高考英语 课本回归早读晚练32

高考英语课本回归早读晚练32早读：.词汇短语过关1desire v. 期望 n欲望，希望，请求desirable adj. 值得拥有的，可取的，有利的have no desire for sth. 对没有欲望have a strong desire to do sth.迫切想做某事do sth. at sb.s desire应的要求做某事satisfy ones desires 满足某人的欲望/愿望desire for sth. 渴望得到desire to do/sb. to do sth. 迫切希望做/某人做某事desirethat主语(should)动词原形(虚拟语气)It is desirable that主语(should)动词原形是可取的。即学即练1(1)They _ to learn a second language.他们不想学另一种语言。(2)I _ to a famous university.我很想上一所名牌大学。have no desire , desire to go(3)Most people _ a lot of knowledge.大多数人渴求更多的知识。(4)The couple _ their son _ to a famous university.那对夫妻迫切地希望他们的儿子能上名牌大学。desire for , desired , to go(5)The group leader desired that we _ it right away.那个组长迫切希望我们现在就开始做那件事。(should) do2alarm n警报；惊恐 vt.使警觉；使惊恐；惊动give/raise/sound the alarm发警报take(the) alarm at.对感到吃惊；因而惊恐be alarmed at/for.被吓一跳即学即练2(1)He _ when the robber came in.抢劫犯一进门他就报了警。(2)I hope you didnt _ the news.我希望你没有因为听到那个消息而惊慌。sounded the alarm , take alarm at(3)The noise of the shot _ hundreds of birds.枪声惊动了千百只鸟。alarmed3sympathy n同情，同情心；赞同，支持have/feel sympathy for sb./sth.对某人/某物表示同情get sympathy from sb.获得某人的同情out of sympathy出于同情(have) sympathy with/for.赞同(支持)in sympathy with sb./sth.支持某人/某事即学即练3(1)It is his own fault, so hell _ _ me.这是他自己的错，所以我不会去同情他。(2)We all _ the victims of the Wenchuan Earthquake.我们所有人对汶川大地震的遇难者都深表同情。get no , sympathy from , have great sympathy for(3)Do you _ his point of view？你同意他的观点吗？(4)Im _ you on that point.在那一点上，我同意你的看法。have any sympathy with , in sympathy with4favour (favor) n喜爱；恩惠，帮忙；优惠vt.喜爱；偏袒ask a favor of sb.求人帮一个忙，求人做某事do a favor for sb.帮某人一个忙，给某人做件事be in(out of) favor(with)受宠(失宠)，得到(不受)偏爱in favor of赞成，主张in ones favor对某人有利即学即练4(1)May I _ you？请您帮个忙行吗？(2)Was he _ the death penalty?他赞成死刑吗？(3)_ and turn the radio down while Im on the phone, will you?劳驾，我在打电话时把收音机的声音调小点好吗？ask a favor of , in favor of , Do me a favor5accompany vt. 陪伴；伴奏accompany sth. with/by sth. 与同时存在或发生accompany sb. at/on sth. 用给某人伴奏accompany sb. to do sth. 陪某人去做某事accompany sb. to. 陪某人到be accompanied by.由伴奏即学即练5(1)Strong winds _ heavy rain.狂风夹着暴雨。(2)Children under 14 must _ an adult.14岁以下的儿童必须有成人陪伴。(3)I will _ Professor Li _ the station.我要送李教授去车站。were accompanied by , be accompained by , accompany , to6declare v. 表明；声明；宣布；宣告；宣称declare sth. 宣布某事declare sb./sth. (to be)adj. 宣布某人/某物declare off 取消(约定等)declare for/against sb./sth.表示赞成/不赞成某人/某事declare oneself 表明态度；发表意见即学即练6(1)I _ this exhibition _.我宣布展览会开幕。(2)The doctor finally _ the man was dead.医生最终宣布该男子死亡。(3)Police have now _ drug dealers in the area.警方已经对这个地区的毒贩宣战了。declare , open , declared that , declared war on(4)Paredes decided to _ federation.帕雷德斯决定声明支持联邦政府。declare for7test out试验；测试；检查turn out证明是；生产；出来put out熄灭；出版let out泄露；放出，发出set out着手，开始find out找出try out试验figure out合计，计算出；想出即学即练7(1)They _ the new sports car.他们测试了那部新跑车。(2)Id better have my eyes _.我该去检查视力了。(3)Drugs should be _ animals.药品应先在动物身上做试验。tested out , tested , tested on(4)Guess the meaning of the words in the two boxes, then _ a few more words that you can add to each box.猜两个方框中单词的意思，并想出一些可以加入其中的单词。(5)All this may _ to be impossible.这一切也许会被证明是不可能的。figure out , turn out(6)He _ a cry of surprise.他惊讶地叫了一声。(7)They had _ the fire before we arrived there.我们到达之前，他们已扑灭了火。let out , put out8turn around 转向；回转turn away 走开，离开；把打发走turn down 拒绝，摒斥(提议、建议、提建议的人等)turn sb. in 把某人交给警察，向警方交出某人turn sth. in 上缴，缴回；交出turn out 证明为；结果turn into 使成为；使变成；翻译成turn over 反复考虑，倒转turn to 转向；求救于，求助于turn up 找到，发现；出现，来到即学即练8用适当的介、副词填空(1)Turn _ and let me look at your back.(2)We were more than halfway up the mountain, so we didnt want to turn _.(3)Please turn the television _ a bit as our baby is sleeping.around , around , down(4)Nobody can turn _ the wheel of history.(5)The plan turned _ to be a failure.(6)We often turn _ this handbook for information on transistors.(7)Why did they suddenly turn you _？(8)As he had broken the rule of the factory, he was turned _.back , out , to , down , away(9)He promised to come, but hasnt turned _.up9leave.alone 不管；不要打扰；让一个人单独待着leave behind 留下；不带走；忘了带leave for 动身去leave off 停止；结束leave out 省略；忘掉；漏掉leave.aside 搁置一边；不予考虑leave it with me 把这事留给我吧leave sth. for sb. 把某物递交给某人即学即练9(1)Go away and _！走开，别打扰我！Ive told you before_！我告诉过你别碰我的东西！leave me alone , leave my things alone提示：(1)leave/let sb./sth. alonelet sb./sth. be 别管；不打扰；不碰；顺其自然。(2)let alone 更不用说。如：There isnt enough room for us, let alone any guests.连我们都没有足够的空间，更不用说客人们了。(2)用适当的介、副词填空I think we should leave _ now and have a cup of tea.Can you tell me the time? Ive left my watch _.She left _ an important detail in her account.Dont you think wed leave _ the concert now?A railway station is no place for a child to be left _ at night.off , behind , out , for , alone10set aside 留出，拨出，把置于一旁lay aside 放在一边，积蓄put aside 积蓄，搁一搁set off 出发，起程，引爆set about 着手/开始做(后接名词、动名词)set out 出发，开始做(后接不定式)set down 放下，记下set up 建立，树立，搭起set.back 使推迟，耽误set forth 出发，动身，起程，阐明，陈述即学即练10(1)Ive _ some money for the journey.我为那趟旅行存了一些钱。He _ all offers _.所有的提议他都置之不理。set aside , set , aside(2)用适当的介、副词填空Why dont you set your ideas _ on paper?They have set _ on a journey around the world.I set _ to knit a sweater but in the end it became a vest.A new government was set _ after the civil war.Do you know how to set _ going on this work?down , off/out , out , up , about易 错 点 拨 自我完善误区备考1.affair/thing/matter/business/event(1)affair 意为“事情”“事件”，含义较广，泛指已做或待做的事。复数 affairs 一般指商业事务及政府的日常事务，如财政事务、外交事务等。(2)thing 意为“事情”“事物”，不管大事还是小事，好事还是坏事均可称为 thing;thing的复数形式 things 可作“形势”解。(3)matter 意为“事件”“事故”，系普通用词，常指需要考虑和处理的事情，而不强调行动，matter 作“物质”解时，是不可数名词。(4)business 作“商务”“买卖”解时，不能用复数形式，常常指所指派的任务、职责，有时说的是指派的工作或商业上的买卖活动等。常用的短语有 in business “经商”；on business “有事，因公”等。(5)event 多指“大事件”，尤指重要、有意思或不寻常的事件。应用1(1)I cant say which wine is bestits a(n) _ of personal taste.(2)Its none of your _.(3)What were the chief _ last year?(4)He thought she was having a(n)_matter , business , events , affair2. declare/announce(1)declare 指正式和明确地向公众“宣布”“宣告”“声明”，侧重“当众”发表，多用于宣战、议和、宣判某人有罪、宣布国家独立等，declare 后可跟复合宾语。(2)announce 指含有预告意味的“宣布”“宣告”或“发表”，指公开地或官方性质的“宣布”，侧重“预告”人们所关心或感兴趣的事情，尤指新闻之类的消息，后如需接间接宾语时，要在间接宾语前加 to.应用2(1)It was _ that there would be a celebration on Sunday.据宣布，星期日要举行庆祝(活动)。(2)This powerful country _ war on that small country.这个大国向那个小国宣战。(3)The court _ the young man guilty.法庭宣布这位年轻人有罪。announced , declared , declared(4)The little girl _ that she would do an experiment on Friday.这个小女孩向大家宣布她要在星期五做个实验。announced3. have sb./sth. do/doing/done/to do/to be done的用法应用3(1)Youd better have your car _ slowly.你最好把车子开慢点。(2)I wont have you _ to your mother like that.我不允许你这样与你妈妈说话。running , talking(3)I have had Tom _ the housework again.我已让汤姆重新做了一遍家务。(4)He had his wallet _ the station.在车站他让人掏了钱包。(5)Im sorry I cant go to the movie with you. I have lots of letters _.(回信是主语的动作)对不起我不能与你一起看电影了，我有很多信要回。do , picked at , to answer(6)Dolla, you cant leave the office now. I have some letters _.多拉，你现在还不能走，我有些信需要打印。(打印不是主语的动作，是多拉做的事情)to be typed晚练： 自我测评技能备考.单词拼写1He has a strong d_ for knowledge.2Can you do me the f_ to fetch some chalk?3The girl has a t_ for drawing and has won a national prize.4She is the e_ of the whole street.5She never expressed any s_ when he was injured.desire , favour , talent , envy , sympathy6The _ (全体员工) of our company is excellent.7The singer was _ (伴随) by the piano.8You must _ (服从) the order and do as I told you.9I _ (宣布) the meeting closed.10What an _ (荒唐的) suggestion!staff , accompanied , obey , declared , absurd .单项选择1(2020河北正定中学)Every year in China, _ day is set aside to honor and show respect to _ elders.A/; the Bthe; the Ca; / Da; the答案：D解析：考查冠词。语意为“在中国，为了向老年人表示尊敬，每年有一天被定为敬老日”。day为可数名词，在此表示泛指，故其前用a修饰；elders前加the表示老年人。2Its unnatural for a mother to leave her child _ to enjoy herself.Aalone Bbehind Cout Doff答案：A解析：leave.alone表示“丢下不管”，是一个固定短语。3The accident happened on such an evening with strong winds _ by heavy rain.Aappeared Bhappened Caccompanied Dmixed答案：C解析：本题中过去分词短语accompanied by heavy rain做定语修饰winds, accompany意为“伴随、陪伴”，符合语境。4We are not ready to go into production yet. The new switch mechanism isnt fully _.Aworked out Bturned out Cleft out Dtested out答案：D解析：test out表示“试验”。句意为：我们还不准备投产，新开关系统装置还未完全调试好。只有test out符合语意要求。5Men and women should be treated equally according to the law, but _ there is great room for improvement.Ain reality Babove all Cafter all Din return答案：A解析：句意：根据法律男人和女人应该受到平等的对待。但事实上，这还有很大的改进空间。in reality事实上；above all最重要的是；after all毕竟；in return作为回报，作为报答。6We desire that immediate help_to the local villagers who have been trapped by the flood.Abe given Bwill be given Cshould give Dis given答案：A解析：desire宾语从句中用“should动词原形”，其中 should 可以省略。因为 help和 give 之间是被动关系，故C错误。7Young people should concern themselves with state _.Abusiness Bmatters Cincidents Daffairs答案：D解析：state affairs 指“国事”。8It is rather _ that we still do not know how many species there are in the world today.Amisleading Bembarrassing Cboring Ddemanding答案：B解析：句意：我们还不知道目前世界上的动植物有多少种，这是令人尴尬的事。embarrassing “令人尴尬的”；misleading “令人误解的”；boring “令人厌倦的”；demanding “(工作)苛求的，费力的”。9Im sure we can manage to do it, for our luck has _.Aturned down Bturned in Cturned around Dturned away答案：C解析：turn around 转向，回转；turn down 拒绝，关小(声音等)；turn in 上交； turn away 打发走。10Busy as they are, parents should _ at least two hours every week to spend with their children.Aset out Bset away Cset aside Dset off答案：C解析：句意为“尽管很忙，父母每周也应该拿出至少两个小时的时间与孩子们在一起”。set aside at least two hours 留出或拿出至少两个小时的时间。11The teacher was not satisfied with Toms _ for his being late yesterday.Aaccusation Bexplanation Cdeclaration Ddesire答案：B解析：explanation “解释，解说”，此处指对迟到的解释。accusation 控告，谴责；declaration 宣告，声明； desire 欲望。12(2020江西师大附中一模)Jacks speech was heard by a group of live judges, all of _ agreed that it was the best one this year.Awho Bwhich Cthat Dwhom答案：D解析：考查定语从句。先行词是人，又是非限制性定语从句，排除B、C两项。关系代词作介词of的宾语，所以选whom.13(2020上海春招)The employees _ that they should renew their contracts within a week.Aadvise Bhave advised Care advised Dhad been advised答案：C解析：考查动词的语态。语意：(公司)建议员工在一周内签合同。根据题意。The employees与advise为动宾关系，所以应该用被动结构，故选C项。14The old woman _ her sons and daughters _ and see her from time to time.Asuggested; to come Bhoped; to come Cdesired; coming Ddesired; to come答案：D解析：考查 desire sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事。suggest 和 hope 都不能搭配 sb. to do sth. 结构。15He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets had been sold out.Ato be told Bto tell Ctold Dtelling答案：A解析：“only不定式”做结果状语，表示动作的结果，该结果常常出乎意料。根据句意可判断出 he是 tell的动作被执行者，所以要用不定式的被动式，表示被告知。 .阅读理解AWhat is an animal? For many people, an animal has four legs, a head at the front and a tail at the back. There are, in fact, many different kinds of animals. Some are so small that you cannot see them with human eyes. Some have no head, no mouth and no legs. Some live in the ocean. Some cant fly. They come in thousands of different shapes, sizes and colors.One of the largest groups of animals is the insect group. These animals have six parts to their bodies. Many insects cause human problems. Some carry diseases. Others are a problem because they eat the food that farmers grow. But there are insects, like bees andbutterflies, which we need because they help flowers and fruit to grow.Like many of the insects, birds have wings and can fly. There are many different types of birds. Some eat fish and are happy living near rivers or the ocean. Others liketo live in the countryside or near towns in flocks of many hundreds and mostly eat insects, and there are birds, like the mountain eagles, which eat meat with their strong sharp beaks. They also have sharp claws on their feet, which are perfect for hunting and killing.Like birds, mammals are warmblooded, and just as all birds have feathers, all mammals have hair on their bodies. Sometimes you can hardly see the hair.Sometimes the hair is very thick, and then it is called fur. There are several different groups of mammals. There are the cats, which include lions and tigers; there are animals with large front teeth, which include mice and rats;there are the sea mammals, which include the whale, the largest animal in the world. Then there are animals which have two arms and can walk on two legs like monkeys and, of course, humans.Fish and reptiles are coldblooded animals. Fish live in the ocean, but reptiles usually live on the land. Reptiles are probably the least popular animals. They include the long thin snakes that many people are afraid of. However, some people keep snakes in their homes as pets.1According to the passage, an animal _.Ahas four legs, a head at the front and a tail at the backBis a living thing which is quite strong to humansCis so small that people cant see it with human eyesDmay come in a different shape, size and color2Why are insects commonly considered to be harmful?AThey are among the largest groups of animals.BThey all have six legs and three parts to their bodies.CMany of them bring trouble like disease to humans.DThey help flowers and fruit to grow every year.3How are birds different from mammals?AThey have wings which help them to fly.BThey are warmblooded animals.CThey like to live in the countryside or near the ocean.DThey have sharp teeth, which are perfect for hunting and killing.4Which of the animals below belong to reptiles?ARabbits. BButterflies.CSwallows. DSnakes.答案及解析：1D.推理判断题。根据第一段可知动物大小各异，颜色各异。2C.事实细节题。从第二段Many insects cause human problems.可知，许多昆虫会给人类带来麻烦，或传染疾病或破坏粮食。3A.事实细节题。通过比较三、四段的内容可知鸟类和哺乳动物最大的不同是鸟类有翅膀。4D.词义猜测题。reptile意为爬行动物，故只有snakes符合。BThe run-up to the launch of Chinas first lunar orbiter at the end of this month has caught the countrys imagination, with more than two thirds of the nation hoping to see the launch live on TV, according to a survey.According to the survey by China Youth Daily and , almost the entire nation hopes to catch images of the event at some point, with 99 percent of the 10 358 respondents saying they expected to witness the satellite launch and 68.9 percent said they were certain to watch the live broadcast of the launch. On and , two popular Web portals in the country, Internet users have contributed some 2 000 poems and 5 000 drawings on the theme of Change 1.“The satellite launch means much more than just saying hello to the moon. Maybe in the future we could also send some people to accompany Sister Change，” said a college student in the survey.Remarkably, many people expect to visit the moon one day, with 93.4 percent of respondents saying they expected to do so.Change is named after Change, a famous character from Chinese mythology. She ascended from the earthto live on the moon as a celestial being after drinking an elixir.There is also another connection between the moon and China. In the 1970s, a crater on the moon was named after a Chinese stargazer, Wan Hu, who is said to be the first astronaut in human history.Legend says about 600 ye