陕西省西安市2020高考英语阅读理解和短文改错暑假选练11

陕西省西安市2020高考英语阅读理解和短文改错暑假选练11阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。What does it mean to say that we live in a world of persuasion? It means that we live among competing interests. Your roommates need to study for an exam may take priority (优先) over pizza. Your instructor may have good reasons not to change your grade. And the object of your romantic/interest may have other choices.In such a world, persuasion is the art of getting others to give fair and favorable consideration to our points of view. When we persuade, we want to influence how others believe and behave. We may not always prevail other points of view may be more persuasive, depending on the listener, the situation, and the merit of the case. But when we practice the art of persuasion, we try to ensure that our position receives the attention it deserves.Some people, however, object to the very idea of persuasion. They may regard it as an unwelcome interruption into their lives. Just the opposite, we believe that persuasion is unavoidable to live is to persuade. Persuasion may be ethical (合乎道义的) or unethical, selfless or selfish, inspiring or degrading. Persuaders may enlighten our mind or prey on our vulnerability. Ethical persuasion, however, calls on sound reasoning and is sensitive to the feelings and needs of listeners. Such persuasion can help us apply the wisdom of the past to the decisions we now must make. Therefore, the most basic part of education is learning to resist the one kind of persuasion and to encourage and practice the other.Beyond its personal importance to us, persuasion is necessary to society. The right to persuade and be persuaded is the bedrock of the American political system, guaranteed by the First Amendment to the Constitution (美国宪法).1. According to the passage, persuasion means _.A. changing others points of viewB. exercising power over other peopleC. getting other people to consider your point of viewD. getting people to agree with you and do what you want2. The underlined word in the second paragraph “prevail” means_.A. win B. fail C. speak D. listen3. The passage states that some people object to persuasion because they think it is _.A. a danger to society B. difficult to do wellC. unwelcome behavior D. never successful4. The passage mainly discusses _.A. how people persuadeB. why people persuadeC. that persuasion is both good and badD. that persuasion is important and it is all around us【答案与解析】1. C 细节题。将第二段中persuasion is the art of getting others to give fair and favorable consideration to our points of view与各选项进行比较可知。2. A 词义题。由破折号后面的句子other points of view may be more persuasive可知，我们不一定占上风，故选A。3. C 细节题。由第三段中第一二句Some peopleinto their lives可知。4. D 主旨题。根据第一段对we live in a world of persuasion的理解，第三段中we believe that persuasion is unavoidable-to live is to persuade 及最后一段中persuasion is necessary to society与各选项进行比较可确定选D。阅读理解。There were smiling children all the way. Charily they knew at what time the train passed their homes and they made it their business to stand along the railway, wave to complete strangers and cheer them up as they rushed towards Penang. Often whole families stood outside their homes and waved and smiled as if those on the trains were their favorite relatives. This is the simple village people of Malaysia. I was moved.I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car, so this was the first time I was on a train. I did not particularly relish the long train journey and had brought along a dozen magazines to read and reread. I looked about the train. There was not one familiar face. I sighed and sat down to read my Economics.It was not long before the train was across the Causeway and in Malaysia. Johor Bauru was just another city like Singapore, so I was tired of looking at the crowds of people as they hurried past. As we went beyond the city, I watched the straight rows of rubber trees and miles and miles of green. Then the first village came into sight, Immediately I came alive; I decided to wave hack.From then on my journey became interesting. I threw my magazines into the waste basket and decided to join in Malaysian life. Then everything came alive. The mountains seemed to speak to me. Even the trees were smiling. I stared at everything as if I was looking at it for the first time.The day pass（）ed fast and I even forgot to have my lunch until I felt hungry. I looked at my watch and was surprised that it was 3:00 pm. Soon the train pulled up at Butterworth. I looked at the people all around me. They all looked beautiful. When my uncle arrived with a smile, I threw my arms around him to give him a warm hug (拥抱). I had never done this before. He seemed surprised and then his weather-beaten face warmed up with a huge smile. We walked arm in arm to his car.I looked forward to the return journey.( ) 1. The author expected the train trip to beA. adventurous B. pleasant C. exciting D. dull( ) 2.What did the author remember most fondly of her train trip?A. The friendly country people.B. The mountains along the way.C. The crowds of people in the streets.D. The simple lunch served on the train.( ) 3.Which of the following words can best take the place of the word “relish” in the second paragraph?A. choose B. enjoy C. prepare for D. carry on( ) 4.Where was the writer going?A. Johor Bauru. B. The Causeway. C. Butterworth. D. Singapore.( ) 5.What can we learn from the story?A. Comfort in traveling by train. B. Pleasure of living in the country.C. Reading gives people delight. D. Smiles brighten people up.1.选D。根据第二段，作者是第一次坐长途火车，带了很多杂志看，可以看出作者一开始认为坐火车是dull（乏味的）。2.选A。根据第一段，马来西亚人很热情，总会微笑着在站台上对火车里的陌生人挥手，欢迎乘客来到马来西亚。作者很感动。3.选B。参照第71题。作者开始并不享受火车之旅。4.选C。倒数第二段，Soon the train pulled up at Butterworth.火车在Butterworth停下来。5.选D。文章主要讲述作者从看到马来西亚人总会在站台上笑对火车里的陌生人挥手后，心情由无聊、乏味变成高兴。可以看出，微笑能让人提起精神。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。体裁：记叙文话题：人生百态时间：7分钟The Olympic medal ceremonies have already begun.But some athletes hardly disguise their disappointment when silver and not gold is hung around their necks.The British judo silver medallist Neil Adams calls his two from the 1980s “losers medals”Until four years ago，they were in a box at the back of a cupboard.His wife then had them framed for his 50th birthday and they are now up on the wall.Adams feels proud when he looks at them，but his thoughts quickly turn to “what ifs”“I wouldnt change much”，he adds.And he wouldnt need to.Gold was within his grasp twice，but slipped away by a narrow margin on the judo mat.“The losses at the Olympic Games were the most difficult thing for me to accept，” he said.“I didnt win the silver medal.I lost the gold.In my mind they were losses.It has taken more than 30 years to get over it.”Mark Cavendish，Jessica Ennis and Mo Farah have never won Olympic gold，but they came into London 2020 as three of Team GBs biggest medal hopes.Unfortunately，Cavendish has already suffered disappointment in the cycling road race.Neil Adams was in that same position in both the 1980 and 1984 games.However，in a career in which he collected every other judo accolade，things simply went wrong at the Olympics.In Moscow 1980，Adams was just 21 years old and found the media focus and pressure of expectation too much.Asked about being a favourite，Adams said：“It is hell，and about how you cope with it in the mind.It can make you afraid to win or lose and there is a difference.I was afraid to lose.Sometimes you freeze.Sometimes it takes you over.”Adams says that he was very cautious and that when something was tactical and technical he approached it too tactically.Perhaps its better to go in with a nothing to lose attitude.That might be the reason why the Olympic Games have often created surprise results.Sometimes its the ones who keep their cool and work the hardest who get the results.【语篇导读】参加奥运会的运动员都希望获得金牌，而那些与金牌失之交臂获得银牌的运动员的心里是什么滋味儿呢？1Where are Neil Adamssilver medals now?AAround his neck. BAt the back of a cupboard.CIn a box. DOn the wall.解析细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，现在这两枚银牌被他的妻子裱框后挂在了墙上。答案D2How long did Adams keep the medals in the box?AMore than 30 years. BMore than 40 years.CMore than 20 years. DNo more than 20 years.解析细节理解题。根据文章内容可知，他分别于1980年和1984年参加奥运会，并分别夺得了一枚银牌，但他的两枚银牌是在四年前才从盒子里拿出来的，也就是2020年，那么第一枚银牌在盒子里放了28年，第二枚银牌放了24年。因此答案应为20多年。答案C3Adams always felt it a pity to win silver medals because _.Ahe was narrowly beaten by the championBhe didnt try his bestChe lacked techniquesDhe was too greedy解析细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句可知，他本来是能够获胜的，但最后都是对手勉强获得冠军，这让他觉得很可惜。答案A4What advice does the author give to other athletes?ATry to become the media focus.BKeep their cool and work hard.CTry to do better next time.DUse as many techniques as possible.解析细节理解题。根据文章最后一句可知，作者建议其他运动员要保持冷静并努力锻炼，因此选择B。答案B。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。体裁：说明文话题：游戏与学习时间：7分钟A study suggests playing video games that might help dyslexic(诵读困难的) people learn more quickly.Vanessa Harrar of Britains University of Oxford led the study.She reported the findings in the journal Current Biology.The study suggests that dyslexic people may have trouble moving quickly from what they read to what they hear.In the study，Doctor Harrar tested 17 people with dyslexia，and 19 others without reading problems.The volunteers were asked to push a button as quickly as possible when they heard a sound，saw a light or experienced both together.Doctor Harrar compared the speed of their reactions.She found that people with dyslexia were just as fast as the others when they saw only a picture or heard only a sound.But the Dyslexics had a slower reaction time when they heard a sound and saw a picture at the same time，this may have an effect on how dyslexic children are taught how to read.Doctor Harrar feels like playing video games could help dyslexic people shift from seeing to hearing more quickly.She adds that images in video games force the eyes to move and focus quickly.“Video game types of things pop out of here and there，they move your eyes around the screen quite quickly in response to things quite quickly，and the more you play a video game the faster you get that kind of thing.So，the video game is really training the attention system to move quickly，” said Harrar.When children learn the alphabet，they usually see the letter first and then hear the sound，or they see and hear the letter at the same time.The study shows that Dyslexics might learn more quickly if they hear the sound of a letter or word first before seeing it.【语篇导读】研究表明视频游戏能帮助阅读障碍者学习。1Whats the best title of the passage?AHow to Play Video Games BetterBVideo Games Might Help DyslexicsCVideo Games Can Cure Dyslexics CompletelyDWhats Dyslexics解析标题概括题。文章主要讲述了研究表明视频游戏能帮助有阅读障碍者学习，故用B作为文章的标题最好。答案B2According to the passage the dyslexic people have difficulty in_.Achanging from what they see to what they hear quicklyBmoving aroundCplaying video gamesDwatching movies解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The study suggests that dyslexic people may have trouble moving quickly from what they read to what they hear.”和第四段中的“Doctor Harrar feels like playing action video games could help dyslexic people shift from seeing to hearing more quickly.”可知有阅读障碍的人在所看到的东西和所听到的东西之间进行转换时有困难。答案A3The study shows the people with dyslexia response_ when they only take a single action.Aslower than the people without dyslexiaBfaster than the people without dyslexiaCas fast as the people without dyslexiaDtwice faster than the people without dyslexia解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“She found that people with dyslexia were just as fast as the others when they saw only a picture or heard only a sound.”可知应选C。答案C4What does the author want to tell us in Paragraph 4?AThe reason about her study.BThe situation about her study.CThe problem about her study.DThe conclusion about her study.解析推理判断题。通读第四段不难发现Harrar向我们介绍了她研究的结论：如何才能更好地使有阅读障碍的人反应的更快玩视频游戏。答案D5Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?AThe Dyslexics react quickly when they hear a word and see it in the meantime.BThe Dyslexics make no reaction when they hear a word and see it in the meantime.CThe Dyslexics react quickly when they hear a word before see it.DThe Dyslexics react quickly when they hear a word after see it.解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But the Dyslexics had a slower reaction time when they heard a sound and saw a picture at the same time.”和最后一段中的“The study shows that Dyslexics might learn more quickly if they hear the sound of a letter or word first before seeing it.”可知有阅读障碍的人在看到一个单词之前先听到它，他们反应会快一些，故选C项。答案C1.短文改错此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行作出判断：如无错误，在该行右边的横线上画一个勾（）；如有错误（每行只有一个错误），则按下列情况改正：该行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线（）划掉。该行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（），在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。该行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。注意：原行没有错的不要改。Sue and Billy Wrangler are model high schoolstudents. They study hard. They do extreme well on 66_achievement tests. And next year, Sue will be attend 67_Harvard University. Billy, her younger brother, hope to go 68_to Cornell. That makes Sue and Billy different from 69_most students is that they dont go to school. In fact , 70_theyve never been to school. Since a kindergarten, they 71_studied at home. Neither Sue nor Billy feels that 72_they have missed out on nothing by being taught at home . 73_As many of the more than one million people who receive 74_home schooling in the United States, they feel if they too 75_