集体名词，可数。分析这样的词时，我们要看它强调的是整体还是整体中的每一个个体，如：My family is a large one. (把family 看作了一个整体)My family were listening to the tape. (强调的是family中的每一个成员)本题中audience 强调的是“一大群观众”这样一个整体概念，所以应该填a。-第22小题give up + ving : give up 后直接跟动名词表示放弃做某事。Exercises:1. Please pay attention to your spelling. Youve dropped _ “m” here.A. an B. the C. / D. a2. That evening _ Greens sat before a bright fire and had _ nice supper.A. the, a B. /, / C. /, a D. the, /3. _ elephant is useful to human beings.A. The B. This C. That D. A4. The man was in _ hurry to catch _ train.A. a, / B. a, the C